Nuclear Science Issue 12

Throughout history, the process of human understanding the shape of the earth is very long:

From Pythagoras' hypothesis that the earth is spherical more than two thousand years ago to Aristotle's argument based on the shadow on the moon;

Sailing around the earth from Magellan, speaking with facts; Then scientists come to the conclusion that the earth is an irregular triaxial ellipsoid through actual measurement and analysis.

On this spinning blue planet, the importance of seawater movement to biology and environment is self-evident.

However, some time ago, Japan's decision to discharge nuclear waste water into the ocean shocked the whole world. What is even more speechless is that the United States actually supports this.

Greenpeace's nuclear experts have pointed out that the carbon 14 contained in Japanese nuclear waste water is dangerous for thousands of years, which may cause genetic damage.

Moreover, it is only a matter of time before the North Pacific circulation determines the direction of nuclear wastewater in Japan and affects the United States.

So the United States supports Japan's dumping of nuclear waste water because their understanding of the earth is different from ours?

Earth: What bad luck!

Tritium in 0 1

To understand the problem of nuclear wastewater in Japan, we must first know what tritium is.

Tritium (the composition, mass number of the nucleus, whose isotope it is and how it decays, we don't care first) is extremely rare in nature. It is basically obtained from nuclear reactions and is widely used in medicine, military affairs, production and other fields.

However, no matter how useful tritium is, it can't resist the fact that it will be harmful after being ingested by organisms by participating in the biological cycle in nature.

In 1990s, a series of studies on biological effects of tritium appeared.

The results showed that low-dose chronic intake of tritium water increased the number of specific cancers in mice. The so-called specific cancer is the primary malignant tumor, which has different names when it grows in different locations. The number of specific cancers is the superposition of different types of cancers.

In addition, leukemia is closely related to the dose of tritium radiation.

More painfully, the "glory" of male mice will also be affected by tritium radiation. The greater the dose, the more depressed the mice are.

After studying the eyeballs and organs of mice involved in internal irradiation injury experiments, experts also found that with the increase of initial injection amount of tritium water, radionuclides will release rays continuously according to their decay laws after entering the body. With the gradual superposition of organ doses, the micronucleus rate of bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes increases correspondingly, and the total number of peripheral white blood cells decreases correspondingly, and the damage will be aggravated with the dose accumulation.

Once tritium water is discharged into the sea, it will enter algae and combine with organic matter to form stable organic tritium.

We all know the underwater food chain. We eat more, eat less and eat less.

The metabolic rate of organic tritium is low, which may make the big fish inherit the accumulated radionuclides in the small fish when they are in eat small fish. Finally, eat and eat, and the sea is full of strange and terrible fish.

Of course, what will happen to fish, what will happen to other fish-eating species (standing at the top of the food chain, it is difficult for human beings to avoid), and what will happen to tritium that enters the atmosphere under the evaporation of the ocean? People who make decisions with their asses don't care, they just bow their heads and play dumb.

In addition, although it is generally believed that tritium is one of the lowest toxic radionuclides in the world, tritium water can be discharged through the drainage system about ten days after it enters the human body as long as the quantity is controlled and not inhaled in large quantities.

But no matter how low the toxicity is, it is impossible to drink more.

If you drink tritium water for a long time, the biological half-life will be longer, and it takes three to four months to discharge tritium.

Although the Japanese government claims that it can purify the wastewater to the standard of drinking water, Suga Yoshihide and Aso don't even talk about pouring the treated "special water supply" into transparent cups.

Who can believe that tritium water is okay?

Tritium and its friends

Theoretically, tritium in the treated nuclear waste water is harmless to human body, but there are more than tritium in nuclear waste, and 63 radioactive substances have been identified.

Dr. Aoyama, a professor of radiology and earth science in Japan, once said that in this nuclear disaster, 18000 trillion Bq of radioactive cesium 137 was released into the Pacific Ocean at one time, and about 30 gigabq of cesium 137 continued to flow into the ocean every day.

Radioactive sources such as iodine-13 1, cesium-134, cesium-137 are widely detected in tap water in Tokyo. Strontium -90 was also found in 20 13 groundwater. In less than half a year, the level of strontium -90 has increased by more than 100 times, from 8.6 becquerel to 65,438+0,000 becquerel per liter.

Strontium may cause leukemia, and cesium may damage the liver and spleen. As long as contact can bring harm, human flesh and blood are vulnerable in front of them.

The reason why radiation discolors is not only because of its harm to human body and ecology, but also because it is hard to prevent.

So that a lost iridium-192 chain can change a person's fate.

From 65438 to 0996, Song, a worker in Jilin Province, mistakenly picked up an iron chain and put it in his pocket. Therefore, he suffered from moderate acute radiation sickness, and the local radiation damage was extremely serious, leading to high amputation.

Song, the first victim of nuclear radiation in China.

Because the body suffered from severe radiation, the diseased part had to be removed several times.

In the years of struggling with the disease, Song has successively completed major life events such as getting married and having children, but he still passed away in 19.

In fact, as long as you move your fingers to search for radiation effects on the Internet, you can find that almost every example is shocking.

1999 Shojimura, criticality accident

So, how can these dangerous radionuclides be allowed to be discharged into the sea?

In fact, there are five solutions for nuclear wastewater, namely evaporation, electrolysis, solidification, underground burial and sea discharge, but the first four solutions were rejected by Japan.

Because these methods all have one thing in common: expensive.

However, according to the calculation of 140 tons of nuclear wastewater produced by Fukushima every day (we have not even counted leakage and infiltration), the capacity of the water tank will be the limit after two years. Therefore, Japan decided to "clean up" the nuclear waste water and pour it into the sea.

Image source CCTV News

However, once discharged into the sea, radioactive materials can spread to most parts of the Pacific Ocean within 57 days, to the United States within 3 years, and to the global waters within 10 years.

If a butterfly flaps its wings occasionally in the Amazon rainforest, it can cause a tornado in Texas in two weeks.

So what happens when the whole world is full of radioactive substances, even if the content is very small?

I'm afraid none of them can escape

03 days disaster can be avoided.

When it comes to nuclear radiation, Chernobyl is always an unavoidable topic.

In the first three months after the Chernobyl accident, 3 1 person died, and in the following 15 years, 60,000-80,000 people died,134,000 people suffered from radiation diseases of different degrees, and more than1kloc-0/50,000 people were forced to evacuate within 30 kilometers of Fiona Fang. About 8.4 million people in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine are affected by radiation.

According to experts' estimation, it will take at least 800 years to completely eliminate the impact of this catastrophe on the natural environment, and the continuous nuclear radiation risk will last for 654.38 million+years.

Chernobyl accident site

However, it is somewhat different from Japan. Japan only built a storage tank to seal up the nuclear waste water, so that the waste water leaked and was not maintained. Three weeks after the explosion of Chernobyl No.4 reactor, 200 tons of radioactive cobalt, 30 tons of polluted dust and 16 tons of uranium and plutonium were sealed in the sarcophagus to prevent the radiation from spreading further.

Under the existing technical means, it is a more suitable solution to store nuclear wastewater on land.

Japan was forced to "reluctantly" decide to discharge the nuclear wastewater from which radionuclides (except tritium) were removed into the sea. Why does a beautiful country turn a blind eye?

You know, the Chernobyl accident in this country has nothing to do with it, so it needs to be criticized, and the news media will be furious in all directions.

So, let's look at history.

From 65438 to 0946, the United States conducted an underwater nuclear bomb test in Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. Code-named "Operation Crossroads", 67 nuclear tests have been conducted here.

1940- 1993, some countries successively released radioactive solid nuclear waste containing10 billion curies into the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Some of these stainless steel barrels have been damaged and leaked, and some have become potential pollution sources.

1954- 1990, the United States conducted 224 nuclear tests in Niigata.

1966- 1996 The United States conducted 42 atmospheric tests and 137 underground tests in Mururoa Atoll and Fangjiataofa Reef in the Pacific Ocean.

Screenshot of user finishing information

Apart from some foreign policies, we also have reason to suspect that this is one of the reasons for the silence of beautiful countries. After all, people have long been far ahead in environmental pollution.

Today, the whole world is facing this radiation crisis. And Japan, as one of "the same body of human destiny", really shouldn't just talk about it as in its own film and television works.

Japanese "Altman" screenshot

The pictures in this article are all from the network, so delete them.

reference data

Experimental study on irradiation damage in 1 tritium water. Cui, Hu Mingjiang, et al. Radiation research and radiation technology. 2009,27 (05)

2 medical radiobiology [M]. Atomic Energy Press, edited by Liu Shuzheng, 1998.

Study on biological effects of tritium water. Zou Shuai. Radiation protection communication. 1992.

National Nuclear Safety Administration. Scientific knowledge of nuclear and radiation-

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