Reading Mao Chronicle (89): Mao Zedong on the Eve of the Long March

in p>1934, Mao Zedong was 41 years old.

In July, 1934, shortly after returning to Shazhouba from Huichang, he moved to Gaowei Yunshi Mountain in the west of Ruijin to avoid enemy bombing. At this time, the temporary central government and the Zhongge Military Commission moved to Meikeng Rock Back in the west of Ruijin.

The Hunan-Jiangxi revolutionary base area is shrinking day by day under the siege of the enemy, and the Red Sixth Army Corps is in a critical situation. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is discussing the action policy of the Red Sixth Army Corps.

At that time, Mao Zedong suggested to the Central Committee that the Central Red Army should go west, and "take a strategic attack instead, that is, advance to Hunan with the main force, not to Guizhou through Hunan, but to the central part of Hunan, and mobilize the Jiangxi enemy to Hunan to destroy it". The main person in charge of the Central Committee did not adopt Mao Zedong's opinion, but only agreed that the Gongliu Army should break through and move to central Hunan.

In late July, 1934, the Red 6 Army Corps was ordered to leave the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet Area and move to the central part of Hunan Province. 23, set up a military and political committee with Ren Bishi as chairman and Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen as members to lead the Red 6 Army. On August 7th, more than 9,7 people from the 17th and 18th divisions of the Red 6 Army Corps and the Red Army School set out for the Western Expedition from Hengshi and Xinjiangkou areas in suichuan county. On October 24th, he joined forces with the 3rd Army of Muhuang Tonghong (Red 2nd Army) in Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province.

in early September, because the front line was tight, he was worried day and night about the war situation, and he was uneasy about the war situation. He proposed to the Central Committee to inspect Yudu, and the Central Committee asked him to pay attention to the military situation. In the middle, I arrived in Yudu with my secretary and guards. Investigate the enemy's situation in Yudu, Ganxian and other areas, understand the situation of the Red Army and local armed forces in the Soviet area, understand the enemy's mobilization, and provide investigation for the central government to choose the strategic transfer March route.

On September 2th, Dufu telegraphed Zhou Enlai, reporting the enemy situation in Yudu, Ganxian and Dengxian (now in DuDu) in the southwest of the central revolutionary base area, and describing in detail where the enemy squads, landlords' armed forces and small bandits invaded or lurked; At the same time, report on the defense of the Red Army and local armed forces. Its task is to guard against enemy squads and quickly strike, expel and eliminate landlords and small bandits. Finally, it was reported that there was no red martial law in DuDu and Dengxian, and enemy spies were easy to get in and out. Now, we are stepping up efforts to set up day and night sentries and eliminate counter-revolutionaries in all districts in the southwest.

This telegram played a pathfinding role for the Central Committee to make a breakthrough from Yudu at the beginning of the Long March.

at the end of September, I suddenly suffered from malignant malaria during my busy work, and my high fever persisted for several days.

Zhang Wentian, chairman of the People's Committee, immediately sent Dr. Fu Lianzhang from Ruijin to Yudu. After treatment, Mao Zedong got sick just right, and began to look through the documents again. He said to Dr. Fu who dissuaded him: The situation is very tense, and rest is impossible.

in September, the Central Committee and the Central Red Army are ready to set out, make a strategic shift, and go to western Hunan and Hubei to join the Red Second and Red Sixth Army Corps.

in the first ten days of October, Lidu received a secret notice from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China that it was ready to transfer. Send guards to Marble Mountain in Ruijin to inform He Zizhen that the central authorities have approved her to set out with the troops and act together with comrades from the rest company of the General Ministry of Health. Mao Mao Jr. can only be entrusted to Mao Zetan and He Yi who stayed in the Central Soviet Area and insisted on guerrilla warfare. In the war environment, the child was fostered in the home of a local fellow villager and was never found again.

At the same time, Mao Zedong immediately rushed back to Ruijin Meikeng, called a meeting of the leaders of various ministries of the provisional central government, arranged the aftermath, announced and explained the decision to leave the central revolutionary base, and emphasized two points: first, the revolution has a future, and everyone should strengthen their revolutionary confidence; Second, we should do a good job in the aftermath of various ministries, so that the remaining comrades can better continue the revolutionary struggle and better contact with the masses. Subsequently, Mao Zedong returned to Yudu County.

At that time, Qu Qiubai, Minister of Education People's Committee, wanted to move with the main Red Army, but Bo Gu and others wouldn't let him go. Qu Qiubai asked Mao Zedong to talk to the Central Committee. Mao Zedong said, I have talked with them, but "I won't do anything".

before the transfer, I learned that Zhang Wentian had a problem with the top "three-person group" of the central government to disperse members of the Politburo, such as Zhang Wentian, Mao Zedong and Wang Jiaxiang, to various legions, and immediately proposed to the central government to arrange them together during the transfer, which was adopted by the "three-person group".

At that time, Zhang Wentian's dissatisfaction with Qin Bangxian's "Left" mistakes was expressed in a chat with Mao Zedong. Since then, Zhang Wentian has been close to Mao Zedong.

In October, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued a pamphlet entitled "Guerrilla War" written by Mao Zedong. At that time, this pamphlet was entitled "Instructions of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission on Guerrilla Action", with about 3, words and three chapters.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to set up the Central Branch of the Communist Party of China with Xiang Ying as its secretary and the Provisional Central Government Office of the Chinese Soviet Union with Chen Yi as its director to lead the Red 24th Division and the remaining 16, local troops who stayed in the central revolutionary base areas to persist in their struggle.

On October 1th, in the evening, the Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission led more than 86, people from the Red One, Red Three, Red Five, Red Eight and Hong Jiu Corps, the organs of the Central Committee and the Military Commission and the troops directly under it, and they started from Ruijin and other places, and were forced to implement a strategic shift.

On October 11th, the Central Military Commission issued an order to form the first field column with the Central Military Commission, the Red Army General Command, the General Political Department and its directly affiliated teams, and to act together with the main Red Army to form a field army, with Ye Jianying as the commander. Mao Zedong, Zhang Wentian and Wang Jiaxiang are in the central team of a column. Prior to this, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organized the central organs, government agencies, the logistics department of the Military Commission, trade unions, the Youth League and other units to form the second field column, with Li Weihan as the commander and political commissar.

On the evening of October 18th, Mao Zedong left the capital with the guard class and embarked on the Long March.

From the Gannan Conference in November 1931 to the Long March in October 1934, Mao Zedong was in a very difficult situation for three years. Although he served as the chairman of the Chinese Soviet government, he has actually been in adversity and suffered from continuous criticism and unfair treatment.

Mao Zedong has always been very calm and collected in these days. He sticks to the principle and never gives up his correct and practical ideas. At the same time, he takes the overall situation into account, observes discipline and continues to make his own contributions as far as possible.

Li Weihan, who witnessed all this, once described: "He insisted on three things: first, the minority obeyed the majority; The second is not negative: the third is to strive to do some work under the conditions permitted by the party. "