Joke Collection Website - Mood Talk - Excuse me, what schools of martial arts are there in China?
Excuse me, what schools of martial arts are there in China?
Shaolin is the martial arts school with the widest range, the longest history and the most kinds of boxing in the Central Plains, and it is named after the Shaolin Temple in Songshan, Zhongyue.
as for the origin of Shaolin School, according to the book "Legend of Jingdezhen Lights" in the Northern Song Dynasty, in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, during the Daiwa period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Later Wei Dynasty (477-499), Master Dharma came from the northern part of Liang, and spent nine years in Songshan Shaolin Temple, where he succeeded. Then he passed on the two classics "Yi Jin" and "Washing the marrow" and founded Shaolin Wushu. This statement is recorded in many ancient books, and Li Jing wrote the preface to Yijin Sutra in the Tang Dynasty. However, the historical facts of the examination are not consistent with history. Modern scholars have proved that this is just a legend, and Dharma, known as the early ancestor of Zen, has no such martial arts.
Historically, before Dharma, the martial arts atmosphere in the monasteries of the Northern Dynasties was formed. In the 19th year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (495), Shaolin Temple was built in Songshan Mountain, which was originally built for Ba Tuo (also known as Buddha), a monk in the western regions. Later, Dharma came to the temple. Although Dharma founded Zen, it was not the founder of Shaolin Wushu. In fact, Shaolin Wushu was gradually formed spontaneously in the long-term practice of monks and nuns.
the development of Shaolin Wushu. A great event that began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Before the Sui Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Shaolin Temple was robbed by mountain thieves, and monks rose up to resist the enemy. Thieves set fire to the temple. Li Shimin, the king of Qin, fought against Wang Shichong, the emperor of Zheng, and Shaolin monks were invited to help, taking Wang Renze alive and forcing Wang Shichong to surrender. This is the famous "Thirteen Stick Monks Save the King of Tang" and the historical prototype of the famous film Shaolin Temple. After Li Shimin acceded to the throne, he gave great rewards to 13 people, including Tanzong, Zhicao, Huici, Shanhu, Puhui, Mingsong, Lingxian, Pusheng, Zhishou, Daoguang, Zhixing, Man and Feng. Shaolin Temple flourished again, and Shaolin Wushu began to flourish, gradually becoming the first martial arts school in the Central Plains.
Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin is also said to be a disciple of Shaolin laity. From Song Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, Shaolin Wushu had a great development. In the Yuan Dynasty, King Jinnaluo, the Great Sage, taught Shaolin cudgel skills and became a school of his own. The Buddhist master Fuyu gathered Shaolin bunts, and the characteristics of Shaolin Wushu became increasingly prominent. By the Ming Dynasty, Shaolin had formed the prestige of "fighting for fame in the world". In the 23rd year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1553), Shaolin Temple organized monk soldiers to fight against Japanese invaders in the south of the Yangtze River. In the 5th year of the Apocalypse (1625), it set up a "Shaolin Temple", which became the sect of Wulin in the world. In the Ming Dynasty, there were famous people who hated Wu, such as Master Jue Yuan, Monk Hill, Monk Moon Sky, Master Painful Zen, and 18 people including Wu Xu, Zhou You, Zhou Shen, Hong Zhuan, Hong Ji, Hong Xin, Pu Cong, Pu Shi, Guang Press, Zong Qing, Zong Xiang, Zong Dai, Dao Zong, Dao Fa, Qing Pan, Qing Yu, Tong He and Xuan Qing. After the Ming Dynasty, Shaolin Wushu gradually changed from stick to fist. It also absorbed many kinds of folk boxing, gathered the achievements of martial arts in the world, and formed Shaolin School.
During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (or Yongzheng in some cases), the imperial court burned Shaolin Temple because it was hiding anti-Qing righteous men "conspiring against the Qing Dynasty" (and it was forbidden for the people to practice martial arts, so Shaolin Wushu went underground. It was transferred from a branch of South Shaolin, and it is said that Hong Men was founded. Tessai, Zhi Shan, Zhi Guo, over the rainbow, Zhan Ju, Wu Jian, Gu Lun, Miao Xing, Zhen Xu, Degen, etc.
Shaolin School is not only the kung fu of Shaolin Temple, but also the master of the whole foreign kung fu represented by Shaolin Temple Wushu. On the one hand, Shaolin monks introduced a lot of boxing from the people, on the other hand, Shaolin Temple also recruited lay disciples, which made Shaolin martial arts spread among the people. At the same time, Shaolin also established branches in various places. Since the establishment of Jiulianshan Shaolin Temple Branch in Putian, Fujian Province (namely South Shaolin Temple) during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Buddhist monk Fuyu in the Yuan Dynasty established five Shaolin temples in Waimenghelin (now Harahelin, former Hang 'ai Province of Mongolia), Panshan, Chang 'an, Taiyuan and Luoyang in Jixian County, Tianjin, respectively. The origins of many sects are closely related to Shaolin, and even the legend of Wudang and Emei's opening sects is also said to be Shaolin.
Among the branches of Shaolin Temple, South Shaolin is the most important. South Shaolin is also the ancestor of Nanquan, with five fists as the main boxing method, including dragon boxing to practice the spirit, tiger boxing to practice the bones, leopard boxing to practice the spirit, snake boxing to practice the spirit, and crane boxing to practice the essence, as well as Nanquan, all the way to Shaolin, two ways to lift Lu Shaolin and three ways to Shaolin; Four-way stepping Shaolin, five-way Wushu Shaolin, six-way deifying Shaolin and other routines. (See Shi Yongwen's Introduction to Shaolin Martial Arts, No.7 Wulin, 1983). There are many Shaolin tribes, which are called "three great families" and "four great doors". The "three masters" are Hongjia Shaolin, Kongjia Shaolin and Yujia Shaolin; the "four gates" are Dashengmen, Luohan Gate, Erlang Gate and Weituo Gate. Another example is Liuhe, Octupole, Split Hanging, Tongarm, Taizu, Yan Qing, Hua Quan, Chaquan, Mizong, Motive, Mingtang, Shajiao, Poke Foot, Ditan, Hongquan, Fanshou, Monkey Boxing, Mantis, Drunken Boxing and Wing Chun, which are all developed from Shaolin Wushu.
Shaolin has many routines, including boxing alone, which is said to have as many as 172 kinds, including Xiaohong Boxing, Dahong Boxing, Chaoyang Boxing, Tide Watching Boxing, Cannon Boxing, Tongbi Boxing, Plum Blossom Boxing, Long Hammer Boxing and Taizu Long Boxing. Black tiger boxing, Xingyi Line, Luohan Boxing, Liuhe Boxing and "Seventy-two Skills of Shaolin". Sticking, marksmanship and knife-cutting are also the bulk of Shaolin Wushu, each with dozens of routines, while swordsmanship includes two swords, five swords, dragon sword, dragon sword, white ape sword, Liu Xuande double sword, Dharma sword and won robe sword. There are dozens of weapons, such as Fang Tianji, Sanku Fork, Strafe, Crescent Axe, Meihuagui, and more than 1 kinds of Sanda, such as mind handle, tiger pounce handle, Youlong Feibu, Danfeng Chaoyang, cross disorderly handle, Laojun lifting gourd, fairy picking eggplant, stealing peach from the bottom of leaves, and chopping melon behind the head, such as bone unloading method, grasping method, acupoint secret method, slingshot spectrum, Yi Jin Jing Yi, and so on.
The essence of Shaolin Wushu is that the founder of Dharma saw that people hated meditation that day, and he was depressed, and it was difficult to settle down, which hindered Buddhism. The reason was that he was physically weak. From this, he realized that to practice Buddhism, he must first build a strong body and create a fist method because of the effect of birds and animals. Therefore, the first thing about Shaolin Wushu is to adjust his breath, practice hundreds of bones, advance and retreat quickly, and be both rigid and flexible.
the relationship between Shaolin martial arts schools and chivalrous culture is manifested in three aspects.
firstly, Shaolin martial arts is profound and inexhaustible, and it is the largest martial arts treasure house in the world, so it deserves to be called the largest martial arts sect. Therefore, Shaolin Sect often plays the role of "moral defender, judge and leader" in Jianghu. For example, Shaolin in Jin Yong's "No Dragon Eight Parts", the best martial arts in the world lies in Shaolin; Before Yanmenguan, the leader of the Liao people attacked, out of Shaolin, made Wang Ba's ambition and blood-soaked hatred return to the dust with compassion Buddhism, and it was in Shaolin that the resentment was resolved. Of course, sometimes Shaolin suffers from excessive tolerance, which leads to greed. For example, the evil Jianghu of Yuanzhen (Cheng Kun) in "The Dragon Slayer with Eternal Feelings" has a lot to do with Shaolin's connivance. They think that people's hearts can be changed, but they don't know that some villains are hard to change, and so on.
Secondly, a number of chivalrous literary works have been produced from the legend of Shaolin. Among them, the most famous film, Shaolin Temple, starring Jet Li tells the story of "Thirteen Stick Monks Saving the King of Tang Dynasty" and the legend that Shaolin began to carry forward, and some chivalrous literary works also reflect the pioneering contributions made by Dharma and the eminent monks in previous dynasties to Shaolin.
thirdly, Shaolin plays an important role in fighting against the Qing dynasty and foreign aggression. Shaolin once had heroic deeds of fighting against Japan, and it was said that it was engaged in secret activities of "fighting against the Qing dynasty and regaining sight", from which came the legend of chivalrous culture about Shaolin. Yu Dataphthalein, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in Ming Dynasty, is said to have a great relationship with Shaolin. The legend of Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society originated from Shaolin; In literary and artistic works, "Fang Shiyu Series" with the theme of Shaolin laity disciples appeared again.
Shaolin is the master of martial arts in China and occupies an important position in chivalrous culture.
(2) wu-tang clan
Wudang is the clan within the family.
According to Huang Zongxi's Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, wu-tang clan was created by Zhang Sanfeng, a Song poet. It is said that Zhang Sanfeng was an alchemist (Taoist priest) in Wudang Mountain in the late Northern Song Dynasty. Huizong called him to Beijing and met a thief. In his dream, Yuan Di gave him boxing skills. The next day, Zhang Sanfeng killed more than 1 thieves alone, so he founded the Neijia Boxing School.
Another legend says that Zhang Sanfeng originated from Shaolin and mastered the essence of Shaolin, and incorporated it into ten pieces of cotton long fists, changing the method of fighting into the method of defending against the enemy, and his style was greatly different from Shaolin, so he was unique and founded Wudang Sect. Also known as Neijia. After ten years of success, his reputation has greatly improved, and there are also tribes such as Taiji, Xingyi and Bagua. Jin Yong's martial arts novel "Eternal Dragon Slayer" was written in Wudang, and this statement was adopted, saying that Zhang Sanfeng, whose real name was Zhang Junbao, was an apprentice and master of Shaolin Buddhist monk Jue Yuan, who violated the ban that Shaolin was not allowed to learn martial arts without authorization. Later, he changed according to Shaolin's achievement method and created wu-tang clan.
As for Zhang Sanfeng in history, his real name was Zhang Quanyi, also known as Zhang Junbao, and Sanfeng was his road name. Because he was unkempt, he was also called a slovenly Taoist. There are different opinions about his life time, some call him a Song Dynasty man, some call him a Jin Dynasty man, and some call him a Yuan Dynasty man and a Ming Dynasty man. Probably because he is very famous in Taoist legends, he was carried out and became the granddaddy of wu-tang clan. This statement is obviously only for wu-tang clan to deify himself, not the truth of history.
the official spread of wu-tang clan began in the Ming dynasty. Although Wudang Mountain began to build Taoist temples in the Tang Dynasty, the real golden age was in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di, the Ming emperor, ascended the throne, admired Wudang Taoism and mobilized 3, migrant workers. It took 13 years to build 33 buildings in Wudang Mountain, which are called Eight Palaces, Two Views, Thirty-six an tang, Seventy-two Rock Temple, Twelve Ancestrals, Twelve Pavilions, and Thirty-nine Bridges, etc., stretching for 14 Li. The architectural patterns are all designed by the Ministry of Industry according to the story of cultivating immortals by Zhenwu in the scriptures. Up to now, there are still handwriting on the beam of the main hall of Zixiaoguan in Wudang Mountain, which was built by the holy king in the 11th year (1413) and 12th year of Ming Yongle. On the precipice of Santianmen, there are four characters of "one pillar is the sky", which is spectacular. The Taihe Palace at the top of Tianzhu Peak, also known as the Golden Hall, is dedicated to a bronze gilded statue of Zhang Sanfeng. The golden age of Wudang Taoism began at this time, and Wudang martial arts schools also came into being in this golden age.
According to Wang Zhengnan's Epitaph, it is recorded that Wang Zong, a native of Shaanxi, and Chen Zhou Tong, a native of Wenzhou, were the first to teach Neijia Boxing. Zhang Songxi was born in Wenzhou around the first year of Zhengde (156), and Ming Guangzong died in Yuping, Guizhou around the first year of Taichang (162). Zhang Songxi claimed to be the true biography of Zhang Sanfeng, the third generation descendant of wu-tang clan. Later, he traveled to Jiangyan, got a true biography of Emei, and founded Wudang Songxi School, and wu-tang clan became famous from then on. Legend has it that there were 7 Shaolin monks who refused to accept their admiration and challenged them to come to the door. Songxi sat still, but a monk suddenly jumped out of the air and used serial leg skills to break his qigong with Shaolin stunts. Songxi is still calm, only when the Shaolin monk's offensive is coming, he raises his hand slightly sideways, and the Shaolin monk suddenly loses his castration like a broken kite, flies out of the window and falls under a tall building. From then on, Wudang boxing, no one refused.
After Zhang Songxi, there were many talents in wu-tang clan. A large number of martial arts experts have been produced. They are: Ye Jimei, Wu Kunshan, Zhou Yunquan, Shan Sinan, Zhen Zhenshi, Sun Jishi, Li Tianmu, Xu Daiyue, Yu Shizhong, Wu Qilang, Chen Maohong, Lu Shaoqi, Dong Fuyu, Xia Zhixi, Chai Yuanming, Yao Shimen, Monk Er, Hating Wei and others.
wu-tang clan's skill is characterized by strong muscles and good luck. Emphasis is placed on internal strength training, paying attention to static braking, being soft and rigid, winning with short, hitting slowly and quickly, meaning luck, transporting the body with qi, being feminine, controlling breathing and using short hands. Wudang Kung Fu is not the main attack, but it cannot be easily violated. If you commit a crime, you will make a servant.
Wudang's tactics strategy is: all fighters use their points, dead points, dizzy points and dumb points, and everything is like a bronze figure. (Epitaph of Wang Zhengnan) Its general requirements are included in "Six Roads and Ten Sections of Brocade". The melody of the "Six Roads" is:
You Tong God's arm is the highest, the door is locked and turned to Britain and Mongolia,
Immortals stand up to the sky, throwing out their arms and embracing the moon is not forgiving,
Whipping the whip is hard to reach people, and the evil cone rushes to capture their wings and shakes them.
The song formula of "Ten Duan Jin" is:
Stand up and sit on the mountain and tiger, turn around and make quick steps to make three chases,
Set up double knives to converge and roll forward and backward three times,
Make a cross in two places to make three chases, set up a knife to return to the camp,
Make a new fist step as before, and roll back.
Wudang kungfu emphasizes "thirty-five practitioners and eighteen practitioners", and there are also so-called seventy-two falls, thirty-five palms, sixteen ways and eighteen techniques, twelve characters, and five words of intention.
wu-tang clan's boxing routines include Tai Ji Chuan, Wuji Boxing, Yaoyu Changquan, Ape Fudi Boxing, Six-step Sanshou, Wudang Taiyi five elements boxing and so on. Wu-tang clan's internal skills include six types of "washing the marrow with golden sutra" (golden lion snatching the hair, phoenix nodding, lotus leaf swinging in the wind, left-handed gold thread winding, right-handed gold thread winding, and chopping Huashan with a knife). Wu-tang clan's equipment, the first treasure of Wudang Town, Wudang Sword, Bai Hongjian, Taiji Sword, liuhe gun, Liuhe Knife, Songxi Stick, etc. Wu-tang clan's array method is often mentioned in martial arts novels, such as Jiugong Bagua Array and Sancai Sword Array.
Shaolin comes from Buddhism and has the color of Tianzhu culture. Wudang comes from Xuanmen Taoism, and the color of Chinese books is extremely strong. Shaolin kungfu contains Buddhist compassion. Wudang Kung Fu originated from Taoism, and Laozi talked about "One" and "Tao", while Zhuangzi talked about "the wilderness of the vast Mo" and "carefree travel", which made Wudang Kung Fu have a strong imagination and aesthetic meaning, and the performance of the moves was also very poetic. For example, the following moves were very visual and full of aesthetic charm: iron fan facing the wind, throwing things first, shunzi throwing into a well, rosy clouds shining through the sun, and. Another example is the boxing formula of wu-tang clan Chun Yang Boxing:
The wind blows the lotus, swaying from side to side, flying clouds and flowing water, stepping on the elbow constantly, nourishing luck, hitting slowly and quickly, and encircling eight methods.
On the one hand, it's an internal skill, on the other hand, it's a visual posture, with lotus flowers, cool breeze, flowing water and flying clouds, which makes people seem to want to see the emptiness, beauty and spirit of the Wudang Taoist temple. The swaying of the tricks is continuous, and it seems to remind people of the supreme mystery of "one life, two lives, three lives, and three lives", and think of force of nature, which was vast and chaotic when the world first opened.
The tribes of Wudang include Songxi School, Huaihe School, Excalibur School, Yisong School, Longmen School, Gongjia South School and so on, as well as Xuanwu School and Northern Taiji School. As for Tai Ji Chuan, Xingyiquan, Bagua Quan, etc., because they come from Taoism, people often classify them as wu-tang clan, and some people think that they are sui generis.
In a word, Wudang, like Shaolin, was originally based on the region, but later it went far beyond the region. wu-tang clan is not only in Wudang Mountain, just as Shaolin is not only in Shaolin Temple. It represents a large number of martial factions with similar characteristics, such as being quiet and soft, and coming from Xuanmen Taoism. It is a broad concept.
(3) Emei Sect
Emei Sect, Shaolin and Wudang * * * are the three major martial arts in China, and they are also a wide range of sects, especially in the southwest, which can be said to monopolize the head of the turtle.
The Emei Sect got its name from Mount Emei, one of the four famous Buddhist mountains. It is different from the "Emei Mountain" in Hong Men Heaven and Earth Society, and the "Emei" in Hong Men.
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