Who knows what kinds of stones there are?

In our life, people have higher and higher requirements for the decoration of their own homes, so the decoration industry has developed greatly and many new products have appeared, among which stone is the most concerned by everyone in the decoration industry. There are many kinds of stones now. Moreover, different stone materials use different scenes and environments, such as marble, granite and so on. However, many friends are not very familiar with the types of stone, so the next small series will tell you about the types of stone.

Types of stone materials

Now commonly used stone materials are divided into four categories: sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, igneous rocks and artificial stones.

I. Sedimentary rocks

Sedimentary rocks are separated from debris in glaciers, rivers, winds, oceans, plants and other organisms, deposited to form rock deposits, and consolidated at high temperature and high pressure for millions of years.

1. Limestone:

The main mineral composition is calcite. Mineral particles and crystal structures are scarce, and the surface is smooth and fine. Hardness varies, and some dense limestone can be polished. Colors are black, gray, white, yellow and brown. Limestone contains lime formed by seawater, hence its name.

2. Sandstone:

It is formed by timely particles (sand) with stable structure, usually light brown or red, and mainly contains silicon, calcium, clay and iron oxide.

3. Saponite:

It is made of all kinds of talc and is very soft. It is a wear-resistant dense ore, which is not easy to produce stains.

4. Fossils:

Natural fossils containing marine shellfish and plants are considered limestone.

5. travertine (pore stone):

Generally cream or reddish, it is precipitated by calcite in hot springs. Many small holes are formed because water flows through stones, and these small holes are usually filled with synthetic resin or cement, otherwise a lot of maintenance work is needed. Belongs to limestone and marble.

Second, metamorphic rocks

Metamorphic rock is a kind of stone that naturally degenerates into another kind under the mixed action of high temperature, high pressure and minerals. Qualitative change may be recrystallization, texture change or color change.

1. marble

It is recrystallized limestone, which softens at high temperature and high pressure. When the minerals in it change, it recrystallizes to form marble. The main components are calcium and dolomite, with many colors, usually obvious patterns and many mineral particles. Mohs hardness is between 2.5 and 5.

Marble is divided into three categories:

Dolomite: the content of magnesite (magnesium calcium carbonate) is more than 40%.

Forsterite: The content of magnesite (magnesium calcium carbonate) is between 5% and 40%.

Calcite: the content of magnesite (magnesium calcium carbonate) is less than 5%.

2. Slate:

Metamorphic rocks formed by claystone and sedimentary shale (sometimes quartzite) have thin and fragile mineral particles, usually black, gray or green.

3. serpentine

Named for its snakeskin pattern, the most common colors are green and brown. Mohs hardness is between 2.5 and 4. It contains a lot of magnesium, which comes from igneous rocks. Recrystallization and diamond polishing sometimes have poor results.

Three. igneous rock

Igneous rocks are mainly formed by volcanic substances, such as magma. Liquid magma beneath the surface cools and solidifies. Mineral gases and liquids penetrate into rocks, forming new crystals and various colors.

Granite:

It is mainly composed of Yingshi (35%), feldspar (45%) and potassium, and is usually dark in color. Calcite is very little, if any. The texture is hard and easier to maintain than marble, but there are still holes and stains. Granites can be divided into different types according to the time and the mixing ratio of mica and feldspar. Black granite is anorthite, which contains very little chronological and feldspar, and its composition is different from that of real granite.

Fourth, artificial stone.

Artificial stone is made of unnatural mixture, such as resin, cement and gravel binder.

Terrazzo:

Marble and granite fragments are embedded in the cement mixture.

Aggregate stones or aggregate stones:

Marble chips are embedded in colored resin mixture.

Cultural stone or imitation stone

Painted on or mixed with pigments, similar to marble.

The above is Bian Xiao's detailed knowledge about stone types. I hope our sharing content can better understand stone materials. Stone is an indispensable material in our decoration industry. And there are many kinds of stones. For example, the floors of tourist attractions are mostly marble, and many friends have granite stones at home. Stone decoration is not only atmospheric grade, but also anti-corrosion, waterproof performance, fire prevention and so on.