The reality of e-government requires the quality of civil servants

On E-Government and its quality requirements for civil servants. E-Government is the application of modern information technology, network technology, office automation technology and other high-tech means in carrying out government activities on a safe and reliable network. The platform performs all-round management functions, carries out government affairs activities in an efficient and open manner, and provides the public with various administrative methods of high-quality public services. Fundamentally speaking, e-government is a revolution in government management methods, an inevitable product of network technology in the information age, and the call for an efficient and open government platform from the new international pattern of economic globalization. Complying with the general trend of the information age and economic globalization, vigorously promoting national informatization and establishing complete electronic official affairs as soon as possible is an inevitable choice for our country's current and future government affairs activities. 1. Characteristics and significance of e-government Compared with traditional government, e-government has the advanced nature of administrative means, the enjoyment of administrative information, the openness of government activities, and the real-time and two-way nature of communication between the government and the public, etc. It has many advantages, so it has become an important part of the information construction of governments around the world. First, the administrative concept has changed from supervision and management to service. In traditional government affairs, government administration focuses on management and control. It is all-encompassing and overly unified, which seriously constrains the enthusiasm and creativity of enterprises and individuals. It also easily encourages the "yamen" style of government staff. The openness of e-government administrative behaviors and the enjoyment of administrative information require government civil servants to adopt a positive attitude to democratically manage and serve administrative affairs. They must firmly establish the concept of "management is service" and conduct open and fair procedures. Handle administrative matters with service as the ultimate goal. The second is the transformation of administrative methods from transactional to knowledge-based. Most of the daily and routine administrative affairs in traditional government affairs will be handled by computer networks and office automation, and will be carried out according to preset procedures. Government civil servants can be freed from tedious daily administrative operations and devote their knowledge, abilities, experience, and energy to innovative management activities. Third, administrative efficiency has changed from multi-level, single and inefficient to multi-functional, comprehensive and efficient. In traditional government affairs, the government management system has a detailed division of labor, many levels, and low efficiency. At a deep level, there are disadvantages such as unreasonable institutional settings, overlapping and overlapping functions of various departments, excessive and excessive approvals, lack of strict office order, unreasonable administrative procedures, low transparency, and black-box operations. E-government takes the public service needs as the starting point, uses network technology to implement "centralization", "modularization", "seamless", "integration" and one-stop service, and is not limited by time and space, making administrative Efficiency has been greatly improved, and government management performance has been greatly enhanced. While e-government overcomes the above shortcomings, it also requires that the work focus of civil servants will gradually change from functional division of labor to multi-functional comprehensive type, with the ability to handle comprehensive business. 2. The quality requirements of e-government for civil servants The quality requirements of e-government for civil servants are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Firmly establish a "service concept". With the implementation of e-government, national civil servants represent the government and citizens to communicate and communicate equally online; interactive, information sharing, and open communication make people's status more equal. Moreover, the ultimate goal of e-government is to provide comprehensive and convenient public services to the society. Therefore, civil servants must first change their concepts, from an "official-oriented" administrative view to a "people-oriented" administrative view, and keep in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. All work should be done for the people, and the sense of professionalism and responsibility in handling government affairs should be strengthened. (2) Master strong administrative knowledge. Integrated, modular, integrated and one-stop online services require administrative staff to constantly update knowledge, improve knowledge structure, increase knowledge stock, change the "one-on-one" way of thinking and working, and improve response and judgment capabilities , adaptability and ability to comprehensively analyze and deal with problems, and adapt to an open and transparent online administrative environment. (3) Have strong information processing capabilities. The essence of e-government is the combination of information technology and government activities, which requires civil servants at all levels and types to master certain information processing technologies and have high information management capabilities. This ability mainly includes the perception, insight, analysis, and generalization of information. It can have a keen sense and profound insight into various information, identify, analyze, and process complex and complicated information, and summarize and summarize it. Refining, summarizing, and summarizing the utilization value of information, discovering the potential value of information, and utilizing information rationally. (4) Must have proficient computer application skills.

Have sufficient understanding of computer hardware and software, be proficient in application software, be proficient in operating it, and be able to conduct government affairs activities online. (5) Must have comprehensive communication and network knowledge. For example, you must have an understanding of the "Three Networks, One Treasury and Twelve Gold" currently promoted by the Chinese government, and you must understand the technical concepts of communication networks, network language, symbols, etc. 3. The current gap in the information quality of civil servants Civil servants are the direct implementers of e-government. Their quality determines the effectiveness of e-government construction. In particular, the information quality of civil servants directly affects the quality, efficiency and progress of e-government. A 2006 survey on the scientific literacy status of Beijing civil servants by Beijing Meiland Information Company showed that although the scientific literacy of civil servants is higher than that of the Beijing public, the actual level of self-renewal of scientific knowledge is quite low. Among them, the Internet application level only scored 32.5 points. The Internet access rate is only 54.2%, the regular Internet access rate is only 17.4, and 45.7% of civil servants have "never been online." It can be seen that the biggest obstacle to the implementation of e-government is the lack of training, skills and knowledge of civil servants, and their lack of understanding of how to do e-government well in their own institutions. At present, the low information awareness and information skills of my country's civil servants are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) Weak information awareness and lack of sufficient understanding of e-government affairs. Many civil servants lack sufficient psychological preparation and knowledge preparation for the arrival of the information age. They are accustomed to working according to traditional government thinking and methods, and their ideological concepts cannot keep up with the progress of the knowledge economy era. In particular, they lack a comprehensive understanding of the positioning, goals, implementation strategies and approaches of e-government. They regard e-government as a simple "government online project". It seems that having a government website is e-government. In many places, the amount of information on "government websites" There are few, the content is updated slowly, and it only functions as a "publicity station". (2) Low information skills and lack of basic knowledge and application technology of e-government. According to a survey by Beijing Meiland Information Company, 78% of civil servants in Beijing mistakenly regard data, documents and other materials as computer software. This shows that the current civil service team not only has a gap in computer technology, but also has an even greater gap in network technology, office automation technology, and e-government application technology. Many civil servants only know how to operate simple computers. They only use the Internet to read news, chat, and play games. They do not know how to send and receive emails, FTP, or process official documents online. Most civil servants lack a systematic understanding of e-government affairs, lack systematic training in computer application technology, do not have a solid foundation, and do not know how to use computers to handle their work. (3) Lack of proper understanding of the composition, basic requirements, and basic structure of the e-government system. They do not understand the value and role of information technology and equipment, and do not know how to integrate technology and equipment in a friendly way to maximize the performance of technology and equipment. In other words, the optimal combination of man and machine cannot be achieved. The e-government system is a typical human-machine system, and its core is how to achieve the optimal human-machine integration. (4) Civil servants have psychological barriers to the implementation of e-government. On the one hand, most civil servants are accustomed to hierarchical management and issuing orders in traditional government affairs, and are worried that the development of e-government affairs will pose a threat to their own interests, so they have negative feelings of resistance; on the other hand, a large number of civil servants have not been educated in informatization and networking. Systematic training in computer technology is only piecemeal on-the-job training. The knowledge and skills are not adapted to the needs of e-government, and it is very difficult to learn. The negative attitude of “not knowing how to do and unwilling to learn” also affects the advancement of e-government. 4. Strengthening the training of civil servants is a top priority in promoting e-government. To promote e-government and promote national informatization construction, the most important thing is to train civil servants: (1) Training institutions should open e-government training courses of different levels and forms for civil servants as needed. The inner desire for self-reinvention is very urgent, and they show a strong cognitive tendency towards new knowledge, new ideas, and new things. The survey shows: When asked "If you have the opportunity to study or participate in training, would you be willing to participate and what knowledge needs to be improved most?" 100% of people expressed their willingness to participate, and 87.6% of people wanted to learn "computer operating procedures and network knowledge" . It can be seen that training is necessary. E-government is accompanied by the continuous development of information technology, and its training is continuous. To this end, courses should be opened according to different needs. The needs can be in the form of a questionnaire to present the latest information on the development of e-government, obtain the current technical status of civil servants, and set up different levels of training based on the survey results: 1. Basic layer: further consolidate the learning of basic e-government skills, such as proficiency in operating computers and application of government office software.

This level is mainly for civil servants with low computer proficiency. Judging from the training in previous years, some older civil servants have a certain degree of difficulty in learning, and the software and hardware facilities of e-government in remote areas with poor conditions cannot keep up. Civil servants feel There is no need to learn it. As the country increases investment in e-government software and hardware, the digital divide in our country is gradually narrowing, so training at this level should continue for a considerable period of time depending on the target. 2. Application layer: On the basis of proficiency in e-government skills, constantly update knowledge, learn and implement new national policies and regulations on e-government. As fresh blood continues to be injected into the civil service, the proportion of civil servants at this level is getting larger and larger. To this end, awareness of innovation and security prevention should be strengthened, and certain data analysis capabilities should be cultivated. At present, the "information island" problem in my country's e-government is still very serious. Civil servants at this level should participate in the integration of information and work hard to further improve the effectiveness of our country's e-government. This level should be the focus of current e-government training. 3． Technical layer: Have a high technical level, understand the core of the e-government system, and need to further strengthen the ability to build databases and data mining technology. Civil servants at this level are the backbone of the government's e-government. They have both "government level" and "electronic technology". They are responsible for using government systems to build a decision-making platform, and perform knowledge analysis and data mining to provide decision-making suggestions to the government. They are the information CIOs of government departments. In view of the fact that different levels of training have different objects and different abilities, the training methods used are also different. (2) E-government training is closely integrated with innovation capabilities. The implementation of e-government is not simply to transfer the existing government business, office, and service procedures to the computer intact, but to revamp the traditional work models, working methods, and working methods. innovation. This requires civil servants at all levels and types to have certain innovation capabilities. Technological innovation should be used to promote institutional innovation, institutional innovation should be used to ensure and promote technological innovation, administrative system reform should be promoted, and the policy environment should be optimized. New management methods and new technology support are needed. E-government has opened up a new space for my country's administrative system reform and other reforms, and provided a new technology platform. It can effectively improve supervision work, promote diligent and honest government work, help improve government services to society, improve government office efficiency, and promote the improvement of a policy environment conducive to innovation. (3) Increase security awareness education. At present, our government’s network security operation coefficient is relatively low, and its defense capabilities are very fragile, making it difficult to resist any form of electronic attack. According to investigation and analysis by relevant departments, after the "9.11" incident and during the Sino-US hacker war, government websites accounted for 41.5% of the websites in mainland my country that were attacked; 95% of network management centers connected to the Internet were attacked by hackers; central ministries and commissions involved More than half of the state secret networks do not meet the security and confidentiality standards stipulated by the state. In recent years, hacker attacks, computer crimes, and confidential leak cases in our country have been on the rise year by year. The largest criminal case caused economic losses of up to 21 million yuan. The Internet has accelerated the speed of leaks, expanded the scope of leaks, and increased economic losses. According to statistics, online leak cases account for 1/3 of the total leak cases. There are many reasons for the weakness of e-government security, which not only involve technical issues, but also involve regulations, policies, confidentiality, awareness, management and other social issues. For this reason, it is crucial to increase security awareness among civil servants. (4) Combining e-government training with civil servant recruitment. In view of the fact that the current number of people taking the civil service examination are younger and have a certain level of information technology, basic level training content can be included in the recruitment examination to reduce the electronic burden in the initial training of civil servants. Government training tasks