What is the difference between the Qing government office and the military department?

Regarding the difference between the two major government agencies and the Ministry of War in the Qing Dynasty, we should first talk about how they were formed and what their respective responsibilities were.

Review office

▲ City Hall

The earliest prototype of the Chamber was in Nurhachi period, when Nurhachi established the Eight Banners system in the late Jin Dynasty. After Nurhachi established the Eight Banners System, he set up five parliamentary ministers and ten directors, and met with Baylor every five days to discuss state affairs. National discussion? .

Later, Huang Taiji proclaimed himself emperor, and all Baylor were made princes. In addition to the monarch, each flag of the Eight Banners also designed three other ministers, plus Gushan of the Eight Banners. Wang discussed politics? .

▲ On Wang Chenda

In the late Qing Dynasty, after the reunification of the country, did you attend? Wang discussed politics? The number of people began to increase slowly. In addition to Baylor, county kings, county kings, ministers, guards, kings and Baylor's mansion have a long history, and their idleness is also listed as politicians.

Still set in the imperial court? City hall? As Wang's office.

All important military affairs in the Qing dynasty that were not drafted by the cabinet were submitted to the king's meeting.

There are two forms of Wang's meeting: one is deliberation, and the other is deliberation. This means that the first one is a multi-departmental joint meeting to discuss, and everyone can express their opinions and form a more realistic result, and then report it to the emperor. The second is to list all the problems and remove the factors that are not considered. The rest is that ministers can't make up their minds and hand it over to the court. Everyone will discuss with the emperor when they go to court in the morning!

During the reunification of the Qing dynasty, all military affairs, big and small, were passed? Wang discussed politics? Making decisions and making suggestions, their role is very important in history of qing dynasty!

But with the development of time, meeting to discuss the king of politics? At first, the Council of Ministers estimated the emperor's face and listened to the emperor, but over time, the kings felt that their rights seemed to be weakened, and contradictions followed!

▲ South Study Room

During the Kangxi period, the South Study Room was set up, and the people here were personally selected by the emperor and were all their confidants. Therefore, the emperor's more secret things were left to these people to do.

Plus the later military department, over time? Wang discussed politics? Slowly overhead, the ministerial meeting at this time is a decoration!

▲ Emperor Qianlong

In the fifty-sixth year of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong wrote a letter:

Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Council of Wang was established. At that time, because there was a discussion group working, Wang appointed it to handle this matter. Since the establishment of the Ministry of War in Yongzheng, the ministers of various military departments have been called every day to carry out their orders. The ministers of Manchuria University are all role models, discussing politics in vain and doing nothing, which is nominal. I have been doing things and only advocate real politics. All discussions are empty and don't need to be filled in at the same time. Later, there was no need for the Ministry to invite them.

In this way, it has existed for 155 years? City hall? Disappear in the long river of history!

Grand Council

The military department was set up during Yong Zhengdi's period. His original purpose of setting up the military department was to be afraid that the more confidential military affairs in the palace would be leaked.

Later, Yong Zhengdi began to recruit people he trusted to work in the military, and the task was to deal with some things in the imperial court. For example, in the event of a war, the military department should prepare some things to consider, that is, prepare the emperor's auxiliary work, just like the emperor's private think tank.

▲ Yong Zhengdi (as a teenager)

At this time, Yong Zhengdi's assignment to the military department is only to manage military affairs. Later, during the Qianlong period, government affairs were added.

At this time, the Ministry of War was in charge of military and political power and became the highest organ of state power in the Qing Dynasty.

The military department was completely under the direct control of the emperor, and he obeyed the emperor alone. This time it is equivalent to the emperor's private secretary.

The military department has no official position or official position, which makes it a special institution. When summoned, the emperor gave instructions on how to deal with various incidents, and sometimes asked the minister of military affairs about the situation and listened to their opinions in order to make a ruling. The minister of military affairs drafted documents according to the will.

After the imperial edict and imperial edict were formed, they were directly sent to relevant officials by the military department without going through the cabinet.

At the same time, during the Qing dynasty, military aircraft was the highest organ of state power, but it was always in a temporary position in form!

Why is there such an obvious difference?

This still needs to talk about the situation at that time. Although the King's Council existed in name only during this period, there were still many discussions on the king, and the power of the Cabinet and Nanxue was greatly weakened by the establishment of the military department, but the weakening intensity was weakened. As long as you discuss the king and add the cabinet and the south study room, the position of the military department is not unbreakable.

Let's not talk about the above, so Emperor Qianlong finally canceled the meeting to discuss the matter of the king, and when a big threat disappeared, the position of the military department could be said to be stable!

Later, the Ministry of War combined it with the memorial system, that is, it replied to the memorial with the imperial edict of Zhu Pi (approved by the emperor), summoned the minister of military affairs and granted political opportunities.

Everything in the world is in the hands of the emperor!

To sum up, in the early days of the Qing Empire, the Chamber of Deputies seemed to be a whole organization. All major and minor issues must go through the parliamentary office before they can be sent to other departments and the emperor. In its existence 100 years, it basically has no real rights!

After the military department was fully formed in the later period, the military and political power was monopolized and completely owned by the emperor. At that time, it was said that marching into the Ministry without the emperor's imperial decree would be beheaded. You can imagine how powerful you are!

So one belongs to the organization and coordination department, and the other belongs to the special independent department of military and political integration!

May 8, the third year of the establishment of the Military Department 19 1 1 Xuan Tong. Under the pressure of the constitutional assembly petition movement, the Qing government implemented the so-called? Responsible cabinet system? .

The Qing government ordered the abolition of the old cabinet and military department and the establishment of a new cabinet composed of thirteen ministers of state. Since then, the military department that has been running for 180 years has been cancelled.