Disciple: If you enter, you will be filial, and if you leave, you will be younger. What do you mean?

Students and children are filial to their elders and teachers at home, and brothers live in harmony when they go out, respecting and caring for each other.

Confucius said, "Disciples (1) are filial when they enter (2) and young when they leave (3). They are sincere (4) and believe that they love others (5) and they are kind (6). If they have spare capacity (7), they will study literature (8). "

To annotate ...

Disciple (1): Generally speaking, there are two meanings: one is a younger brother and the other is a son; The second refers to students. Here is a kind of "disciple"

(2) Entering: In ancient times, father and son lived in different places and studied abroad. "Book of Rites Neize": "From the order of men to the top, father and son are different palaces". Entering is entering the father's palace, that is, entering the father's house or home.

(3) Going out: as opposed to "entering", it means going out to learn from teachers. Being a younger brother means treating teachers with younger brothers, and it can also refer to people older than yourself.

(4) Sincerity: Few people call it sincerity.

(5)□: The sound fàn has the same meaning and a wide range of meanings.

(6) Benevolence: Benevolence means benevolence, and people with benevolence.

(7) spare capacity: that is, having leisure time.

(8) Text: ancient literature. There are mainly cultural knowledge such as poetry, calligraphy, ceremony and music.

translate

Confucius said: "Disciples are filial to their parents; When you are away from home, you should obey your teachers, be cautious in words and deeds, be honest and trustworthy, behave yourself, love everyone widely, and be close to benevolent people. After practicing like this, if you still have spare capacity, you will study literary knowledge again. "

Comment and analysis

Filial piety is mentioned in the second chapter of this paper, and it is mentioned again in this chapter. Confucius asked his disciples to devote themselves to filial piety, faith, love for the masses, kindness, and cultivate good moral concepts and behaviors. If they still have leisure time and spare capacity, they will use it to study ancient books and increase their cultural knowledge. This shows that Confucius' education is centered on moral education, focusing on cultivating students' moral cultivation, and the study of book knowledge is second.

In running a school, Confucius put the cultivation of students' moral concepts in the first place, and cultural learning was only the second. In fact, any class in history, whether it is the slave owner class, the landlord class or the bourgeoisie, education serves its politics, paying special attention to students' moral conduct and political performance, and putting "morality" before "knowledge", which is the need of the class. They just want to train all kinds of talents to meet the requirements of their own class.

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