Key points of spring tobacco cultivation

Tobacco can grow on a variety of soils, but as a commercial tobacco leaf, it is very sensitive to soil conditions, and the quality of tobacco leaves produced on different soils varies greatly. In actual production, we often encounter such a problem: the quality of tobacco leaves collected by tobacco farmers is acceptable from the appearance, but once tested, the quality is very poor. This is mainly due to the lack of attention to soil texture and nutrient status in tobacco-growing areas. Only pay attention to fertility and drainage irrigation, not to nutrient content and soil texture. It is these factors that have the greatest influence on tobacco quality. Therefore, in the arrangement of technical measures and the guidance of production technology, the chlorine content in soil should be strictly controlled below 0.2%, and the soil texture should be planted in fields with heavy viscosity and moderate humus content. Pay attention to stubble crops.

Variety selection

Attention should be paid to the requirements of varieties for environmental conditions. New varieties such as K326, K346, RGll, Yunyan 85 and Yanyan 97 were selected. These varieties are sensitive to environmental conditions such as low temperature, drought, waterlogging and lack of fertilizer. These characteristics should be paid attention to in cultivation technical measures.

Fine soil preparation, timely sowing and timely transplanting.

The seedbed and field should be leveled, the ratio of seedbed to field should be 1: 25 ~ 35, and the standard bed length× width of the bed should be1×1,which is north-south oriented, which is beneficial to drainage and ventilation and reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases. 65438+February sowing date is more suitable. The sowing amount is 0/50g per standard plot/kloc-0 (about 1.2 ~ 1.5 million grains). For permeable sowing, the soil after sowing should be thin but not thick, and 1 mm is appropriate. The seedling age is controlled at 60 ~ 65 days. Seedling height 10 ~ 12 cm, 8 ~ 9 true leaves. Before winter, it is necessary to turn over the land to facilitate soil maturation and reduce the wintering base of pests and diseases. Apply enough base fertilizer early. Double-hole ridge, the inner and surface soil of ridge is finely divided. Pay attention to the orientation of the whole frame to facilitate light transmission, wind resistance and drainage.

Pay attention to field management and cultivate excellent high seedling rack

(1) seedling management. Pay attention to water management and pest control. From emergence to hybridization stage, watering, keeping the border surface dry and wet alternately, black and white, and thinning at the same time. The principle of sparseness is to remove the big, small, medium, weak, sick and strong ones. When five real leaves grow, keep them at the heel with a nutrition bag and keep them moist and warm. The main pests and diseases at seedling stage are black cutworm and wild slug. Spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon solution on the black cutworm, and spraying a proper amount of quicklime powder on the seedbed of wild slugs.

(2) On-site management. Reasonable close planting, planting 667 square meters 1 100 plants, evenly mixing with fertile soil, deep planting of tobacco seedlings without exposing stems, close planting in sunny days, loose planting in rainy days, watering the roots of feet after planting, and timely checking and replenishing seedlings. In the case of insufficient base fertilizer, topdressing 13 ~ 15 kg of chlorine-free compound fertilizer or 30 ~ 40 kg of cake fertilizer every 667 square meters during tree planting. The flourishing period is the focus of field management, which will directly affect the quality and yield of tobacco leaves. In the prosperous period, the soil should keep enough moisture and the soil surface should be kept moist. If there is too much water, it is necessary to clean up the ditches and drain them in time to prevent waterlogging, so as to promote control rather than drainage. It is necessary to prevent the soil from being short of water and from growing in vain. Generally, early flowers are not topdressing. Pay attention to prevent premature flowering and dry bottom. At maturity, topping is mainly used to inhibit buds. Generally, the number of leaves per plant is 65,438+08 ~ 20. Soak the axillary buds with 33% Buyatong EC diluted 80 ~ 65,438+000 times.