Read the lecture notes on the teaching design of the famous work How Steel was Tempered.

The famous book "How Steel was Tempered" is one of the first books in the eighth grade of People's Education Publishing House, an experimental textbook for the new curriculum of compulsory education. It is an autobiographical novel by Nikolai ostrovsky, a writer of the former Soviet Union. Based on the life experience of Pavel Colta King, the novel shows a broad historical picture of the hard struggle of Soviet Russia and its people from 19 15 to 1930, portrays a group of heroes with Paul as the core, shows the revolutionary ideals and revolutionary heroism of a generation of young people, and reveals that the value and significance of life lies in the theme of dedication. Moreover, the rich humanistic connotation of the novel has a profound influence on people's spiritual field. It plays a very important guiding role for middle school students who are in the forming period of their outlook on life and values. I think this is also a very important reason why textbook writers recommend this book.

Secondly, as a novel shining with lofty idealism, his greatest success lies in shaping the image of Paul, a proletarian hero. And with Pavel Kochakin's life experience and the best spiritual quality of his time, he explained "how should people spend their lives?" Problems; In addition, the description of the characters and environment in the novel is also extremely lasting from the perspective of artistic appreciation.

Second, the concept, basis and strategy of reading guidance

The new curriculum standard aims at promoting the all-round development of all students, and defines "knowledge and ability".

"process and method" and "emotional attitude and values" goals. To this end, some scholars have suggested that there are three obvious signs whether teaching activities reflect the concept of new curriculum reform: (1) whether the form of independent cooperation and inquiry is used in teaching activities; (2) Whether the teacher's role has changed from the traditional knowledge giver to the student's learning guide, promoter and teaching researcher; (3) Whether we can pay attention to the maximization of the development and utilization value of curriculum resources. In the process of learning Chinese curriculum standards, we find that the reading guidance of famous books lacks specific positioning and clear tasks, which often leads to inaccurate positioning in teaching practice. Many Chinese teachers often adopt the teaching method of letting students read the contents of textbooks instead of specific guidance. So, what is the task of reading the Bible? I think the accurate positioning should be: understanding writers and works to stimulate students' interest in reading; Genre characteristics based on text; Take the highlights as an example; To guide students' reading methods as the core; For the purpose of love, knowledge and reading the whole book; Cultivate students' good reading habits and improve Chinese literacy; Taking "inquiry thinking" as the breakthrough point to effectively improve students' Chinese literacy.

Then, in the reading guide of the famous book How Steel was Tempered, I determined the following tasks: 1. Let the students read the essay "How Steel is Tempered-A Textbook of Idealism and Life", and learn about the author Nicola ostrovsky, the main contents of his works and the main artistic image of the novel Paul Kochagin, and supplement his artistic characteristics and achievements. 2. Review the general methods of reading, guide the intensive reading of the wonderful segment 1, and guide students to learn how to understand the characters by analyzing their psychological activities. The intensive reading of Wonderful Fragments II guides students to master it, requires students to create characters through typical examples, make reading plans, and emphasizes extracting famous sayings and wonderful paragraphs in reading and checking them after class.

Reading guidance strategy:

(A) the form of reading guidance: the combination of extracurricular reading guidance and in-class reading guidance.

(2) Curriculum resources: In addition to text resources (original text and textbook essay resources), make full use of extracurricular learning resources such as internet, related videos and music.

(3) Guidance arrangement: Eight weeks after class and three class hours in class.

Third, talk about the goals and difficulties of reading guidance.

In view of the characteristics of text resources and the relevant requirements of the new curriculum standards, I have identified the following guiding objectives and difficulties:

Guiding objectives:

Knowledge and skills

1, let students learn to read the whole book.

2. Understand the contents of the book, be familiar with and master the wonderful fragments, and draw spiritual strength from Paul.

3. Deepen the understanding of works and improve the comprehensive ability of Chinese in writing and various Chinese practice activities.

(2) Process and method

Teachers guide students to focus on reading and combine it with Chinese practice and writing to improve students' Chinese literacy in an all-round way.

(3) Emotion, attitude and values

Draw nutrients from famous works, establish great revolutionary ideals, cultivate lofty moral quality, form an iron will, and have the spirit of courage to contribute.

Key points of reading guidance: intensive reading guidance

The Difficulties in Reading Guidance: Stimulating Reading Interest

Fourth, talk about the process of reading guidance.

(1) Extracurricular reading guidance stage (about eight weeks)-divide students into several reading groups, guide students to make reasonable reading plans, implement goals and tasks, and establish supporting testing and evaluation programs. Instruct students to skim the whole book in their spare time and holidays to find out the main content, plot and character relationship. By reading the publication instructions and postscript, we can understand the publication intention and grasp the reading clues. According to the reading needs, consult the materials in the appendix and related materials collected after class and online to understand the author's experience and creative background, and understand the important ideas and key contents of the work. Combine watching movies or TV series, and compare the characters in the drama with those in literary works. While reading, extract, annotate and write down your own thoughts. In this process, teachers should pay special attention to the stimulation of students' reading interest, the implementation of objectives and tasks, and the detection and display of reading results. Such as reading report meeting, theme discussion, handwritten newspaper exhibition, famous story meeting, reading competition, reading notes evaluation, reading card evaluation, etc. Are optional detection and display forms.

1, reading group: students can freely combine or be set by teachers according to their characteristics.

2. Reading plan: attention should be paid to the combination of time, content, objectives, tasks, methods, testing and evaluation.

3. Reading resources: the whole book "How Steel was Tempered", publication notes and postscript, other network resources, video resources, etc.

4. Reading tasks:

First, understand the author Nikolai ostrovsky's situation and creative background;

B, reveal the meaning of the title of the work, summarize the main contents and outline the plot clues of the novel;

C, combing the characters in the novel;

D, the artistic features and achievements of the novel;

E, the theme of the novel.

5. Reading method:

1, independent first reading-understanding the content and overall perception;

2. Cooperative learning-cooperative inquiry and in-depth understanding;

6, detection and evaluation:

Reading exchange, theme discussion, handwritten newspaper exhibition, famous story meeting, reading contest, reading notes evaluation, reading card evaluation, making character list, etc.

(2) Reading instruction in class (three class hours)

first kind

First, situational introduction

Dewey, an American educator, said, "Education is not something to be told and told, but a process of students' active construction. "So, in order to really stimulate students' interest in learning and take the initiative to participate, the introduction of teachers is particularly important. In this part, I chose the title of 20 episodes of TV series "How Steel was Tempered" to import. Vivid themes, police quotes, a set of pictures showing the protagonist's growth process, rich background and gloomy and firm music can greatly arouse students' senses and stimulate their interest in learning and thirst for knowledge.

Second, check the reading of the whole book.

In this link, the reading group as a unit, to carry out the "masterpiece knowledge competition" between groups. The design of questions can help students understand and grasp the story of the novel, and this way of group competition can better mobilize students' enthusiasm and let them participate in learning activities more actively.

1. required questions: one student in each group answers correctly, and gets 10. No points will be deducted for wrong answers, but other groups have the opportunity to correct them. If they correct them correctly, they will get 10 points.

(1) Why did Paul leave school to start his first job?

(2) Paul faced life danger for the first time, because of what? How did you finally get out of danger?

(3) Why did Paul and his comrades build a light rail to the forest? Answer first: the team that answers correctly first gets 10.

(1), name at least five characters in the book except the protagonist Paul, and briefly introduce their identities.

(2) How did Paul get his first weapon?

(3) Under what circumstances did Paul's mother appear?

(4) What are the attitudes of Paul's family and comrades-in-arms towards writing novels?

(4) Why did the author use the title "How Steel was Tempered"?

Third, the problem exploration

Teachers put forward inquiry questions-group cooperation inquiry-classroom communication and sharing-and teachers' guidance is clear. In this link, students are organized to discuss and communicate in groups according to the questions raised by teachers (the questions involve the background, plot clues, meaning and theme of the novel) to form group learning results. Then let the group center spokesperson share it in class. The design of the link is mainly to guide students to perceive and grasp the text as a whole. Considering the difficulty of the questions raised, cooperative inquiry is helpful to answer questions and arouse students' learning enthusiasm.

1. What is the background of the novel?

The first film is mainly set in the civil war of the former Soviet Union. The second part focuses on economic recovery and socialist construction.

2. Briefly describe the plot clues of the novel.

Young Paul's life and struggle-soldier Paul fought bravely on the battlefield-builder Paul's selfless work-steel soldier Paul fought tenaciously against the disease.

3. Reveal the meaning of the novel title.

"Steel" refers to faith, will and perseverance. Steel is tempered by fire and quenching. This "fire and quenching" refers to the special and hard environment and conditions, which are embodied in the novel as cruel war environment, harsh natural environment, hard working conditions and unbearable illness of ordinary people.

4. Reveal the theme of the novel.

This novel describes all kinds of fierce contradictions and cruel struggles in the former Soviet Union from the October Revolution to economic construction for more than ten years, portrays a group of heroes with Paul as the core, shows the revolutionary ideals and revolutionary heroism of a generation of young people, and reveals that the value and significance of life lies in the theme of dedication.

Four. abstract

Teachers make full use of refined postscript to guide students to perceive and grasp the novel as a whole, so that students can try their best to rise from a perceptual knowledge to a rational knowledge-to obtain a perception that comes from the text and is higher than the full text.

Verb (short for verb) homework

On the basis of grasping the novel as a whole, students collect information from newspapers, magazines, books or the Internet, and write a short book review with appendices in reference books. This exercise can not only promote students to perceive and master the text more comprehensively, accurately and deeply, but also cultivate students' ability of understanding, feeling and expression.

Second lesson

Main points of reading guide: analyze the formation process of characters' personalities and draw spiritual strength from them; Read the highlights and analyze the artistic features of the novel.

Guide reading steps:

First, introduce the new course:

In the in-class reading instruction of the second class, I choose the authors and works highly praised by celebrities to introduce the following reading instruction. I think such a high evaluation of celebrities can arouse students' interest in thinking and learning.

A writer was praised by romain rolland as "the synonym of the rarest morality and the purest courage"; There is a literary work known as "the signpost of life and the tonic of spirit". This writer is the former Soviet writer ostrovsky; This work is his masterpiece How Steel was Tempered.

Second, analyze the novel characters and writing characteristics:

(1) Character analysis:

The novel focuses on creating characters, and the analysis of the characters in the novel is definitely an important part in the process of reading the novel. In this session, I fully encourage students to take Paul as the core of the characters, and make an in-depth analysis and interpretation of one or more characters they are most interested in. And write a brief comment on the characters with "in my eyes" as the main topic, and then communicate in groups.

(2) Analysis of writing characteristics:

First of all, let students learn two wonderful excerpts from the textbook, and guide them to read the text and appreciate the language and words that arouse your feelings by drawing sketches and writing comments in circles. Draw a circle, write comments, and appreciate the language and words that arouse students' feelings. Is to guide students how to intensive reading and learning, teaching students reading methods. Then encourage students to explore and creatively interpret the text on the writing characteristics of novels, form autonomous learning results, and communicate in class.

Third, the teacher's guidance is clear and general.

In the process of reading guidance with students as the main body, teachers' good guidance can sometimes play a very good role in touching the golden touch or turning the stone into gold. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the appropriate guidance in the process of inquiry, the appropriate and humanized comments of students after classroom communication, and the wisdom summary of teachers in learning activities. I choose that famous saying "Reading is to taste the rich books you choose with a prepared heart, a pair of inquiring eyes and a deep expectation". It is a kind of fate, which will arouse your strong voice and affection "as the conclusion of class." "Finally, let the students listen to" How Steel was Tempered "sung by Eight Eyes Band, and feel the reading life of their ancestors and parents.

Fourth, homework:

Students extract beautiful sentences and paragraphs, make 3 ~ 5 reading cards, add titles, indicate the author and source and recite them. This assignment guides students to analyze famous sayings and aphorisms in novels, and also cultivates students' good habit of making reading cards during reading.

The third category

I. Import:

Students recite the famous saying "Life is the most precious thing for human beings ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄ ┄"

Second, combine the understanding of the author's life and the content of his works, and deeply understand the "meaning of life".

In this class, I ask students to review Paul's life after independent thinking. Young Paul's life and struggle-soldier Paul fought bravely on the battlefield-builder Paul's selfless work-steel soldier Paul fought tenaciously against the disease. Deeply understand the meaning of life.

Clear: This is a novel written by a writer with blood and life. The theme of the novel is to praise the heroic achievements and dedication of Soviet youth in the struggle to defend the Soviet regime and build socialism. Pavel Colta King, the hero of the novel, is an outstanding representative of young people. He has lofty revolutionary moral character, and strives for the cause of * * *. When he was ill, he kept writing and devoted his life and energy to the most magnificent cause of mankind-the struggle for the liberation of mankind. Paul became one of the youngest heroes in Soviet literature, inspiring generations of young readers in the Soviet Union and China, and became a shining example in the eyes of generations of materialist believers. Therefore, only by combining the writer's life experience and Paul's lifelong dedication can we deeply understand Paul's spirit, Paul's profound thinking on the meaning of life, and understand that * * * capitalists are willing to contribute all their energy to the cause of human liberation and devote their lives to lofty ideals. Only in this way can we take the famous saying that "life is the most precious thing for people" as our motto, and we can think about our own life value in front of the example and step by step move towards loftiness.

Third, talk about your understanding of life.

I ask students to talk about their understanding of life in concise sentences. Make students' own famous sayings and share them in class. This design is from students' profound understanding of the text to the tempering and immersion of students' souls. It is another deepening of the goal of "emotional attitude and values".

People should not pursue the length of life, but the quality of life. ※.

The highest state of life is to devote one's life to all mankind. ※.

The value of life lies in constantly surpassing oneself. ※.

There may be storms in life, but we can have our own ray of sunshine in our hearts. ※.

The sky is not all blue and the clouds are not all white, but flower of life is always brilliant. ※.

Fourth, exchange reading cards and recite appreciation. Add what you think is worth tasting from your classmate's reading card to your reading card case and recite it. Encourage students to choose one or two sentences they like from the reading cards to enjoy, then recommend them to their classmates and write the reasons for their recommendation.

Fifth, the expansion and extension of the classroom.

The road of life is very long, with flowers and applause, mud and deep valleys along the way. If you face poverty, disease, pain and even disaster. How will you face it?

This design further guides students to connect books with real life, and strives to deepen the connotation and periphery of Chinese classroom, and further promotes the achievement of emotional attitudes and values.

Six, after-school exercises

If you have people like Paul who have withstood all kinds of tests and overcome all kinds of difficulties and lived, studied and worked tenaciously, interview him, write articles about his deeds and contribute to newspapers and magazines.

Evaluation and Reflection on verb (abbreviation of verb) Speech and Learning Guidance

How Steel was Tempered is a well-known book for our grandparents and parents, but for today's children, it is not as interesting as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the story is not as wonderful as The Journey to the West, so the interest in reading is very weak. However, the excellent qualities advocated in this book, such as ideals, courage, firmness and persistence, have a very important guiding role for middle school students who are in the forming period of their outlook on life and values. Therefore, urging and checking students to read this book completely has become the first goal of this course. The application of the competition effectively mobilized students' enthusiasm for participation.

In the reading of famous books, the teacher can only be the guide of students. This guidance can be ideological content or artistic characteristics. But in either case, students' original reading cognition should be taken as the starting point. Pay attention to the organic combination of extracurricular reading guidance and in-class reading guidance. Extracurricular reading guidance is a long-term process, so the formulation of reading plan and the detection and evaluation of reading process are particularly important, which is the basis for whether the task can be completed and the goal can be achieved. In the form of testing or showing in groups or classes, story meetings, handwritten newspapers, etc., students have strong interest and good results. In contrast, the quality and efficiency of reading notes evaluation and reading exchange meetings are lower. In the in-class reading instruction of the second class, I pay attention to guiding students to study and intensively read the wonderful fragments, analyze them independently first, and then explore the characters and writing characteristics of the novel in cooperation. Facts have proved that there are differences in cognition. Through this part, I try to make students understand that the reading of famous works needs not only browsing, but also intensive reading, and deeply thinking about the essence of language and thought. Only in this way can we feel the charm of famous books and draw nutrition from reading.

In order to enhance the appeal of the classroom atmosphere, I chose some movies, music and other related resources, which effectively enhanced the appeal of the classroom. The final homework design pays attention to the extension of classroom teaching. Three in-class reading instruction assignments pay attention to the combination of classroom learning priorities and the principle of step by step. However, some homework once again pulls students back to the classics themselves, and the difference between books and students' real life once again makes the effectiveness of this homework discounted.