Three of my yellow birds (oriole) died of diarrhea. How to treat and prevent them?

Common bird diseases

1. Vitamin A deficiency

Symptoms: The main symptoms of vitamin A deficiency are: inflammation of the eyes and nose, swelling of the eyelids, and decreased vision. , there is tofu-like secretion in the eyes, and sometimes the upper and lower eyelids stick together. Feathers ruffled. Movement disorders. Some birds develop dry eye disease, or the eyeballs on one side are sunken, but the eyeballs are not damaged and they still have vision. In severe cases, corneal perforation may occur, leading to outflow of atrial fluid and blindness. When chicks are deficient in vitamin A, their growth and development will be retarded or stopped.

Treatment: Vitamin A deficiency can be treated with cod liver oil. Feed one drop of concentrated cod liver oil every day for three days, and it can be cured quickly (the eyeballs have been damaged and cannot be cured). When there is secretion in the eyes or adhesions between the upper and lower eyelids, 3% boric acid water can be used to clean them.

Prevention: Appropriate addition of carrots, vegetables or fruits to the feed can prevent vitamin A deficiency. Cod liver oil can also be added, but if not mastered properly, it can easily cause poisoning.

2. Vitamin D deficiency

Symptoms: Vitamin D deficiency will affect the bird’s absorption and utilization of calcium, resulting in stunted growth and development, rough and dull feathers; sternum and beak The legs and claws are deformed or bent, and the legs are severely deformed; the legs are weak, activity is reduced, and they often crouch to rest. Female birds lay soft eggs which affects reproduction.

Treatment: Feed concentrated cod liver oil to supplement vitamin D, one drop a day for three days. While supplementing vitamin D, you should also pay attention to whether there is a calcium deficiency problem. You can add bone meal and shell powder to supplement calcium.

Prevention: Frequently going outdoors to bask in the sun can encourage birds to produce vitamin D on their own. However, everyone should be reminded that sunlight through ordinary glass cannot promote the production of vitamin D in birds.

3. Vitamin E deficiency

Symptoms: When lacking vitamin E, birds will suffer from movement disorders, with their heads and necks tilted back and bent into an "S" shape. Although I really want to eat, it is actually difficult to take in food and water. Sometimes a sudden touch will cause the bird to tilt its head and neck back, bend its head and neck in an "S" shape, and become unstable. Sometimes it will fall to the ground. It may return to normal after being quiet for a while. As the condition worsens, death can occur within a few days.

Treatment: Take vitamin E, 5 mg each time, 2-3 times a day. If there is no vitamin E, you can feed vegetable oil, such as peanut oil. If vegetable oil is added dropwise to the feed, the feed should not be left for too long, no more than 8 hours in winter and 4 hours in summer.

Prevention: The main cause of vitamin E deficiency is that the feed has been stored for too long or has deteriorated. Feed moldy and deterioration should be avoided.

4. Psittacosis

Pathogen: The pathogen of Psittacosis (chlamydiasis, bird plague) is a kind of chlamydia, which can infect more than 190 kinds of birds, including poultry. Can infect people.

Symptoms: depression, loss of appetite or refusal to eat, diarrhea, early stage feces is watery, green or gray in color, mid-term feces volume decreases, is sticky, black or green, and often pollutes feathers. In the later stages, the feces will be large amounts of water. Some eyes and noses are inflamed, with watery or pus-like secretions coming out, difficulty breathing, rough breathing sounds, and a "gurgling" sound. He often squatted motionless and eventually died of exhaustion.

Treatment: ① Sick birds that have been diagnosed with psittacosis should be eliminated and buried or burned together with the bird's excrement to avoid infecting healthy birds and humans. ② Strictly disinfect cages and drinking water utensils. ③ Particularly precious birds can be treated with drugs under strict isolation conditions. The method is to mix the materials according to the following concentrations: tetracycline 0.02-0.04 or oxytetracycline 0.05-0.1 or chlortetracycline 0.02-0.06. The mixing materials must be certain. It should be used evenly for 15-30 days.

Prevention: ① To prevent the introduction of chlamydia, when introducing new birds, they must be kept in isolation for at least 3 months.

② When chlamydia occurs, decisive measures should be taken to eliminate sick birds and thoroughly clean and disinfect cages, drinking water containers and the environment. If you want to introduce new birds and raise them in the original environment, it is best to wait for a while before introducing them.

5. Avian cholera

Pathogen: The pathogen of avian cholera is Pasteurella multocida, which can infect birds, feed and drinking water contaminated by Pasteurella multocida, etc. can spread the disease. It is prone to occur in hot and humid seasons.

Symptoms: The most acute cases die suddenly without any symptoms. Acute cases include listlessness, reluctance to open eyes, loose feathers, severe diarrhea, unsteadiness in standing, and reluctance to move.

Treatment: Penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and sulfonamides are all effective. Mix the mixture with oxytetracycline 0.05-0.1 and sulfamethazine 0.2-0.5, and use it for 5-7 days.

6. Aspergillosis

Pathogen: The pathogen of aspergillosis is some fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Moldy feed and litter are major sources of Aspergillus.

Symptoms: Symptoms are manifested in the respiratory system, including difficulty breathing, mouth breathing, increased breathing times, and sometimes wing flapping. In some cases, thin or sticky secretions flow from the nose, and eyelids are swollen. Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Treatment: Nystatin, 1.5 million units per kilogram of feed, 5?/F ONTgt; 7 days.

Prevention: Improve environmental sanitation and ensure dryness and ventilation of the aviary; frequently change and dry bedding, and do not feed moldy and spoiled feed.

Tired siskins

Tituses pass through northern my country during their two migrations every spring and autumn. They can often be captured and are easy to raise and tame. There are many types of oriole cages, but the more particular one is the lacquered bamboo round cage, which should have a closed bottom and a thin cloth mat inside, because its main food is powder or dry powder, and the feces are small and dry, so it is not easy to stain the bottom of the cage. There should also be a higher bottom ring to prevent the pellet shells from flying around and birds from destroying the food. In order to teach skills or make "confinement", some people raise female orioles in frames, most of which are straight frames.

Feed and feeding methods: Yellow finches mainly eat coniferous tree seeds in the wild, so they like to eat perilla, peanuts, walnuts, sunflower seeds and other oil crop seeds in domestic conditions. Newly caught orioles can be lured with perilla, but they cannot be fed for a long time, otherwise they will easily become overweight. Generally, they are fed a mixture of millet, millet, barnyardgrass and a small amount of perilla. When the oriole eats, it often picks perilla seeds to eat and removes all other seeds, resulting in waste. It is better to feed mixed powder. You can grind corn, peanuts, and perilla (3:1:1) into powder, add a small amount of sand, and often give some leafy vegetables (cabbage, spinach, rape, purslane). In addition, some feed eggs and millet, but in winter it is necessary to feed some seeds of oil crops.

Management and Training Among caged birds, raising oriole is the easiest. For management, you only need to ensure sufficient and fresh water and clean the cage 1-2 times a week. The oriole is often allowed to bask in the sun in autumn, winter and spring, and the cage is hung in a cool place in summer. During the moulting period, give more leafy vegetables and add some perilla. The oriole's feathers change quickly and they "call" early. Their feathers shine silver-gray and look very beautiful.

Beijing area has very strict requirements on the chirping of oriole, and pays attention to the "three big mouths", namely magpie, red and oil gourd. If the calls are mixed with the calls of other birds, they are often considered "miscellaneous". The calls of waxwings, goldfinches, chaffinches, and young white-faced tits are particularly taboo. Therefore, it is very difficult to cultivate a real oriole with "three big mouths". In addition to obtaining "hemp birds" and strictly isolating them, you must often get up early and rush into a small cage to go for a walk in the woods where gray magpies inhabit. Hide it in your schoolbag on the way, take it out when you hear the call of the gray magpie, and open the cage cover. It takes two weeks or even longer to learn. Let them imitate the call of an oil gourd. Usually, you raise an oil gourd at home. When the oil gourd sings at night, you put the oriole under a lamp to listen. In addition, people who raise oriole like to raise a red one specifically to teach the oriole to learn to sing.

As for the oriole's skills, they are nothing more than simple actions such as "calling far away", "ringing the bell", and "drawing lots" (commonly used by fortune tellers in the past), all of which are simple conditioned reflexes formed by using Su Zi to induce.

The breeding problem of oriole in captivity should attract the widespread attention of bird lovers. Artificial breeding can produce satisfactory "Ma birds" without having to catch them in the wild, and it is also conducive to protecting natural populations. For those that have successfully reproduced in China, you must first raise a few pairs in large cages. If you observe carefully, if you find any close pairs, put them in the breeding cage and install a grass nest, and it is possible to lay eggs.