Autumn night, January day bid farewell to ancient grass, ancient poetry

Don Dumu

Silver candle Qiu Guang cold painting screen,

A small fan flies to the firefly.

Day and night are as cool as water,

Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.

Du Mu (803-853 AD), whose real name was "Fan Chuan lay man", was called Du. Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi) was a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. (Source: Zhongshu Province is also called the province, so it is called "Du") In the late Tang Dynasty, Tang writers later called Du Fu "Lao Du" and Du Mu "Xiao Du". A (Mu) Fu is also quite famous.

Outstanding poet and essayist, grandson of Prime Minister Du You, son of Du You. In the second year of Daiwa, Tang Wenzong, a 26-year-old scholar, was awarded the post of Hong Wen Pavilion. Later, I went to Jiangxi to observe the envoys, turned to Huainan to observe the envoys, and then entered the envoys. Xi Chui Zhun, the Ministry of Food, Bibi Department and Si Xun, served as the secretariat of Huangzhou, Chizhou and Zhou Mu, and finally became the official of Chinese calligraphy. Outstanding poets in the late Tang Dynasty, especially those famous for their seven-character quatrains, mainly expressed their feelings by chanting history. Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from Du Fu and Li Bai, the poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu were called "Little Du Li".

To annotate ...

(1) autumn night: autumn night.

⑵ Silver candle: a kind of delicate silver candle.

⑶ Small fan with light thread: round fan with light thread.

(4) Day sequence: Palace steps descending from the sky. Another version of Riling is Tianjie.

5. Sit and watch: Sit and watch. Another version of "Sit and watch" is "Lie and watch".

translate

In the autumn night, the delicate silver candle emits faint light, which adds a bit of cool color to the painting screen; A maid-in-waiting was holding a small fan and patting the flying fireflies. The day and night order is as cool as water; Sitting on the sofa and looking up at the starry sky, I saw Altair looking at Vega from far away.

This poem is Wang Jian's. This poem is about the lonely life and desolate mood of frustrated maids.

The first two sentences have painted a picture of life in the palace. On an autumn night, the white candle gives off a faint light, adding a dim and cold tone to the picture on the screen. At this time, a lonely maid-in-waiting was flapping the flying fireflies with a small fan. This sentence is very implicit and contains three meanings: first, the ancients said that rotten grass turned into fireflies. Although unscientific, fireflies were always born in those desolate places between grass graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where maids live, and the bleak life of maids can be imagined. Secondly, we can imagine the loneliness and boredom of the maid-in-waiting from her flapping fireflies. With nothing to do, she had to release fireflies to amuse her lonely years. She beat the firefly with a small fan, and suddenly seemed to want to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but what's the use? Thirdly, the small fan in the hand of the maid-in-waiting is symbolic. Fans were originally used for cooling in summer, but they are useless in autumn. Therefore, autumn fan is often used as a metaphor for abandoning a wife in ancient poetry. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the princess of Emperor Han, was once demoted by Zhao Yanfei. After falling out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Li Sao": "The new Soviet Union is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze. I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " This statement may not be credible, but when there are round fans and autumn fans in poetry, they are often associated with women who have fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn: "Give a broom to open the Golden Palace and make a round fan wander", and Wang Jian's "Teasing in the Palace": "A round fan, a round fan, a beauty's illness covers her face" are all the same. Du Mu's poem "Light a Small Fan" also symbolizes the fate of the maid-in-waiting who holds the fan being abandoned.

The third sentence, "the day is sequential and the night is as cool as water." "Day steps" refer to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" means that the night is deep and the chill attacks people. It's time to go into the house and sleep. But the maid-in-waiting still sat on the stone steps, looking up at the Altair and Vega on both sides of the Tianhe River. According to folklore, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven. She marries the cow and petunia and meets him once a year when crossing the river on Qixi, with a magpie as the bridge. The "distant Altair" in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Han Dynasty is to write their stories. The maid-in-waiting watched Penny Weaver for a long time and didn't want to sleep at night, because the story of Penny Weaver touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience and made her yearn for sincere love. It can be said that it is full of worries and expectations.

Mei Yu Sheng said: "It is bound to be difficult to write. If there are endless opinions at present, it would be best at that time." (See Poem on June 1st) These two sentences just illustrate the artistic features of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery and present the scenery of the deep palace autumn night to the readers very realistically. The word "cold", as an adjective used in verbs, is full of atmosphere. The metaphor of "cool as water" has not only color, but also temperature. Two or four sentences about ladies-in-waiting are implicit and intriguing. Although there is not a lyric in the poem, the complex feelings of the ladies-in-waiting intertwined with sorrow and expectation are beyond words, which reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from one side.

The first day of the lunar month

? Wang Song Anshi

Except for the one-year-old in firecrackers,

The spring breeze brings warmth to Tusu.

Thousands of families are dying,

Always trade new peaches for old ones.

January: The first day of the first lunar month.

2. One year apart: One year has passed.

3. Tu Su: Tu Su wine. In ancient times, there was a custom that every year on New Year's Eve, the family made wine with Tusu grass, hung it in the well, and took it out on New Year's Day, so the whole family drank oriental Tu Su wine. In a word, the spring breeze blows the heating into Tu Su wine (meaning, after drinking Tu Su wine, I feel that spring has come warmly).

4. Hey: Great. In short, the morning sun shines on the whole family.

5. Always replace the new peach with the old symbol: always replace the old symbol with the new symbol. Fu Tao is made of peach wood. In ancient times, every household painted two statues with two mahogany boards and hung them on the gate, saying that they could exorcise demons.

Translation:

In the sound of firecrackers, the old year was sent away and the new year was ushered in. When people drink delicious Tu Su wine, there is a warm spring breeze sidewalk, which is very pleasant! At dawn, every family took off their old peach charms and put on new ones to welcome the New Year.

Appreciation of famous sentences-"Thousands of families always change new peaches into old ones every day."

This poem describes the scene of people celebrating the Spring Festival in the Song Dynasty: the spring breeze warmed them, the rising sun rose, every family lit firecrackers, and the whole family was busy taking off the old peach symbol on the door and replacing it with a new symbol with a door god. The author chose these typical scenes of the Spring Festival, showing a folk picture with a strong flavor of life. Song people especially like to express their political ambitions and philosophical views through poetry. As a prime minister, Wang Anshi is carrying out drastic reforms. Therefore, the lines of this poem are full of his firm belief and optimism about getting rid of the disadvantages of the times and implementing the new law. Expressed his smug mood.

Enjoy 1:

This poem describes the scene of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new in the Spring Festival. A piece of firecrackers sent away the old year, drinking mellow Tu Su wine and feeling the breath of spring. The rising sun shines on thousands of families, and every family's peaches are replaced with new ones.

"January 1st" is the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar. This is an impromptu work about welcoming the New Year in ancient times. Based on folk customs, it sensitively absorbs the typical materials of ordinary people during the Spring Festival and captures the representative details of life: setting off firecrackers, drinking Tu Su wine and changing peach symbols, which fully shows the joyful atmosphere of the New Year Festival and is full of rich life breath.

"Firecrackers are one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Setting off fireworks on New Year's Day has been a custom since ancient times and continues to this day. It refers to the New Year wine made of grass or several herbs in ancient China. In ancient customs, every year on the first day of the first month, the whole family drank Tu Su wine, and then wrapped the dregs in red cloth and hung them on the doorframe to "exorcise evil spirits" and avoid the plague. With the firecrackers, the old year passed. People drink festive Tu Su wine and feel that spring is coming warmly.

The third sentence, "Every family lives", inherits the previous poems, which means that every family is bathed in the light of the early spring sunrise. "Tomorrow" refers to the sunrise from darkness to light. The last sentence describes the forwarding discussion. Fu Tao: It refers to a mahogany board painted with two gods, God Tea and Lei Yu, or with their names written on it, which is hung on the door in the early morning of the first day of the first month of the first month to ward off evil spirits. This is also an ancient folk custom. "Always replace new peaches with old symbols" is a sentence pattern of compression and ellipsis. The new peach omits the word "character" and the old character omits the word "peach", which are used alternately because of the limitation of words per sentence. It means: the old peach character is replaced by the new peach character. The change of peach characters reveals the theme of "getting rid of the old and getting rid of the new"

In fact, the artistic conception and reality expressed in this poem also have its own symbolic significance. It is a metaphor and praise for the successful implementation of the new law. This poem eulogizes the birth of new things, and is as full of vitality as Spring Breeze Warming Up. It also contains profound philosophy, pointing out that new things always replace declining things.

? Say goodbye to the ancient grassland

(Tang) Bai Juyi

The long grass is so lush that the withered grass will thicken the color of the grass every autumn and winter.

Wildfire can't burn it out, but the spring breeze can revive it.

Weeds and wild flowers are all over the ancient road, and the end of the grass in the sun is your journey.

I once again sent my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.

To annotate ...

(1) Dedication: Add the word "Dedication" to the title of the specified and limited poem.

② Separation: The appearance of lush vegetation. Original: vilen.

3 wither: wither.

4 Rong: Shengshi.

⑤ Fiona Fang: The grass stretches farther and farther.

⑥ Infringement: occupation and concealment. Ancient Road Invasion: A weed extending far away invaded the ancient road.

⑦ Green: Green grass in the sun.

8 Desert City: A desolate and broken town. Together with the ancient road in the previous sentence, it is used to touch the original scenery.

Pet-name ruby: This refers to the descendants of nobles, and this refers to friends far away.

Attending: Describe lush vegetation.

translate

Yuan Ye is covered with green grass. It withers every year, but it will flourish again.

No matter how ruthless the flame burns. As long as the spring breeze blows the next year, there are green weeds everywhere.

A distant weed occupied the ancient road. On a sunny day, the sun shines green and connects this deserted city.

Today, I have come to bid farewell to my old friend. Even the lush grass is full of feelings of parting.

This was written by the author when he was sixteen. It was originally an exam exercise, but because it was done well, it became his famous work. According to Tang Zhanggu's advocating leisure, the author visited Gu Kuang, a famous man at that time, when Gu Kuang first entered Beijing. Gu joked in the name of "Juyi": "Rice is expensive and easy to live." When I read his poem "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high", I couldn't help admiring: "In a word, living easily!" Therefore, it is widely praised. According to the standard of "unique", the structure of this poem can be described as rigorous and appropriate: the first four sentences are written as "grass on the original" and the last four sentences are written as "farewell to the ancient road". However, the beauty of this poem goes far beyond this. This is a masterpiece, really because it is meaningful-praising a tenacious and uplifting life spirit.

This is an ode to weeds, and then an ode to life. The weeds left and they continued to grow. Separation is the trend of growth; It is the rhythmic process of his life, meaning regularity and eternity. However, immortality will not last in mediocrity. The poet burned it in a raging fire, and verified its tenacious vitality in the comparison between the heroes who destroyed and lived forever. Wildfire burning symbolizes the hardships and tests of life; They are tall again in the spring breeze, saying that he is indomitable and persistent; Invading the ancient road and connecting the barren city is pervasive and unstoppable. The first four sentences of the poem show the diachronic beauty of the life of weeds; The last four sentences focused on the beauty of * * *. Such weeds are qualified to be the symbol of all life in the universe, which is worthy of praise. The end of the couplet means farewell, and the word "you" implies that parting is inevitable in ancient and modern personnel; It is human nature to part like spring grass. Therefore, the predecessors lamented that "Wang Sun swims without returning, and the spring grass grows and never stops" ("Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits"), and later generations also lamented that "hate is like spring grass, and it still exists farther away" ("Qing Ping Le" by Li Yu).

This poem has been well received by predecessors. Ancient Tang Huan Miscellanies: "Sister Liu Xiaozhuo's poem:' The fallen flowers are more harmonious, and the jungle is sprouting again'. Meng Haoran's' flowers in the forest are swept away, but the grass is still alive'. Is this couplet written by Wei Liu? ..... The ancients wrote poems with their own roots, but they are infinite and cannot be imitated. " "The Formation of Tang Poetry": "Not necessarily meaningful. If there is room for broad weather, it is different from whispering. This is the difference between a big family and a small family. "

But some people say that this poem has other meaning. "Three hundred Tang Poems": "Poetry is a metaphor for villains. Can not be eliminated, what you get is born, and what you get is the Tao. The decoration is awkward, but it is the most vulnerable. " On the realm of poetry: "those who recite this poem think that there are endless villains, such as grass." This is the author's original intention, which is unknown. But the metaphor is uncertain, thinking that Yu Shidao will cure the chaotic cycle; Thinking is more than heavenly heart, Zhenyuan is ups and downs. Although it is cold and snowy, spring has sprouted. Different people have different opinions and can do anything. "

Appreciate ii

The title "Farewell to withered grass" is quite interesting. Grass and other feelings seem to have become attached to each other from the famous sentence written by an ancient poet, that is, "The wandering prince and grandson don't return, the spring grass grows and the warbler flies" ("Chu Ci Recruits Hermits"). However, it is not easy to write the characteristics of the ancient grassland and say goodbye, especially to write new ideas.

The first sentence is the word "ancient grass". How lush ("detached") the original grass seems to be normal, but it captures the vitality of "spring grass", which can be said to be detached from "spring grass grows and grows" without trace, which opens up a good idea for the following. As far as "Ancient Grass" is concerned, why not start with "Qiu Lai Deep Path" (the original "Autumn Grass" was written by an ancient monk), and the whole story will be another kind of atmosphere. Weeds are annual plants, which flourish in spring and wither in autumn. "Come and go with each season" seems to be nothing more than that. However, writing "withered-glorious" is very different from writing "glorious-withered". If the latter is autumn grass, you can't make three or four good sentences. The word "one" overlaps together, forming a sigh, showing an endless feeling first, and three or four sentences will follow.

"Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller in the spring breeze." This is the development of the word "withered glory", which changed from a concept to an image. The ancient grass is characterized by tenacious vitality. You can't cut or hoe. As long as a few roots are left, the next year will be greener and longer, and will soon spread to Yuanye. Grasping this feature, the author does not say "endless chopping and hoeing", but writes "wildfire never consumes them completely", creating a heroic artistic conception. Wildfires start a prairie fire, and the flames are terrible. In an instant, a large area of hay was burned to the ground. Emphasizing the power of destruction and the pain of destruction means emphasizing the power of regeneration and the joy of regeneration. Fire can "burn out" all weeds, even stems and leaves, but the author says it is "inexhaustible" and is of great significance. Because no matter how fierce the fire is, there is no way to help the roots buried deep underground. Once the spring breeze melts into rain, the life of weeds will revive and cover the earth again with rapid growth in response to the abuse of fire. Look at that "vast sea of grass", isn't it a green flag of victory? The language of "they have grown taller in the spring breeze" is concise and powerful, and the word "rebirth" has three points and ten meanings. Song Dynasty and Notes on Remnant Gaizhai said that these two sentences were "not as concise as Liu Changqing's poem Burning Green in Spring", but they were not really seen.