What's the difference between the Web front-end and the back-end in detail? (including definition, characteristics, technology used, etc.). (500 words)

Front-end, also known as "client development", simply put, everything you see on the screen of an application or website belongs to the front end.

Generally speaking, the original meaning of web is spider web and web. In web design, we call it web page. Now it has been widely translated into network, Internet and other technical fields. There are three forms, namely hypertext, hypermedia, hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and so on, including the structure, visual appearance and interactive realization of web pages.

? 1. 1 Front end of websites and mobile applications

Let's consider a realistic example: the website you are visiting. Content design, pictures, the spacing between paragraphs and lines, the company logo in the upper left corner, and the small notification button in the lower right corner-these are the front ends.

The front end of a mobile application is the same as a website. For example, as you see in mobile or web applications, buttons and pictures are all part of the front end. In addition, the mobile phone screen also has a touch response function, so when the application responds to all the gestures you make, you need to zoom in/out, double-click and slide.

Front-end developers build it all. They create the look and feel you see on the screen.

Ionic, Swift, Kotlin, Bootstrap, Angular, Vue, jQuery and React.js are some tools and technologies for front-end development.

1.2 IOT front end

Any object connected to the Internet is an IoT (Internet of Things) device. You may want to know how the front end of IOT devices works. Any smart device, such as smart refrigerator, remote PoS system, smart watch and smart wallet, needs something that users can interact with to operate the device. So "thing" is an interactive medium, and its element is the front end of the Internet of Things.

IoT devices don't have a front end, but they contain a firmware that behaves like a front end in a mobile application. In addition, firmware can be written in C, C++, Lua, Python, JavaScript and other languages.

In addition, there is the UI/UX design and implementation of IOT devices.

2. What is back-end development?

Backend, also known as "server-side development", is what happens behind the system. Similarly, servers that store websites, application data, and intermediate media between backend servers and browsers or applications also belong to the backend. Simply put, what you can't see on the screen of an application or website is the back end of the front end. It is more about interacting with the database to deal with the corresponding business logic. What needs to be considered is how to realize functions, data access, platform stability and performance.

2. 1 Website and mobile application backend

The back end of the website needs to set up servers, store and retrieve data, and interfaces to connect these servers with the front end. If the front-end developers are concerned about the appearance of the website, the back-end developers are more concerned about the speed, performance and responsiveness of the website, and the back-end is integrated through coding, cloud API and database.

Just like the front-end, the back-end development of mobile applications and the back-end of websites are the same in all aspects. In addition, your options for setting the mobile application backend server include: cloud computing customized server (AWS, Firebase) or MBaaS (mobile backend as a service).

Ruby, Apache, Nginx, PHP, MySQL, MongoDB and other tools and technologies for back-end development are few.

2.2 Internet of Things backend

One of the most important components of the back end of the Internet of Things is the cloud back end. Obviously, most IOT devices rely on cloud servers to upload and download data and process them into actions.

If we talk about advanced IOT solutions, back-end development can be extended to AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML (Machine Learning).

The back-end technologies used in IOT projects include Amazon Internet of Things, Google Cloud, MQTT Broker, IFTTT and so on.

To sum up, to put it bluntly:

Web front-end is divided into web designers, web artists and web front-end development engineers.

First, the web designer is responsible for the structure, color and overall page code of the website; Web artists only pay attention to things like UI, such as whether the website is beautiful or not; Web front-end development engineers are responsible for interaction design and need to cooperate with programmers to carry out interaction design.

Web front-end needs to master scripting technology, javascript DIV+CSS, the most popular page building technology, ajax and jquery, and simple back-end programs. If there are back-end development languages such as asp, php, jsp and so on. NET, the build environment will be different.

In the actual development process, the positioning of front-end and back-end developers is as follows:

1) Front-end developers: proficient in JS, proficient in using JQuery, and familiar with CSS, and able to skillfully use this knowledge to develop interactive effects.

2) Back-end developers: they can write Java codes and SQL statements, do simple database design, know Spring and iBatis, and know some design patterns.

3. What's the difference between the front end and the back end?

4. Front end Vs back end: Who is the best? Who is the best?

A large part of the work done by front-end designers is to make what users see on the screen of mobile devices or PCs look great and easy to use. On the contrary, the only aesthetic concern of back-end developers is to write clean code.

Therefore, there is no question of who is better. They are mutually successful and cooperative. For example, Steve Jobs (front-end visionary) and Steve Wozniak (back-end genius) made Apple's simple and classic design and smooth operating system.

5. Front-end and back-end developers: positions

6. Front-end and back-end developers: required skills

7. Front-end and back-end developers: roles and responsibilities

Ok, it's close to 2000 words, which should have answered your question. If it helps you, please adopt it. Thank you!