A standard interpretation of the poem Hope in Spring

Notes on the title or background of a book.

This is a five-character poem, written in the second year of Zhide (757). The poet was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and trapped in Chang 'an.

Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers were still broken and ruined, but the land was desolate in spring. At this time of homesickness in adversity, he couldn't help feeling deep sorrow and emotion.

Sentence solution

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, Chang 'an is empty, sparsely populated and densely vegetated. The first couplet focuses on the overall situation and is a tragic pen. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and a word "deep" makes people sad. The laws of nature will not change with the changes of the times. The contrast between the present personnel and the eternal time and space makes the poet feel more desolate and lonely, so that all he sees are mountains and rivers, vegetation and an empty outline. Sima Guang's "Wen Gong's Continued Poems" said: "There are mountains and rivers, and there is nothing left in Ming Dynasty; The vegetation is deep and there is no one in the Ming Dynasty. " This couplet is a description of scenery, but it is actually lyrical, with feelings attached to objects and scenes. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng praised this couplet in "Tang Yin Gui Qian": "The antithesis is not refined, and it changes vertically and horizontally. The more rigid, the more subtle, the more subtle and ingenious."

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

Sentimental about national affairs, in the face of flowers, tears can't help but splash, relatives are separated, birds are thrilling, and their feelings increase their resentment. Love starts from a small place, because of the scenery, and the scenery moves with the feelings. There are two interpretations of its meaning: one is Bi Xing's writing. The poet is sad for the broken country and the departure of his loved ones, so he cries when he sees flowers and is afraid when he hears birds singing. On the other hand, it is anthropomorphic with flowers and birds, which makes flowers cry and birds surprised. Both of these theories can be used to show the poet's deep feelings about time and his hatred of parting. Wonderful metaphor is really rare. Sima Guang commented in "Wen Gong Xu Shi": "It is more valuable than words and makes people think deeply."

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and there is little news from home. A letter is worth tens of thousands of ounces of gold. The first sentence on the neck joint says that the war is long, and the next sentence says that the news is isolated. Although I was talking about myself, I accurately summarized the empathy of my loved ones in the war and expressed human nature, which later became the common language for people to express their hope for a letter from home in chaos. Yu Dafu's fifth "Gift": "A paper letter from home is worth a ton of gold, Shaoling, touching." Company March, from the Anshi Rebellion in November in the 14th year of Tianbao (755) to the writing of Spring Hope, happened to be two March, so it was called Company March.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Worried, scratching my head, my white hair is getting shorter and shorter, and my hair is falling off. It's short and few, so it won't fit in. The former couplet was about worrying about the country and the family. This couplet is about deep sorrow and tragic situation. "Whitehead" is born of worry, and "scratching" means scratching, which means being upset. "Shorter", the degree of worry is getting deeper and deeper. In addition to the destruction of the country and the death of the family, it is a kind of sadness and adds a layer of sadness. Du Yi of Wang Siyuan in the late Ming Dynasty said: "If you leave a word behind, you will want to save the world and harm yourself." "Hun desire" is simply necessary. "hairpin", a long needle used by the ancients to fix a bun or crown, later specifically refers to women's jewelry with a bun.

Comments and explanations

This is a masterpiece with profound patriotism and people's concern. Its meaning runs through but not straight, the scene is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, the whole poem is only forty words, but it is intriguing to read.

The first two couplets of the poem are about the defeat of Spring City, full of sighs; The last two couplets are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The first two couplets all take the word "Wang", and the poet looks down, and the line of sight is from near to far, from far to near, and the field of vision is from the city to mountains and rivers, and then from the whole city to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from eagerly watching the scenery to bowing his head and meditating, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.

Among them, the tie, because it tells the same feelings as future generations under similar circumstances, has become a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.

Appreciation of poetry and prose:

From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard that Tang Suzong had acceded to the throne in Lingwu, so he settled down in Qiang Village of Langzhou and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year.

The first four sentences of the poem are all written in defeat and full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.

"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers remain the same, the grass is littered with trees, and the word "broken" makes people stunned. Then a word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said, "There are mountains and rivers, but there is nothing left in Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly writes about scenery, but actually expresses his feelings, places his feelings on things, and entrusts his feelings to scenery. It creates an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying: "Duality is not refined, but it changes vertically and horizontally, becoming more and more stereotyped, heavy and implicit, and taking justice from nature. Tang Yin Guiqian Volume 9

"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.

The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". The poet looks at it from near to far, from far to near, from city to mountains and rivers, and then from city to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.

"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." Since the Anshi Rebellion, "fire is hard to learn, and letter is hard to believe." Until now, at the end of March, the war is still going on. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" wrote the long-awaited anxiety of news isolation. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages.

"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the decadent scene in front of me. I didn't feel bored either. I scratched my head and felt my hair was sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.

This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the feeling is strong but not floating, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it rises and falls with the five laws, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.