What does Yu Dafu want to express in Autumn in the Old Capital?

Literati writers at all times and at all times, at home and abroad, or express their feelings and praise autumn enthusiastically, such as Liu Yuxi's autumn words "Autumn is lonely and sad, I say autumn wins spring", Mao Zedong's "Picking mulberry seeds for Chongyang", "A year of autumn wind is thick, not like spring, better than spring, vast rivers, Wan Li frost"; Either bleak and melancholy, such as Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain", I am coming for three thousand miles. This autumn is sad, a hundred years of sorrow, climbing this high alone ",Qiu Jin's desperate words" autumn rain is worrying people "... and Yu Dafu's famous prose" Autumn in the Old Capital "combines sadness with autumn fu, with autumn nostalgia and autumn loneliness-this feeling is homesickness and love for national conditions; This lonely autumn is a portrayal of the author's mood at that time and a lament for the decline of the national fortune.

"the motherland! Motherland! My death is your fault! " "You're getting rich! Be strong! " This is Yu Dafu's cry from the protagonist's mouth in "Sinking", and this is also his heart. Mr Xia Yan once said, "Duff was a great patriot, and patriotism was the spiritual pillar of his life". His Autumn in the Old Capital borrowed from autumn scenery in the Old Capital, which expressed deep patriotic feelings. His attachment to his old capital in autumn shows his love for the motherland. In this exquisite essay, the author not only expresses his deep attachment to the autumn of his old capital, but also conveys his patriotic feelings, an unspeakable desire to leave the people in troubled times-enriching Qiang Bing and expelling foreign powers.

First, feel sad and express it.

Autumn in the old capital is really unique in expressing sadness. At that time, due to the invasion of the Japanese invaders, the northern part of China was filled with smoke, which spread all over the country at home and abroad. As Du Fu wrote in "Looking at the Spring", "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers remain forever, the vegetation turns green in spring, the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely birds have mourned". When the author turned back to his old capital, facing the familiar grass and trees added to the author's sadness. As the old saying goes, "Women miss spring, people are sad about autumn", and an ancient literati's sadness about autumn suddenly came to mind, "Autumn enters the heart and people are sad". Therefore, the emotional tone of the article is always sad. At the beginning of the article, the author wrote: "Autumn is always good everywhere; However, the autumn in the north is particularly clear, quiet and sad. .. I just want to taste this "autumn", the autumn taste of this old capital. " Sentiment for autumn arises spontaneously, so autumn in the old capital has the characteristics of "clearness, quietness and sadness". The scenery chosen by the author is an ordinary scene in life, but autumn scenery in his works gives people a sense of loneliness: he lives alone in "a dilapidated house in the sea of imperial capital" and "has a broken waist and feels at the blue flowers of morning glory". Several "sparse, slender and long autumn grasses"-autumn grasses symbolize the fatigue and desolation of life, which makes people feel sad: all the scenery is shrouded in a "gloomy world", which makes people feel depressed and cold. Author * * * selected five pictures, Autumn Morning Courtyard, Autumn Locust Fall, Echoes of Qiu Chan, Cool Autumn Words and Autumn Fruit Victory, to show the characteristics of autumn in northern China. The selected colors are also cool tones, such as white reed flowers, green sky, blue sky, blue flowers, dusty soil, light green and yellowish dates, etc. Autumn scenery in Yu Dafu's eyes is covered with the shadow of the times and printed with the author's personal subjective feelings-loneliness and melancholy.

This is a sad autumn work. The author does not write scenery for the scenery, but creates feelings for the words. Instead, he controls the scenery with emotions and blends the scenes. As Yu Dafu said in Autumn in the Old Capital, "It serves to show that sentient animals and interesting human beings can always cause deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings for autumn." The author integrates the shadow of the times and personal tragedy into autumn scenery. The characteristics of autumn in the old capital are actually the reflection of autumn in the author's heart. It was autumn in the northland-no, it was the condensation of the social reality of "purity, quietness and sadness" in China at that time.

Second, language is light and emotion is heavy, and sadness contains joy.

In Autumn in the Old Capital, the author chooses the unique natural scenery of Beiping in autumn to write, which is filled with the breath of the ancient capital and the author's sincere love-sitting in the yard can see "a high blue sky", which makes people feel refreshed and calm in autumn; The background is a vast blue sky; On the ground, colorful morning glory gathers into a colorful wild garden; Between heaven and earth, occasionally one or two white or gray tame pigeons appear, dotted in the middle of a large blank, with appropriate density and shade; There are also locust trees that can decorate the autumn in the north, especially "the falling core that looks like a flower instead of a flower ... stepping on it, there is no sound, no smell, only a little tiny and soft touch", writing the softness and delicacy of the falling core, giving people a feeling of "moistening things silently"; Look at "the autumn rain in the north seems stranger, more delicious and more decent than that in the south". It can be seen that the author has a soft spot for autumn rain in the north, so the autumn rain in the old capital is fresh and lingering, and the writing of the old capital is infinite in autumn rhyme; In particular, writing autumn fruits reveals the author's love and praise for the autumn of the old capital: "The fruit trees in the north, coming to Qiu Lai, are also a must." It is said that when the fruit is ripe, it is "a good day for clear autumn in the north, and it is the best golden day of the year." As far as brush strokes are concerned, from the courtyard to the outside, from the sky to the ground, vivid and vivid, with sports as the background, all the lines are filled with the autumn flavor, color, artistic conception and posture of the old capital, expressing the author's pleasant mood when he tasted the autumn flavor of the old capital. "A natural landscape is a subjective world", which is autumn scenery in Yu Dafu's eyes, a autumn scenery with the author's subjective feelings. When describing the old capital autumn scenery, the author painted a gray and sentimental tone, which was mixed with sadness and joy. The author compares the autumn in the north with the autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and thinks that the autumn in the south of the Yangtze River is "the vegetation withers slowly, the air is humid, and the color of the sky looks pale"; It is believed that the autumn color in Jiangnan is not strong and the aftertaste is lasting; I don't think autumn is a famous flower. I can never see enough, taste enough and enjoy enough ... thus showing my infinite attachment and love for autumn in the north.

Third, love for the old capital, love for the old country.

The author's love for his old capital, Beiping, has a long history. In the Four Seasons of Peiping, which is also called a companion piece with Autumn in the Old Capital, Yu Dafu confided his feelings about the ancient capital: "The metropolis of China, where I lived for the first half of my life, is not rare; However, when one calms down to recall the past, Shanghai's prosperity, Nanjing's vastness, Guangzhou's smog, Hankou's Wuchang's chaos, and even Qingdao's tranquility, Fuzhou's beauty and Hangzhou's calmness are not comparable to Beijing when I lived there. Of course, Beijing is magnificent and leisurely ... "The author has never lived in Beiping for a long time, but he has a deep attachment to Beiping. Yu Dafu went south all the way and never practiced in his native land again. However, he blessed his old capital: "Beiping, where culture has gathered for five or six hundred years, has bad months all year round. I cherish my memory in the distance, and I deeply wish her peace and progress, and the old capital that our Chinese people will always guard! " It can be said that patriotism is Yu Dafu's unswerving belief and the strongest voice in autumn in the old capital.

Haizi, a very spiritual and melancholy literary genius, committed suicide by lying on the track after a short period of 24 spring and autumn, and disappeared into people's surprised eyes like a meteor after crossing a beautiful arc, leaving only the last wish of "facing the sea and blooming in spring"; After 73 years, Yasunari Kawabata, a literary master who won the Nobel Prize in Literature, turned on the gas and ended his life ahead of schedule, leaving people with infinite reverie of "sleepless flowers". Their lives are all unfortunate. Haizi is a lonely soul, from a barren and vast land. Kawabata Yasunari's parents died when he was very young, and then his grandparents and sisters died one after another, and loneliness and depression accompanied him all his life. There are two words written on the title page of their lives-loneliness. They are lonely in heart, poor in spiritual world and easy to go to extremes. ..

However, Yu Dafu lived in troubled times and suffered hardships in a short period of forty years, and lived in a foreign country for ten years, which made him suffer humiliation and discrimination, bereavement of his wife, children, mother and brother. The bitterness of life and comparable life experiences formed Yu Dafu's melancholy and sensitive personality characteristics. "If you are so sad about your family and hate your country, you can spend the autumn wind in your hometown." Hatred for your country and family aroused his patriotic enthusiasm. He consciously devoted himself to the anti-Japanese national salvation movement and did many things that were beneficial to the motherland and the people as much as he could. It is precisely because Yu Dafu is full of patriotic enthusiasm that patriotism has become the spiritual pillar of his life, prompting him to devote himself to the torrent of the fiery anti-Japanese national salvation movement, and he did not fall down when he encountered all kinds of misfortunes and pains in his life. Mr. Hu Yuzhi once commented on Yu Dafu's life: in the history of China literature, his name will be engraved forever, and on the monument of China people's anti-fascist war, the name of Yu Dafu's martyr will be engraved forever. At the end of the article, the author wrote: "Autumn, the autumn in this northern country, if I can stay, I would like to fold two-thirds of my life for a fraction of one-third."

This is not melodramatic, but the author's true feelings, which not only shows his deep attachment and yearning for the autumn of his old capital, but also fully shows the author's deep patriotic feelings, as the famous poet Ai Qing wrote in I Love this Land. Why do I often have tears in my eyes? Because I love this land deeply. " Yu Dafu said in "Writing Chat": "French critics say that style is like people; China people say that words come from the heart. No matter how good at affectation, there is always something true and reasonable in the article. "

Autumn in the Old Capital, written in 1934, has been selected as a middle school Chinese textbook for decades, enduring for a long time and becoming a famous essay. The author speculates that this is inseparable from its fresh language, meaningful artistic conception, unique life experience, especially its deep love for the old capital and country. Autumn in the old capital played a sad carol, and patriotism became its main theme, which added different notes and melodies to writing autumn articles and aroused people's pursuit of beauty and love for the motherland.