Looking for romantic figures through the ages

1) people who have made great achievements in history and have a great influence on Chinese civilization. Or a chivalrous and fearless hero, or an extremely clever wise man, or a brilliant scholar, list ten people, rank them well, explain the reasons, and then give each person a brief introduction of one or two hundred words.

X. Xiang Yu:

Ji Xiang, Yu Zi, the first valiant soldier in ancient China, was one of the twelve biographies of Sima Qian in Historical Records, and became the first person to enter this subject as a non-emperor in the official history of China.

Xiang Yu, who was not ambitious, was able to raise the tripod and said to himself, "Although the sword is one enemy, he lacks knowledge, so he can learn from ten thousand enemies." There is also a poem that says, "There is no limit to pulling up mountains, and it is indisputable to be angry." In the Peking Opera "Shooting a halberd at Yuanmen", Lyu3 bu4 has a aria, and the plate is set to 26. The first sentence is, "A general can't be brave, it's better to be a tyrant of Chu." It can be seen that even Lu Bu is in awe of Xiang Yu. He started the uprising with only 8,000 soldiers in Jiangdong, and later recruited hundreds of thousands of soldiers. He is called "the overlord of the place of Chu". He destroyed Qin first, then fought for the world with Liu Bang, lost in front of Jiuli Mountain, and finally committed suicide in Wujiang River, but left a farewell my concubine. It can be called both heroic and heroic, and it can also be called a romantic figure.

Nine, Li Mu

His great achievement is A Record of Xiongnu. Li Mu is a native of Zhao, who has been threatened by Xiongnu. Zhao Jun was repeatedly defeated by Xiongnu, so that King Wuling of Zhao rode and shot in Khufu, knowing shame and being brave. Zhao Jun learned from Xiongnu in equipment and tactics, and established cavalry units that shocked the six countries. Li Mu really only fought with Xiongnu once, but only this time, he fought with Xiongnu for almost ten years and didn't dare to go south. In this battle, Li Mu gave full play to the wisdom of Sun Tzu's Art of War. At first, he lost five wars in a row, abandoned countless cattle and sheep, lured the main force of Xiongnu from the grassland they were good at to the periphery of the Great Wall where the Han people were good at, fought a decisive battle, and paralyzed his opponent by showing weakness to the enemy. Then rush out, gather troops in the middle of the night, attack the Xiongnu camp at night, and kill the Xiongnu knight riding in his sleep. At the same time, heavy chariots surrounded the exit of Xiongnu camp and shot Xiongnu fugitives with arrows as dense as locusts. In this campaign, the main force of Xiongnu was almost completely annihilated, and it was difficult to recover for several years. What's important is that this war is a classic example of the coordinated operation of the Han army, which provides a classic example for the Han regime to fight against the Huns in the future ~

Eight, Qin Shihuang

In 22 1 year BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, which had been divided for hundreds of years, and established centralization of authority, which has an influence to this day. The first iron-fisted emperor taxed the people and built water conservancy and civil engineering. He also unified national weights and measures and writing. The name of the powerful Qin Dynasty spread abroad, and foreign countries called China "Qin" (zhina). He is the first politician in China who enjoys a world reputation and the second most famous monarch.

Among the ancient emperors in China, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the most internationally renowned. In the eyes of westerners, he was the king at the peak of China in ancient times and the most successful emperor in China. He respected Confucianism as the official theory and strengthened centralization of authority. He conquered a large area of land south of the Yangtze River and a part of Korea, and opened up the "Silk Road" with far-reaching significance in the communication between China and the West. He made the Chinese Empire achieve the prosperity of the Roman Empire in the same period. Some western scholars believe that he can be called Caesar, Alexander or Octavian of China.

Sixth, Zhuge Liang

Outstanding statesmen and military strategists in the Three Kingdoms period were regarded as the model of "good looks through the ages". Parents died early and were raised by Uncle Xuan. Later, due to the chaos in Xuzhou, I avoided the chaos in Jingzhou, concentrated on my studies and remained indifferent to my ambitions. After Liu Bei visited the cottage, he put forward the famous "Longzhong Dui", instigated Sun and Liu to form an alliance, and Battle of Red Cliffs defeated Cao Cao, which laid the foundation for the tripartite confrontation among the three countries. Shu Han was established and worshipped as prime minister. Liu Bei failed to attack Wu, and was entrusted with Yong 'an, assisted by the young master, communicating with Soochow, repairing politics at home, rebelling in Nanping and resisting Wei in the north. In order to complete the great cause of reunifying the Central Plains and reviving the Han Dynasty, he attacked the State of Wei five times and played an extraordinary role in governing the country and the army. The people are not angry because of their civilian power. He also deduced the art of war, made an "eight-array map", made a profit and loss crossbow, and fought against the famous Sima Yi and Zhang He, winning many battles. In the last Northern Expedition, he adopted the strategy of dividing his troops and stationing wasteland, and fought with Sima Yi's army for 100 days. Unfortunately, he died of overwork at the age of 54, saying that he was loyal to Wuhou. His noble character of "devote one's life to death" has been admired and missed by people for thousands of years.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Lin Zexu

Lin Zexu was a patriotic politician, thinker and poet in Qing Dynasty. Historians call him "the first person who opened his eyes to see the world" in modern China. During the Opium War, he advocated the prohibition of opium, resisted the aggression of western capitalism, persisted in safeguarding China's sovereignty and national interests, seized and burned a large amount of opium, crushed many armed provocations by the British invaders, and showed great patriotism. Even the British businessman, the number one opium dealer, had to admit in front of such a clean imperial envoy: "His hands have never been stained by bribes. This situation is unheard of among China politicians. "

In 40 years, Lin Zexu traveled all over 14 province with 400,000 troops. In the end, he was penniless and penniless, just as he said in the book "Analysis of Family Property Self-determination" in his later years: "The discount of agricultural land property is zero" and "There is no cash at present!" It's admirable, admirable! All this, as the motto of calligraphy hanging in the hall of his former residence shows:

"All rivers run into the sea, with great tolerance; The wall stands thousands of miles, and there is no desire. "

Fourth, Li Bai

It's time for a romantic figure in the literary world ~

Li Bai, the word Taibai, was a great poet in Tang Dynasty in China. His poetic style is bold and unconstrained, his imagination is rich, his language is natural and fluent, and his temperament is harmonious and changeable. He is good at absorbing nutritious folk materials from folk songs and myths, forming his unique magnificent colors, which is the new peak of active romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. He and Du Fu are also called "Du Li".

He has never achieved fame in his life, but he has high expectations. He despised the rich and powerful in clothes, unscrupulously mocked the hierarchical order centered on political power, criticized the phenomenon of political corruption, and carried forward the heroism in the prosperous Tang culture with a bold gesture of resistance.

The great influence of Li Bai's poems on later generations is first of all the personality strength and charm embodied in his poems. His "since God has given talents, let them find jobs!" " His extraordinary self-confidence, his independent personality of "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to the high-ranking official" are awe-inspiring, and his natural and unrestrained spirit has attracted countless literati. Bold style, unpredictable imagination, clear water showing the beauty of hibiscus also had a great influence on later poets. In the history of China's poetry, Li Bai is a child prodigy with irreplaceable immortal status.

Third, Yue Fei.

There is an old saying among the Khitans that jurchen is invincible with less than 10 thousand. This proves the strength of Jurchen's fighting capacity. But this myth was broken by a China man named Yue Fei. Who said that Jurchen was invincible? Hundreds of Jin Jun was beaten to death in front of Yuegujun, and it was Jurchen's best field battle. Yuegujun's participation in the war was far less than Jurchen's. It is hard for people today to imagine what it was like for Yue Fei to fight against Japan at that time, and it is even harder for people today to imagine how the brilliant victory of 20,000 Yue Jiajun over Jurchen was written. That's the clank of iron for China people to bravely resist foreign aggression, and that's the voice of China people's powerful country after enduring foreign oppression for nearly a hundred years! Jin Wushu, the general of Jin Dynasty, lamented that "I have never met such a strong team in my 20 years in the army." Jurchen even sang sadly in folk songs, "It is easy to shake the mountains, but difficult to shake the Yue family."

Second, Confucius

Confucius is the most influential person in China. He lived in a vassal state in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. He hoped that China, which was divided at that time, would attach importance to the emergence of a unified and powerful central government, and advocated that the upper class should maintain its rule with courtesy, benevolent governance and virtue. All people should follow the creed of loyalty to the son of heaven, filial piety to parents and friendship with morality. Women should be loyal to their husbands. But he fail to turn his ideals and theory into reality. Seven hundred years after his death, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty officially took his theory as the only official theory. Since then, emperors have followed suit. In the 7th century AD, Confucius was regarded as a demigod saint in Daxing Confucius Temple in the Tang Dynasty. This custom has lasted for about 1300 years. In the eyes of westerners, Confucius is a symbol of China tradition. His thoughts had a considerable influence on the European Enlightenment in the18th century. Confucius thought also has a great influence on Japan, Korea, Vietnam and Singapore.

I. Zhou Enlai

Great proletarian revolutionist, politician, militarist and diplomat, one of the main leaders of China Production Party and People's Republic of China (PRC), and one of the founders of China People's Liberation Army. He made great contributions to the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, he has served as the Prime Minister of the Government with outstanding diplomatic achievements. He is called the most difficult politician in the world! During his tenure, he worked hard, was frugal and simple, and devoted himself to his death. After his death, he didn't have any savings, nor did he leave a son and a half daughters, and even his ashes were scattered into the sea. This honesty is unparalleled. It can be said that he gave everything, his wisdom, his loyalty and even his life to the people of China. Who is the first romantic besides the Prime Minister?

2) One or two historical figures with vivid and touching stories are worth learning.

Zuo Guangdou and Shi Kefa are touching and worth learning.

When Mingxi Zonggang acceded to the throne, Zuo Guangdou was a very prestigious minister. He is honest, frank and clean, and is highly valued. Moreover, he is very knowledgeable, and promoted and trained Shi Kefa, a scholar born in poverty.

At that time, Zuo Guangdou met with Shi Kefa in his official residence, encouraged him, and took him to the kitchen to meet Mrs Zuo. He praised in front of Mrs. Zuo: "None of my children have any talent. Inherit my career in the future. It all depends on this young man. "

After that, Zuo Guangdou and Shi Kefa established a close teacher-student relationship. Shi Kefa was born in a poor family, so Zuo Guangdou let him live in the government and personally guided him to study.

Zuo Guangdou and his friend Yang Lian are bent on rectifying state affairs, but Ming Xizong is a fatuous man. He trusted a very bad eunuch, Wei Zhongxian, and put Wei Zhongxian in charge of the Secret Service East Factory. Wei Zhongxian, by virtue of his privilege, helped the clique to seek personal gain, sold officials and titles, and committed all kinds of evils. Some bureaucrats who opposed Lindong Party took refuge in Wei Zhongxian and formed a group. Historically, they were called "eunuchs". Yang Lian was angry with Yan's misconduct, but he boldly wrote a letter to expose Wei Zhongxian's 24 crimes. Zuo Guangdou also strongly supported him.

That was a mistake. In A.D. 1625, Wei Zhongxian colluded with eunuchs, attacked Zuo Guangdou on charges of party harmony, put them in jail and tortured them to extract confessions. After Zuo Guangdou was arrested, Shi Kefa was so anxious that he didn't know what to do. He wandered around the prison gate from morning till night every day, looking for an opportunity to visit his teacher. But the eunuchs kept Zuo Guangdou under strict supervision and did not let people visit him.

Zuo Guangdou was in prison, and no matter how tortured the eunuch was, he refused to give in. Shi Kefa heard that Zuo Guangdou was tortured to death. Regardless of his personal safety, he took 520 pieces of silver and begged the jailer for the last time.

The jailer was finally moved by Shi Kefa's sincerity and tried to give Shi Kefa a chance to visit the prison. That evening, Shi Kefa put on a tattered coat, dressed as a dung collector, wearing sandals, carrying a bamboo basket and a long shovel, and was led into the prison by the jailer.

Shi Kefa found Zuo Guangdou's cell and saw him sitting in the corner, black and blue, his face burned beyond recognition, and his left leg rotted to show his bones. Shi Kefa was very sad when he saw this scene. He stepped forward, knelt down, hugged Zuo Guangdou's leg and kept sobbing.

Zuo Guangdou's face was bruised and he couldn't open his eyes, but he recognized Shi Kefa from his crying. He raised his hand and opened his eyelids with all his strength. His angry eyes seemed to burst into flames. He cursed and said, "Idiot! What is this place? What are you doing here? Things in the country are terrible. I'm finished, and you're still desperate to get in. If they find out, who will do it in the future? "

Shi Kefa still sobbed. Zuo Guangdou said bitterly, "If you don't leave, I'll punish you now, so as to save the traitors." Say that finish, he really touched the shackles around him, and made it look like it was going to be smashed.

Shi Kefa was afraid to speak again, so he had to hold back his grief and quit the prison.

A few days later, Zuo Guangdou and Yang Lian were finally killed by Wei Zhongxian. Shi Kefa paid the jailer a sum of money and buried Zuo Guangdou's body. Thinking of the prison scene, he couldn't help crying and said, "My teacher's heart is really made of stone!" "

Like a teacher and a disciple, Shi Kefa became a loyal and upright courtier under the influence of his teacher. The most praised story is that Shi Kefa stuck to Yangzhou.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Qing army went south, Shi Kefa proposed to go to the front to command the army.

Shi Kefa enjoys high prestige among soldiers in the south. He went to Yangzhou and became Du Fu's poem. He set an example by sharing weal and woe with the soldiers and was loved by them. On New Year's Eve, Shi Kefa sent all the soldiers to rest and stayed alone in the yamen to read official documents. Late at night, he felt mentally exhausted, called the chef on duty and asked for some food and wine.

The cook replied, "According to your orders, all the meat in the kitchen is given to the soldiers for the holidays today, and there is nothing to drink."

Shi Kefa said, "Then take some salt and sauce."

When the chef served the wine, Shi Kefa started drinking several times. Shi Kefa was a heavy drinker and gave up drinking when he came to Yangzhou Du Shi. On this day, I made an exception and drank a little to refresh myself. As soon as he picked up the glass, he thought that the national disaster was imminent and that the court was so corrupt. He was depressed and wept while drinking. Unconsciously, he had a few more drinks and fell asleep on several cases with a little drunkenness.

Early the next morning, civil and military officials from Yangzhou came to Du Shi's yamen for deliberation as usual, only to find that the door was still closed. Everyone can't help wondering, because inspectors usually get up early. Later, a soldier came out and told everyone, "The inspector drank wine last night and didn't wake up."

Yangzhou magistrate ren said: "it is rare that the inspector slept so well last night after overworking on weekdays." Don't disturb him, let him have a good rest. " He also called the night watchman and asked him to play the four-watch drum repeatedly (playing the four-watch drum means it is still not bright).

When Shi Kefa woke up, it was already dawn. While he was listening, the night watchman was still playing the fourth watch. He flew into a rage and called the soldiers in, saying, "Who is beating gongs and drums there and violating my military orders?" The soldier told Ren what he told him, but Shi Kefa had nothing to say. He quickly met with officials to deal with affairs.

From that day on, Shi Kefa made up his mind not to drink.

Before long, the Qing army led by Duo Duo went south. Shi Kefa commanded four town generals to resist and won some battles. However, the internal disputes of Nanming regime continued. Zuo Liangyu, the general of the Ming army stationed in Wuchang, began to attack Nanking in order to compete with Ma Shiying for power. Ma Shiying scared to death, hurriedly withdraw from four towns in Jiangbei to deal with Zuo Liangyu. In the name of Emperor Hong Guang, he also asked Shi Kefa to lead troops back to Nanking to protect him.

Shi Kefa knew that the Qing army was under siege and shouldn't have left. However, in order to quell the civil strife, I had to lead my troops back to Nanjing. Just after crossing the Yangtze River, I knew that Zuo Liangyu had been defeated. He hurried back to Jiangbei, and the Qing soldiers were approaching Yangzhou.

Shi Kefa issued an urgent campaign, asking the town general to concentrate on guarding Yangzhou. But after a few days, no one sent troops to save him. Shi Kefa know, only rely on yangzhou soldiers and civilians, alone.

When the Qing army arrived in Yangzhou at the gates, Duoduo first sent people into the city to surrender to Shi Kefa, and sent five people in a row, all of whom were rejected by Shi Kefa. A lot of angry, ordered a tight siege of Yangzhou city.

Yangzhou city is in danger, and some timid generals in the city are afraid. The next day, a company commander and a prison army carried Shi Kefa and took their own troops out of the city to surrender to the Qing army. Gal, the security forces in the city is even weaker.

Shi Kefa summoned officials from the city, encouraged them to join forces with Qi Xin to resist the Qing soldiers, and assigned the task of guarding the city.

He analyzed the situation and thought that Ximen was the most important line of defense, so he personally led troops to defend Ximen. The men were very moved when they saw Shi Kefa's firmness and calmness, and said that they must stand up with Du Fu's poems.

Many ordered the Qing soldiers to take turns to attack the city day and night. Yangzhou soldiers and civilians fought bravely and repelled the attack of the Qing army again and again. A group of Qing soldiers died, and another group came, and the situation became more and more critical.

More cruel, began to attack the city with artillery. He found that Simon had the strictest defense, and Shi Kefa defended himself, so he ordered the gunner to shell the northwest corner. Shells landed on the west gate one by one, and the city wall gradually collapsed, and finally the gap was blasted.

Shi Kefa is directing the army and civilians to plug the gap, and a large number of Qing troops have rushed into the city. Shi Kefa saw that the city could no longer be defended, so he drew his sword and rubbed it around his neck. The generals who followed him grabbed Shi Kefa and snatched the knife from him. Shi Kefa still didn't want to go, so the Ministry tried to protect him at the East Gate. At that time, a group of soldiers came to see the costume of a Ming official in Shi Kefa. They shouted and asked him who he was.

Afraid of hurting others, Shi Kefa said loudly, "I'm a superintendent. Kill me quickly! "

1April 645, Yangzhou city fell and Shi Kefa was killed.

Duoduo was indignant at the heavy casualties of the Qing army in the besieged city and ordered the inhuman slaughter of Yangzhou people. The massacre lasted for ten days before it ended. Historically, this tragedy was called "Yangzhou Ten Days".

After the massacre, Shi Kefa's adopted son Stevie went to town to look for Shi Kefa's body. Because there were too many bodies and the weather was too hot and rotten to be recognized, Shi Kefa's robe and used water board had to be buried in Meihualing outside Yangzhou. This is the "cenotaph" preserved in Shi Kefa.

3) Many outstanding figures in ancient times left poems that have been passed down through the ages. Find some poems of ancient romantic figures and feel their feelings.

Xiang Yu

Song of Gaixia

Rise from the mountain and be angry with the world,

Bad times never die.

I can't help it if I don't die,

I'm afraid I'm afraid I can't do anything!

Cao Cao

Go out of Xiamen and see the sea.

On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea.

The sea is so vast that the islands stand high on the sea.

Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.

The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.

A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;

Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.

I am glad to use this poem to express my inner desire.

Yue Fei

Man Jiang Hong

Angry hair rushing to the crown, leaning on the fence and drizzling. Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce. Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon. Don't be idle, grow old together and be unhappy.

Jingkang shame, still not snow; When will the courtiers regret it? Driving a long car, Helan Mountain is neglected. Hungry, hungry, eating pork, laughing, thirsty for Hun blood. Leave it at the beginning and clean up the old mountains and rivers. Chaotianque

Zhou Enlai

Quatrain

Dajiang Song "Turn East,

Intensive discipline groups help the poor.

This wall will break down in ten years,

Jumping into the sea is hard to get in return.