Dominate Asia and go global. Why is India's dream of a great country repeatedly frustrated? What is the reason behind deep parsing?

After the war swept through the whole World War II, the world formed a situation in which two camps headed by the United States and the Soviet Union developed in opposition, but with the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the world order has undergone earth-shaking changes.

During this period, some emerging countries rose, and at this time, India began to appear frequently in the eyes of the whole world.

By the end of 20 19, India's GDP has reached 2.85 trillion US dollars, ranking fifth in the world. Not only that, India, as the second most populous country in the world, has a huge demographic dividend.

With this advantage, India began to be fascinated by self-confidence and wanted to rise once and become an Asian power.

China is also a developing country. After the reform and opening up, its comprehensive national strength and economy have developed by leaps and bounds. It has only taken more than 70 years to develop from a "poor and white" country into a world power, while India is still standing still. Why is there such a big gap between the two countries?

So, will India's dream of a great country really come true?

What conditions does India need to meet to become a world power?

What is hidden behind the story? Today, let me take you into India.

Both India and China are populous countries, and both have experienced a history of modern humiliation. Although the founding of India 1947 was two years earlier than that of China, the economic aggregate of China and India was almost the same from the founding of the country to the 1990s.

However, after 1990, the Chinese and Indian economies opened a huge gap in an instant. By 20 19, China's GDP has reached 14.343 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world, while India only ranks fifth in the world.

In fact, as early as a decade ago, after India entered the western system, it was favored by western countries and would become the next world-class power. So what did Nehru, as the founding head of India, do to make western countries have such a view of India?

Originally, the Nehru family, according to the Indian caste system, was the top Brahmin caste. Because his father served in the British-Indian high court, Nehru's thought and lifestyle gradually changed under the influence of his father and the British.

16 years old, sent to study in the UK by his parents. Once, because of his excellent grades, he won a biography of garibaldi as a reward. It was this book that made him have his own political ambitions. Nehru, 19 10 graduated from Cambridge, went to London School of Internal Engineering and Law to study law, and didn't come back until 19 12.

After returning to India, Nehru became a lawyer, and at the same time devoted himself to the activities of the Congress Party, and also came into contact with Mahatma Gandhi through his father.

He is the leader of India's national liberation movement and the father of India, and his position is very high. Under the influence of Gandhi, Nehru went deep into the lower classes of India. After learning about the history and present situation of India, he resigned as a lawyer and devoted himself to the political activities of the Congress Party.

1920, the non-violent and non-cooperative movement initiated by Gandhi began, but it didn't last long. 192 1 year, some important members of the congress party were arrested and imprisoned by Britain, including Nehru.

In the following time, Nehru was imprisoned nine times, and the prison time added up to nearly nine years. With the long struggle in the past, many changes have taken place in Nehru's thought.

Nehru insisted that India should be "completely independent" and thought that it was impossible to achieve this goal simply by relying on non-violence and non-resistance. Secondly, in the late 1920s, Nehru visited Western Europe and the Soviet Union. During these two visits, he thought deeply about the capitalist model and the socialist model.

He was attracted by the socialist model of the Soviet Union, but he still had some shortcomings. India can imitate the Soviet Union to develop socialism, but it has to choose.

Since 1930s, Nehru gradually mastered the leadership of the Congress Party and began to lead the Indian independence movement.

With the unremitting efforts of the Indian people, 1947 finally ushered in India's independence in August, and Nehru also realized the first step of his dream of being a great country, and then India entered the Nehru era.

In order to change India's weak economic foundation at the beginning of its independence, Nehru carried out a series of policies to enhance India's economic strength, and first carried out an important reform-land reform.

The first is to abolish the statutory landlord system of firewood. During the British rule in India, Chamindar system was mainly adopted, and their private rights to land were recognized by law.

After the implementation of this law, the waste firewood amounted to 2.5 million, and/kloc-0.6 billion mu of land was taken over by the government. This shows that Nehru's reform of Chai Mingda is quite effective.

The second aspect of land reform is to limit the maximum amount of land owned. The Indian National Congress actually represents the interests of big capitalists and big landlords, but Nehru is willing to give up his own interests to carry out reforms for the dream of strengthening the country. However, since India's independence, local administration began to emulate the United States, and other members of the Congress Party pursued their own interests, which led to the failure to effectively implement this law.

So on the whole, Nehru's land reform was a failure. After the loss of agriculture, Nehru turned to military industry.

However, because the land problem has not been solved, a large number of people are firmly bound by the land, and there is no rich labor force entering the industrial field at all. Later, in the 1990s, the era of Nehru's daughter and grandson ended, and the new Indian government began to engage in a liberalized market economy. However, due to the land problem, we can't start industrialization, so we just skip industrialization and engage in the tertiary industry.

However, relying solely on the tertiary industry simply cannot feed India's population of more than one billion. After learning that the current Prime Minister Modi took office, he put forward a series of reform measures to develop the manufacturing industry, including reforming the traditional industrial structure and building the business environment needed for the development of the manufacturing industry. The purpose is to use a series of reforms to fundamentally develop the vitality of India's manufacturing industry and develop India into the center of the world manufacturing industry.

However, it has been proved that the contribution of manufacturing industry to the national economy and the level of internationalization have not only stagnated, but also regressed.

Fundamentally speaking, Modi's economic reform can not promote the fundamental change of manufacturing industry, just because the effect is superficial and lacks substantial change.

In fact, whether the manufacturing industry can develop smoothly does not depend entirely on the ownership of land, but the most influential factor is the land transfer system.

In India, the land expropriation law stipulates that if land is to be expropriated, 80% of the land owners must agree, and employment opportunities must be provided for landless farmers.

The original intention of legislation was not for urbanization and industrialization, but for the protection of land. Although it seems that this kind of legislation has played a positive role in India's independence, it has not taken into account the future social progress and development of India. This land system has seriously affected the demand of manufacturing enterprises for land and has become an insurmountable gap in industrial development.

Although Modi tried to reform the land expropriation law, he was strongly opposed by farmers and local forces.

Faced with enormous political pressure, Modi can only hand over the decision of this land reform to the government, and finally it will go away.

20 19, after Modi was re-elected, land reform was stopped, resulting in high land costs.

In addition to this problem, the problem of labor force is also very serious. It stands to reason that India is known as "the second most populous country in the world". However, with the continuous growth of India's population, while providing sufficient labor force, it has also seriously lowered India's per capita GDP.

According to statistics, from 20 14 to 20 19, India's labor force can only grow to about 4.4 million every year. At the same time, during the same period, the unemployment rate in India exceeded 6%, and the youth unemployment rate was as high as 20%.

Then why is this happening? The main reason is that the manufacturing industry cannot provide enough jobs, while the new jobs in India can only meet less than 20% of the demand of job seekers.

In fact, in addition to the backward manufacturing industry, it has a great impact on India's development and there is a shortage of funds. In the capital market, Modi's government has repeatedly asked American and domestic enterprises to invest and build factories in India, and at the same time boycotted goods made in China in India.

At the same time, the Modi government hopes to combat corruption, money laundering and the black economy including terrorism by abolishing banknotes, which shows that India is determined to fight corruption.

Objectively, however, the implementation of the Banknote Cancellation Order has also dealt a blow to individual industrial and commercial households that settle accounts in cash, resulting in the problem of difficult capital turnover and a great blow to India's economic growth.

On the whole, Modi's economy with manufacturing as its core still faces the problem of capital shortage, which has not brought substantial improvement to India.

At the same time, India's century-long caste system has also had an indelible impact on India's development. For a long time, many low-caste people can only work at the bottom.

Because the Indian people are resigned to the caste system and believe that a person's social status is determined by God.

In India, they divided the caste system and divided people into four classes. Among them, the mouth of primitive people became Brahman, and the arm became Khshatriya. Bark means thigh, so sudra is equivalent to foot. Later, with the development of the times, the "Dalit" class was derived, commonly known as "Dapu Rongsu" and also known as "Dalit".

In addition to hierarchy, they also proposed endogamy. In order to maintain the blood of high caste system and reduce the communication between high caste and low caste, it is also stipulated that high caste women can only marry high caste men and cannot cross classes, which further consolidates the caste system.

In India, the so-called "untouchable" cleaning workers, without any protective equipment, exchanged their lives for less than 30 yuan's income every day.

According to statistics, there is a cleaner in India every five days, and he is killed. Seeing this, many people will be curious. In the face of such a situation, no one resisted?

Here, we have to admire the top rulers of India. In order to make the caste system deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, they forced the belief in God to strengthen this system.

Apart from the caste system, India has also done a poor job in education. The level of education development in India is very uneven. There are only 3 million high-caste people in India who enjoy a good education, but for low-caste people, there is no chance to study at all, resulting in an illiteracy rate of 85% in India.

Although India is the only illiterate country in the world, the social status of women is still very high. I believe that anyone who has seen wrestling knows that in India, women have only 4.4 years of education on average and have no private space of their own. Before marriage, you must obey your father's arrangement and become a vassal of your husband after marriage.

According to statistics, about two-thirds of Indian women in this country need to rely on men to survive, which has also led to the long-term neglect of Indian women.

None of these internal factors directly hindered India's development, but how did China, which India has always regarded as an imaginary enemy, do it?

As we all know, both countries have ancient civilizations, but apart from the strength comparison, there are also great differences between the two countries in many aspects.

Some people say that India has a large population and its labor force advantage is naturally greater than that of China. So what is the real situation? By 2020, the population of India will be 65.438+0.38 billion, while that of China will be 65.438+0.465438+0 billion. Although India is a bit backward, its birth rate is about 7% higher than that of China, but its permanent population is similar, so it is only a matter of time before India's population exceeds that of China.

In fact, for India, the phenomenon of large population is not a good thing, but will be a major difficulty that India is about to face.

The land area of India is only 1/3 of that of China. In the long run, it is impossible to meet the growing demand with limited resources. Even under the current circumstances, India is still helpless on issues such as hunger, poverty and education.

But in the long run, the rapid population growth has greatly improved India's labor structure. In the 20 years from 2000 to 2020, the Indian labor force population increased from 60.1900 million to 876 million, while China increased from 870 million to 992 million, which fully demonstrated the advantages of China.

Judging from the level in 2000, the quality of Indian labor force population is far inferior to that of China. In education, China is also a big step ahead of India.

According to some data, when a British company ranked a university, it was found that among ten people, China occupied seven positions, but no one was on the list.

This shows that the Indian government once claimed to have hundreds of millions of English professionals and high-end technical talents, and its credibility is not high.

Therefore, although the labor force in China is decreasing, with the continuous upgrading of industries in China, the quality and quality of the labor force are constantly improving.

After several years of development, China has also made great progress in many high-tech fields and created many well-known international enterprises.

Let's talk about India's proud agriculture. In agriculture, India is the country with the largest cultivated land area in the world, with a grain output of about 300 million tons.

However, with the continuous improvement of technology in China, the grain output has reached a certain height in just six years.

It can be seen that the fundamental reason why the output of the two countries is so large is that the level of Indian agricultural science and technology lags far behind that of China.

In most Indian fields, farmers need to pick them themselves, but in China, seeders and harvesters are used instead of manpower, and advanced rice technology is adopted, which greatly improves the yield and efficiency.

However, in the case of such a big gap between the two, India insists on exporting in large quantities in the case of food shortage. On the other hand, although China has a bumper grain harvest, it still needs large-scale imports. Why is this?

First of all, India's primary goal is to solve the problem of food and clothing. Although food is important, it is equally important to promote economic development. Unlike China, India has a low-cost and powerful manufacturing industry.

In order to fill the economic gap, they can only starve and export food. China, on the other hand, has passed the problem of food and clothing, so it is going to a new stage.

Imported food can not only meet the growing food demand in China, but also improve the food structure of China people.

The development of our country has been significantly improved, and all this can not be separated from the efforts of our people and researchers.

After a period of development, India has also made a leap. So, is India really hopeful to become the next superpower? What are the innate conditions for becoming a big country?

As we all know, in human history, there have been three superpowers: the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.

To become a superpower, the first thing is population. No superpower can be less than 1 100 million people, otherwise its army is seriously inadequate. If the army is insufficient, it is impossible to suppress other countries and safeguard world hegemony.

Although India has reached this requirement in population, it is still a superpower in economic strength, with a certain gap.

Economy is the foundation to support the army. If the economic strength is weak, the military strength will be greatly affected.

Through various factors, we can easily find that whether India can be called the next superpower is still a very complicated problem. In the land of becoming a superpower, we in China still have a long way to go. So, can China become a superpower?

The answer is yes, but it is not a matter of time. Since the reform and opening up, China has made remarkable achievements in all aspects, with GDP ranking second in the world and people's living standards greatly improved.

But even if our country has made some brilliant achievements, there must be a long way to go before it can become a superpower.

Although American allies are all over the world and can reverse black and white in many things, it does not mean that the United States can stop the development of human history.

Judging from the development of superpowers, even if the country is strong, it needs to establish a circle of friends centered on itself. For example, during the Cold War, the capitalist camp and the Eastern bloc, and now the position of the United States in the international market.

If China does not break this situation and completely destroy American hegemony, it will be more and more difficult for China to become a superpower.

Today, China's science and technology has been in the forefront of the world, and it is even a leading representative of the world in some aspects.

In fact, it is not difficult to see from the analysis that China has such potential, which is the most consistent in terms of land area, abundant land resources, cultural influence, highly organized country, economic strength, political and military strength, scientific and technological strength and so on.

Our country is advancing steadily in all fields, which has made many people see great development potential and proved to the world that China's strength has been greatly developed.

The strength of China lies not in the stage visible to the naked eye, but in the fact that everyone in China has the characteristics of being fearless of difficulties and hardships and being brave in struggle. I believe that in the near future, China will definitely surpass the United States and become the largest country in the world.