Chinese in the second grade of primary school, check the development history of manned spacecraft in China,

Since the launch of 1992 manned spaceflight project, China has made continuous breakthroughs in spaceflight, becoming the third country in the world to independently master manned spaceflight technology, conduct space experiments and carry out extravehicular activities.

Shenzhou I

Achieve a breakthrough in heaven and earth.

1999165438+1In the early morning of October 20th, the first unmanned experimental spacecraft launched by China's manned spaceflight project was successfully launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Base and returned to the ground after a flight of 2 1 hour.

Little known is that the "pioneer officer" of this manned spaceflight project was actually temporarily modified from the electrical performance test spacecraft used for ground tests. As another milestone in China's space history, the successful launch and recovery of the Shenzhou-1 experimental spacecraft marks a new major breakthrough in China's manned space technology.

Shenzhou II

China's first unmanned spacecraft prototype.

At 200111619: 22, China's second unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou II, landed successfully in central Inner Mongolia. At this point, the spacecraft flew in space for 7 days as scheduled. Around TT&C and recycling of spacecraft, TT&C personnel in China fought a decisive battle in space and started intense work.

Shenzhou II is the first prototype unmanned spacecraft, which consists of three parts: orbital module, return module and propulsion module. Its technical state is basically the same as that of manned spacecraft. Its launch is completely carried out according to the environment and conditions of manned spacecraft, and all the equipment related to astronauts' life support are basically genuine.

Shenzhou III

Safety improvement of manned space flight

On March 25th, 2002, Shenzhou III was launched and returned to the ground at 4 1.

Shenzhou III spacecraft is equipped with human metabolism simulator, anthropomorphic physiological signal equipment and human dummy, which can quantitatively simulate astronauts' important physiological activity parameters such as breathing and blood circulation. The spacecraft worked normally, all the scheduled test targets were achieved, and the test was a complete success.

Compared with the first unmanned spacecraft "Shenzhou II", the launch of "Shenzhou III" spacecraft adopted many new advanced technologies in the launch vehicle, spacecraft and launch measurement and control system, which further improved the safety and reliability of manned space flight.

Shenzhou IV

Breaking the historical record of low temperature launch in China.

From June 5438 to February 2002, "Shenzhou IV" was successfully launched at 0: 30 on the 30th, breaking the historical record of low-temperature launch in China. On June 5, 2003, the spacecraft returned safely and completed all the scheduled test contents.

On the basis of the successful flight tests of Shenzhou-1, Shenzhou-2 and Shenzhou-3, Shenzhou-4 spacecraft was further developed, and its configuration, function and technical status are basically the same as those of manned spacecraft. Shenzhou IV spacecraft is the fourth unmanned spacecraft, which consists of propulsion module, return module, orbital module and additional module. During the flight, the spacecraft has completed the tasks of earth observation, material science, life science experiment, space astronomy and space environment detection.

Shenzhou v

China's first astronaut went into space.

On June 5th, 2003, China's first manned spacecraft, Shenzhou 5, was successfully launched. Yang Liwei, the first astronaut in China, became the first China tourist in the vast space.

Shenzhou 5's 2 1 hour 23-minute space trip marks that China has become the third country in the world to independently carry out manned space activities after Russia and the United States.

Shenzhou VI

Realize the task of "multi-person and multi-day"

June 65438+1October 65438+February 2005, China's second manned spacecraft "Shenzhou VI" was successfully launched, and the astronaut fee and Nie Haisheng were successfully sent into space. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/7, after a space flight of 1 15 hours and 32 minutes, the spacecraft's return capsule landed smoothly.

Shenzhou VI is the second spaceship carrying astronauts in China and the first manned spaceship carrying out the mission of "many people and many days". This is also the 243rd space flight of mankind in the world. The spacecraft carried out the first multi-person and multi-day flight test of China's manned spaceflight project, and completed the space science experiment in which China really participated.

Shenzhou vii

The astronauts left the cabin and walked in space.

On September 25th, 2008, China's third manned spaceship "Shenzhou VII" was successfully launched, and three astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng, were successfully launched.

Shenzhou VII spacecraft carries three astronauts, namely Zhai Zhigang (commander), Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng. The astronauts of the alternate echelon of Shenzhou VII spacecraft are Chen Quan (commander), Fei and Nie Haisheng. The main task is to carry out the first extravehicular activity of China astronauts, and at the same time carry out space science and technology experiments such as satellite accompanying flight and satellite data relay.

On the 27th, Zhai Zhigang wore the "Tian Fei" extravehicular spacesuit developed by China.

Shenzhou VIII

Will dock with "Tiangong No.1"

With the successful launch of Tiangong-1, China will launch Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 in turn.

A spokesman for China's manned spaceflight project announced that the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft will be launched in the second half of 20 1 1 to carry out the first unmanned rendezvous and docking flight test in China.

"Shenzhou VIII" spacecraft is the eighth spacecraft in China Shenzhou series. Li Yili, researcher of China Academy of Space Technology and chief designer of shenzhou spaceship, revealed that Shenzhou-8 is unmanned and has made great improvement, but it has not been announced yet.

According to the mission planning of the rendezvous and docking phase of the project, whether "Shenzhou 9" is manned or not can not be decided until the mission is comprehensively evaluated after "Shenzhou 8". "Shenzhou 10" plan is manned flight. It is also revealed that female astronauts are expected to appear in the docking of Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-10 spacecraft. Two female astronauts from China are already doing relevant training.

Shenzhou 9

The Shenzhou-9 spacecraft was successfully launched at 18: 37 on June 20th, and China astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang and Liu Yang will stay in the "Tiangong" for the first time. Liu Yang, 33, also became the first woman in China to fly into space.

The Long March II F-9 rocket carrying the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft took off from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This is the165th launch of the Long March rocket and the fourth manned flight of shenzhou spaceship. [2]

Shenzhou ten

On June 20th 1738, Beijing time, the China Long March II F carrier rocket ignited and took off at the manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center to launch the Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft. Chinese astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang and Wang Yaping took the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft into space.

Compared with shenzhou spaceship in the past, Shenzhou-10 is the first application flight of China manned space transportation system. After the spacecraft was put into orbit, an automatic rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1 and a manual rendezvous and docking with astronauts were carried out in accordance with the scheduled procedures. During the flight of the assembly, astronauts stationed in Tiangong-1 to carry out space medical experiments, technical experiments and space teaching activities.

old name for China

Shenzhou XI manned spacecraft was launched at 7: 30 on June 20 16, 20 17, 20 17 16 in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, China, in order to better master the space rendezvous and docking technology, and carry out Earth observation, space earth system science, new space application technology and space technology. Shenzhou XI was launched by the Long March II carrier rocket.

The flight crew consists of two male astronauts, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, with Jing Haipeng as the commander. Shenzhou XI spacecraft was developed by China Academy of Space Technology. After two days of independent flight, the spacecraft automatically docked with Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory to form a combination.

Shenzhou XI is the transition from the second step to the third step of China's manned spaceflight project, preparing for the construction of a manned space station in China. Shenzhou XI is the sixth manned mission in China and the longest manned mission in China, with a total flight time of 33 days. In the early morning of 20161kloc-0/9, the shenzhou XI spacecraft successfully rendezvous and docked with tiangong-2.