The Historical Evolution of Beijing Ming City Wall Ruins Park

All along, the ruins of the Ming city wall have been occupied by units and residents. According to the field investigation, among the 79 units formed in the site, more than 20 units directly built factories and workshops on the wall or on the wall, with a construction area of 30,000 square meters, of which 19 buildings, more than 500 staff houses were built on the wall, and some houses were demolished and compacted by the wall. Some changed the city walls into back gables, which caused great damage to the original appearance of the city walls. Due to the existence of a large number of units, households and free markets, the environment of this site area is extremely bad, the municipal facilities are backward, pipelines cannot be introduced, sewage cannot be discharged, houses are low and dilapidated, garbage is everywhere, and sewage is flowing. All these pose a more serious threat to the city walls and sites.

Holiday work is divided into two stages. The first stage starts from 200 1 10 and vacates the occupied units in the Ming city wall ruins park. In order to ensure the safety of Shuang Jie and Spring Festival travel rush, the railway department started this work in March 2002. At this stage, 79 units were vacated (the second Kai Guanchang is being vacated). In the second stage, all responsible units vacate their households. Due to the large population base, each responsible unit adopts the method of vacating by stages, which is convenient to solve the problems caused by vacating and ensure the social stability of the vacating area to the greatest extent. Vacant office * * * Vacant 26 12 households. Among them, there are 658 railways; Chongwen District 1 144 households; 524 urban construction households; Municipal 168 households; There are 59 construction enterprises, 6 1 textile enterprises and 2 dongcheng enterprises. The total amount of retired funds is 508 million yuan.

With the implementation of the municipal government's rectification work on the relocation of units and households occupying the site, the environment in this area has undergone fundamental changes:

Completely solve the problem of units and households occupying the city wall site formed in the past 80 years, and all 79 units and more than 2,600 households in the site area have moved out. Demolition of more than 6,000 buildings of various types, removal of muck and garbage160,000 tons.

It has completely changed the environment that has seriously affected the appearance of the city for many years, such as dilapidated houses, garbage everywhere and cross-flow of sewage. On the basis of transformation, 52,000 square meters of lawns and trees were planted around the city wall ruins, and a beautiful city wall ruins park was built.

Completely change the long-term destruction of the city wall, and dismantle all kinds of illegal buildings that have long affected the safety of the city wall, creating basic conditions for the repair and protection of the city wall. 1, Ming City Wall Ruins Park occupies many units and residents. And it belongs to different units, including central units, municipal units, district units and small street factories. The situation between units is completely different. There are also great differences in the nature of residential housing, such as housing management, self-management by units, self-built houses with certificates, self-built houses with certificates, and sheds. In short, the situation is complicated and the work is very difficult.

2. In the Ming City Wall Ruins Park, due to historical reasons, units and residents naturally live together, work and live, and the phenomenon of disorderly construction is serious. Municipal facilities are extremely incomplete, the living environment is harsh, sewage is flowing, and houses are dilapidated. Located in the center of the city, it seriously damages the appearance of the city and seriously affects the image of the capital. The work of vacating the site is not only the protection of cultural relics, but also a pragmatic move to improve people's living environment, urban environmental quality and management level. Cultural relics protection is organically coordinated with urban construction and the improvement of people's living standards.

3. For the relocation of the units and residents of the Ming City Wall site, the policy of "vacating cultural relics" is adopted, that is, the residents are vacated by the original property unit. Whoever builds a house will be responsible for letting the residents move out. Clear up the problems left over from history, clarify the responsible units, mobilize the subjective initiative of the responsible units, and greatly reduce buck passing. The policy of vacating cultural relics has explored a feasible way for the construction of public welfare projects such as the protection of cultural relics and historical sites.

4. The vacating range of Ming City Wall is the center of Beijing urban area, close to the railway transportation hub of Beijing Railway Station. Many residents live near the railway. In the work of vacating, the task of vacating should be completed. It is also necessary to stabilize the residents' mood and ensure the social stability of the vacated area. In the whole process of vacating, only four households filed administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation; Demolition 12 households, civilized law enforcement, strict measures, proper and solid aftermath, basically no excessive behavior. Ming City Wall is an indispensable part of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also a symbol of old Beijing. Due to historical reasons, the original city wall in Beijing has completely disappeared. There are only two ruins of Ming and Qing city walls left in Beijing. The section from Chongwenmen to the southeast corner building is the longest existing wall section of Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a total length of1.540m.. This section of the city wall has also suffered serious damage. Most of the inner city bricks and rammed earth in the city center have been demolished. In some areas, the rammed earth in the city center has been exposed in a large area, and only one wall brick has been corroded and weathered to a considerable extent.

After the evacuation of the Ming City Wall site, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics invested more than 20 million yuan to completely restore this section of the city wall. The principle of the city wall reconstruction project is to protect the historical original appearance of the city wall to the greatest extent, and its reconstruction policy is to maintain the status quo, restore the original appearance, repair the dangerous situation, strengthen the residual shape, and rebuild it properly, so that the city wall can be restored to a continuous whole and protected.

When demolishing the site and removing muck, the construction unit should pay attention to maintaining the existing city wall relics, and should not continue to increase the damage to the city wall, and keep as many broken walls as possible.

In the renovation project, attention should be paid to protecting the historical authenticity of the original cultural relics within the city wall; Generally speaking, the method of strengthening the status quo is adopted, and traditional techniques and materials are adopted to protect the historical information and original features of the city wall to the maximum extent.