Tell me about the legendary poetess in history (1)

In the long history, the number of poets is unknown. Although only a few are female poets, it is undoubtedly a big number. But most of them are not recognized by people. Then, who was the first female poet in history who could be tested concretely?

She is Mrs. Xu Mu. Mrs. Xu Mu (about 690 BC? ), Ji, daughter of Wei Gongzi (Wei), Xuan Jiang. Born in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chao Ge (now Qixian County, Henan Province), the capital of Weiguo. When I grew up, I married Duke Xu's country, hence the name.

There are three works of The Book of Songs handed down from generation to generation, namely Bamboo Rod, Spring Water and Zaichi. The poem Bamboo Pole describes the nostalgic life of Mrs. Xu Mu in her girlhood and her homesickness in a foreign country, but she often misses the country where her parents were raised. "Spring Water" describes Mrs. Wang's activities and worries about saving the motherland.

The most famous "Zaichi" embodies the heroic spirit of this legendary woman. At that time, the Northern Emperor invaded Wei, and when his wife heard the news of the demise of the motherland, she was extremely sad. She resolutely rushed to Cao Cao to pay her respects to Wei Hou, and wanted to control the great state to save Wei. On the way, after being chased by Dr. Guo Xu, his wife was very angry and wrote a poem "Zaichi", denouncing the petty officials and vulgar officials in Guo Xu and expressing a woman's determination to save the motherland regardless of her personal safety. When Qi Huangong got the news, he immediately sent his son to rescue Weiguo, and there was no loss, so that Weiguo avoided a disaster. Since then, the country has revived. The whole article is as follows:

Among the many poems in The Book of Songs, there are actually many female poets. For example, "self-protection" obviously comes from a poetess. Unfortunately, most poets (both men and women) left no names. Many explanations, such as Preface to Mao Shi, were attached to it.

Zhuang Jiang is the most famous poetess in the Book of Songs that we know today.

Zhuang Jiang was a princess of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jiang was the surname of Qi's royal family. Because she married Wang Wei Wei Zhuanggong, she was called Zhuang Jiang. A beautiful woman who first appeared in The Book of Songs was born in a noble family and was the daughter of a noble family. She was very beautiful. Zhuang Jiang was born in a noble family and married a monarch. He was beautiful when he got married. There is a poem "Shuo Ren" as evidence:

Among them, the phrase "hands are like soft fingers" is a peak in China's ancient poems praising women's looks. Enough to know the color of Zhuang Jiang.

Even so, Zhuang Qiang's future life is not happy. Because they had no children after marriage, they were left out in the cold, while ancient governors were fickle. Wei Zhuanggong later married Chen Guo's daughter Li Gui, and then married Li Gui's sister Dai Gui. Wei Zhuanggong has a bad temper and is indifferent to Zhuang Qiang. In a desolate place, Zhuang Jiang and Wei Zhuanggong's concubine Dai Fei became good friends. It is difficult for us to know what happened between two people. There is only one poem named Yan Yan, which bid farewell to our ancestors for thousands of years. You can imagine the profound friendship between them:

This poem was written when they parted, which was profound and painful. Those ecstatic people just left. In that era when news was difficult to convey, every parting could be a farewell. We can't help but marvel at the combination of Zhuang's beauty and talent, and also feel sorry for his ups and downs. According to Zhu's textual research, several other poems she wrote, such as Final Wind, White Boat, Green Clothes, Sun and Moon, are controversial and cannot be completely confirmed.

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In the Han Dynasty, The Book of Songs continued to develop as a traditional folk song. There are also many female poets whose names have not been recorded in this period. Privately, the most famous one is Shang Xie, which makes the gods cry:

As for the song "Ballad of Whitehead", "I wish to win the heart of one person, and never leave each other" is also one of its representatives. It was originally a folk song, written by some novelists for Zhuo Wenjun. Nineteen Ancient Poems represents the highest achievement of poetry in the Han Dynasty, which also contains "thinking about the monarch makes people old, why not come late?"

When it comes to female poets recorded in the Han Dynasty, we should first mention the Song of An Shifang written by Mrs. Tangshan, Liu Bang's favorite, which was a sacrificial song for Liu Bang in the Han Dynasty. The whole poem consists of seventeen chapters, mainly praising the newly established Han Dynasty, which is quaint and meaningful.

When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty married Wu Sun's princess Sara, she left a painful poem "Elegy" in a vast foreign country:

She only lived a lonely life in Wusun for five years, but if she wants to return to China, she will die in a hurry.

Ban Jieyu (48 BC-2 AD) was a poetess who won high historical evaluation in this period. She is the concubine of Liu Ao, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. She is good at poetry and has virtue. First a few ambassadors, but a tribute. There is a biography of her in the biography of Han consorts. She is also the grandparents of Ban Gu, Ban Chao and Ban Zhao. She has many works, but most of them have been lost. There are only three existing works, namely "Self-injury Fu", "Tao" and a five-character poem "Song of the Lost".

The whole poem "Song of the Fan" is as follows:

This poem is obviously a footnote to the lonely life of concubines. Because Emperor Hancheng doted on Zhao's sisters, their relationship with Emperor Hancheng became more and more alienated. Ban Jieyu then compared himself to a round fan. Since then, Tuan Fan has become a famous allusion, which has been quoted by scholars in past dynasties. For example, "If life is just like the first sight, what is the autumn wind painting fan" is from this allusion.

Similar to Sara's experience, the poetess who experienced ups and downs was Cai Wenji. Although many people know her from Kill of Three Kingdoms and the glory of the king, they don't necessarily know the wandering sorrow of this talented woman.

Cai Yan, Wen Xi, Evonne. A native of Pixian County, Chenliu County (now Qixian County, Henan Province), was the daughter of Cai Yong, a great writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The first time I married Wei Zhongdao, my husband died and went home. Later, due to the invasion of Xiongnu, Cai Yan was abducted by Xiongnu Zuo, married to Xiongnu, and gave birth to two children. Twelve years later, Cao Cao unified the north and redeemed Cai Yan with a large sum of money. Because she only redeemed herself, she had no choice but to say goodbye to her mother and son. Cao Cao later married Dong Si. History says "Wenxi belongs to Han".

At first, Dongsi was indifferent to this. Then Dong Si committed a capital crime, and Cai Yan went to Cao Cao to intercede. At that time, Cao Cao was hosting a banquet for officials and celebrities and said to all the guests, "Cai Yong's daughter is outside. Let everyone meet her today. " Cai Yan's long hair and bare feet, kowtowing and confession, clear words and sour emotions touched all the guests. However, Cao Cao said, "However, the documents for reducing the crime have been sent out. What should we do? " Cai Yan said, "There are thousands of good horses in your stable and countless brave foot soldiers. You also set aside a fast horse to save a dying life? " Cao Cao was finally moved by Cai Wenji and pardoned Dong Si. Dong Si also changed his attitude towards Cai Wenji, and they fell in love from then on.

Cai Yan is good at literature, music and calligraphy. Her masterpieces include Two Sorrow and Indignation and Eighteen Beats of Hu Jian Guqin Music, which are touching and sad. Poem of Sorrow and Indignation is the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem written by a scholar in the history of China's poetry, which begins with "The Han Dynasty lost power and influence, and Dong Zhuo was in chaos". It truly and vividly depicts the poet's tragic experience in the great turmoil at the end of the Han Dynasty, and it is also a record of the social turmoil and the tragic life of the people at the end of the Han Dynasty.

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As for the female poets in the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the famous ones are:

Zuo Bang, the sister of Zuo Si, a great writer, was brought into the harem by Emperor Sima Yan of Jin Dynasty because of her outstanding talent. But in fact, as a vase, it can't be loved all year round because of its ugly appearance. There are Poems of Feeling Separation and Poems of Thinking Separation, which I shared with my brother Zuo Si.

Xie Daowen, a talented woman, became famous for "not catkin because of the wind". After marrying Wang Xizhi's mediocre and pedantic son Wang Ningzhi, the marriage was not happy. In that era of speaking freely, she had profound attainments in Hyunri. The original poetry anthology has two volumes, and it has been lost since then. At present, there are only "Taishan Fu" and "Zhunlu Middle School Song Poetry Theory". The former is metaphysical poetry, and the latter is feeling that fate is impermanent.

Compared with several other female poets, Liu Lingxian and her husband Xu Tao have a very happy marriage, although they live far apart. Often communicate feelings with her husband through poetry. There are poems as evidence:

Xu Tao's "Give Inside":

Liu Lingxian's answer to foreign questions;

There is also an interesting poem "Guangzhai Temple":

Compared with those poems that describe life experiences and tell thoughts, this poem has more sense of plot and picture, and also gives people implicit reverie: in a quiet and deserted temple, men and women first flirt with each other in the long corridor, and then watch the "pandering" in the temple. ......

This poem is famous because it conforms to the nobility's admiration for palace poetry at that time. On the other hand, ancient women were not as bold and open as they are today, so they were criticized by later conservative Taoists.

After Xu Mao's death, he left a touching "Dedicated to Xu Jingye", the full text is as follows.

Bao is good at poetry, especially at copying ancient prose. She is the sister of Bao Zhao, a famous scholar. Zhong Rong commented: "Hui Ling's songs and poems are often ingenious." Antique is the best, but Hundred Wishes is obscene. Because of his poor family, he grew up with his brother Bao Zhao. Since Bao Zhao became an official, he has been thinking about his sister. This year, when he came to Jiangzhou to take office, he couldn't wait to write a "Dead End" of Deng An and Shu Jie, telling what he saw and felt during his trip:

And warned her:

Bao replied to his brother:

A year later, in the spring, Bao Zhao still didn't return as scheduled, so Bao wrote a poem "Showing pedestrians", which was elegant, simple and touching:

Han nationality, Wuxian people. A celebrity like Bao has few stories. Emperor Xiaowu of Song presented "Zhongxing Fu" and was awarded to the palace for his talent and knowledge. After staying in the palace for a long time, I became a doctor and taught Liugong calligraphy. Palace is called "Han Palace" because of its age and knowledge. Zhong Rong praised the cloud: "Lan Ying is very close and famous all over the world." It can be seen that his literary talent. It's a pity that the collection has been lost, and there is only one poem left at present:

Su Hui, the word Lan Ruo. Since childhood, I have learned Chinese at the age of three, poetry at the age of five, painting at the age of seven, embroidery at the age of nine, brocade at the age of twelve and graceful at the age of sixteen. I married Tao Dou from the Qin Zhou Secretariat. At the age of twenty-one, love is in crisis. In order to save her husband Tao Dou's feelings, she created a tapestry palindrome poem "The Map of Xuan Ji", which has been passed down through the ages. Wu Zetian personally narrated this legendary story for the preface:

"Xuan Ji Map" is a collection of palindrome poems, with a total of 84 1 word, 29 words in vertical and horizontal directions, one word in vertical and horizontal directions, one word in oblique directions, one word in interactive directions, one word in positive direction, one word in reverse direction, one word in reverse direction and one word in overlapping direction, all of which can become poems, with three, four, five, six and seven words, which is very wonderful. Since its birth, countless scholars have been fascinated by it, and Su Shi also wants to imitate it.

(Su 19 15 vertical axis ink paper)

To be continued.