Where can I find the full text and translation of Mencius under Gao Zixia?

* * * Chapter 16

(1) Someone asked Wu Luzi, "Which is more important, gift or food?"

A Renzhou native asked Wu Luzi, "Which is more important, etiquette or diet?"

Say: "the ceremony is heavy."

Wu Luzi said: "Etiquette is important."

"Which is more important, color or ceremony?"

The man asked again, "which is more important, marriage or etiquette?"

Say: "the ceremony is heavy."

Answer: "Etiquette is very important."

Yue: "if you eat it with courtesy, you will die of hunger;" If you don't eat gifts, you will eat them. Kiss 2, can't have a wife; Marry a wife without kissing. Can you kiss? "

The man asked again, "I begged for food according to the ceremony, but I couldn't eat it. I starved to death;" Do you have to act according to etiquette if you don't beg for food according to etiquette, but eat? Marry according to the wedding ceremony, but you can't take a wife; If you can get a wife without kissing, do you have to do it? "

Wu Luzi can't be right. Zou will sue Mencius tomorrow.

Wu Luzi couldn't answer, so he went to Zou the next day and told Mencius this question.

Mencius said, "If the answer is yes, why not? If you don't take its root, but take its end, a square inch of wood can make it taller than Cenlou. Gold is more important than feathers. Can you call it a golden feather hook? Compared with courtesy, people who pay more attention to food are more important than those who pay more attention to food. Compared with people who value color and informal people, the color of Xi wing is heavy? Turn to the answer:' If you take food from your brother's arm, you will get food; If you don't eat, you won't eat, but what will happen? If you hold your virgin over your boss's wall, you will get a wife; You can't have a wife without hugging, but you have to hug? "

Mencius said, "Is this question difficult to answer? You don't need to measure the height of the original foundation, just compare their two ends, so an inch-long block of wood can make it taller than a tall building with a spire. Metals are heavier than feathers. Is it because the metal hook is compared to a car feather? Compared with the small aspects of etiquette, the big problem of eating is more important than eating. Compared with the minor aspects of etiquette, getting married is more important than getting married. Go and answer him like this:' If you twist your brother's arm and take his meal, you will get a meal; If you don't twist it, you won't have food. Do you want to twist it? Climb over the wall of the oriental family and hug the daughter of that family to marry a wife; You can't get a wife without cuddling, so do you want to cuddle? "

Note 1 Wu Luzi: surnamed Wu Luzi, Ming Lian, disciple of Mencius. (2) Kissing: One of the six major wedding ceremonies in ancient times, the groom personally went to the woman's house to marry the bride and entered the house to pay homage and tie the knot. 3 wings: same as "hammer", stop. ④ (zhěn): twist.

(2) Cao Jiao asked: "Can everyone think that Yao and Shun are different?"

Cao Jiao asked, "Everyone can be Yao and Shun. Is there such a saying? "

Mencius said, "Of course."

Mencius said, "Yes."

"Ten feet for king Wen, nine feet for soup. Today is nine feet four inches long, just eat millet. How can it be? "

Cao Jiao asked again, "I heard that King Wen is ten feet long and Tang is nine feet long. My Cao Jiao is over nine feet four inches tall. I only know how to eat. How do I (become Yao Shun)? "

He said, "What happened to Xi? That's all. If someone here can't win a pony, then he can't do anything; Today, raising a hundred emperors is a powerful person, but Wu Huo's appointment (2) is only for Wu Huo. Madam, do you think you are invincible? Fu Wei's ear. After Xu Xing, the elder called the younger brother, before the sprint, the elder called the younger brother. Brother Xu, why can't people do it? So is what you don't do Yao Shun is just a filial brother. It's Yao. The son took Yao's clothes and went to Yao's place behind his back. It is embarrassing for a child to take clothes, recite words and travel. "

Mencius said, "What's so hard about this? Do it. If a person can't lift a chicken, he is a man without strength; If you can lift 3000 kilograms, you are a man of great strength. In this case, as long as you can lift the weight lifted by the fire, it becomes a fire. What a person can worry about is his incompetence. Just don't do it Those who walk slowly behind their elders are called "Zan" and those who walk fast in front of them are called "Bu". Walk slowly, can't you be alone? Just don't do it The way of Yao and Shun is filial piety and sorrow. If you wear Yao's clothes, say what Yao says and do what Yao does, you will become Yao. Wear Jie's clothes, say Jie's words and do Jie's things, and you will become Jie. "

He said, "If you make friends with Zou Jun, you can leave the museum and you are willing to stay and be employed."

Cao Jiao said, "I can meet Zou Jun. I can borrow a place from him. I'd like to stay under your door and study."

Yue: "If Tao is natural, how can you know it?" ? I don't want to hear it when I'm sick. Children come back and ask for it, and there are many teachers. "

Mencius said, "The Tao of Yao and Shun is like Tao. What's the hard part? I'm afraid people won't ask. Go back and find, there will be many teachers. "

Note ① Cao Jiao: name, life is unknown. (2) Wu Huo: The name of a person, which is said to be a Hercules in ancient times.

(3) Gong Sunchou asked: "Gao Zi said ①:" Little Brother "②, the poem of a villain."

Gong Sunchou asked, "Gao Zi said that Xiao Ge was a poem written by a villain. (Right? )"

Mencius said, "Why do you say it?"

Mencius said, "Why do you say it?"

Say, "Complain."

(Gong Sunchou) said, "Because there is resentment in the poem."

Yue: "Those who are solid are noble!" There are people here, and the more people bow and shoot, the more they talk and laugh; Without him, it is also sparse. His brother closed his bow, shot out, and cried. Without him, there is sadness. The resentment of "little brother" is also a kiss; Kiss, Renya. Being a good husband is a poem! "

Mencius said, "Mr. Gao's comments on poetry are too dull! If there is a person, the Vietnamese shot him with a bow, and he can still talk and laugh about it afterwards; There is no other reason, just because he is alienated from the Vietnamese. If his brother had shot him with a bow, he would have said it in tears. There is no other reason, just because I am close to my brother. The resentment on the younger brother comes from loving his loved ones, and loving his loved ones is benevolence. Too pale, Mr. Gao Lao's poetic theory! "

Say, "Why doesn't Kaifeng complain?"

Gong Sunchou asked, "Why is there no resentment in the poem Kaifeng?"

Yue: Kai Feng, the one who is too young; "Small chemical industry", the kiss is too big. Kiss more and complain less; Too young to complain. The rarer, the more unfilial; You can't live in Los Angeles, and you're not filial. Confucius said,' I obey my filial piety and yearn for it at fifty.' "

Mencius said: "The poem" Opening the Wind "is about the mother's minor faults; What little brother wrote was his father's big mistake. If parents make a big mistake and don't resent it, they will be more alienated from their parents; Parents' small mistakes and resentment can't be aroused at all. It is unfilial to alienate parents more; It is also unfilial not to be stimulated by (parents). Confucius said,' Shun is the most filial and still misses his parents at the age of 50. "

Note ① High posture: Life is unknown. (2) Xiao Ge: One of Xiao Ya in The Book of Songs. The old saying is a poem accusing Zhou Youwang. After marrying Shen for the first time, he was born in a mortar and became a prince. After the pet praised him, he replaced his son Fu Bo with a prince. After applying for abolition, he and the prince should be mortars. This poem is about the sadness and resentment of September 19th. The legend was written by teacher Yijiu. (3) Kai Feng: One of the Book of Songs. It is said that there was a mother of seven sons in Weiguo who wanted to remarry, so the seven sons wrote this poem to make her feel better.

(4) General Song■ Chu ①, Mencius met a stone pier and said, "What is it, sir?"

Song is going to Chu. Mencius met him in Shiqiu and asked, "Where is Mr. Wang going?"

He said, "I heard that Qin Chu has formed an army. I will give up when I see the King of Chu. The king of Chu was unhappy, so I went to see the king of Qin and forgot about it. I will meet the second king. "

Song said, "I heard that Qin and Chu were at war. I want to see the king of Chu and persuade him to stop fighting. If the king of Chu is unhappy, I will go to see the king of Qin again and persuade him not to fight again. Of the two kings, I will always meet someone who can make sense. "

He said, "Don't ask me in detail, I want to hear what it means. What will it look like? "

Mencius said, "I don't want to ask a detailed question, I just want to know your main idea." How are you going to persuade? "

Yue: "I don't know."

Song said, "I want to point out the disadvantages of fighting to them."

He said, "A gentleman's ambition is great, and his title is indispensable. Mr. Eli said that the King of Qin and Chu and Wang Yue of Qin Chu were beneficial to him, and they could not be teachers of the three armed forces. What is happy and satisfied with him is a man from the three armed forces. A minister must be a minister, a son must be a father, and a brother must be a brother. It is the monarch, ministers, father and son, and brothers who finally move towards righteousness. Those who will not die will have nothing. Mr. Wang said that the king of Qin Chu, the king of Qin Chu, said benevolence and righteousness, to stop being the teacher of the three armed forces, to stop the folk music of the three armed forces, and to enjoy benevolence and righteousness. A benevolent minister is a gentleman, a benevolent son is a father, and a benevolent brother is a brother. It's a monarch, a father and son, a brother, benefiting from each other, but not a king, nothing. Why bother to make a profit? "

Mencius said, "Your intentions are really excellent, and your words are not true." Mr. Wang used profits to persuade the king of Qin and the king of Chu. The king of Qin and the king of Chu wanted to make the army cease fire, which made the officers and men of the three armed forces happy to stop fire because of the pursuit of profit. (If so,) the courtiers serve the monarch with the concept of profit, the son serves his father with the concept of profit, and the younger brother serves his brother with the concept of profit, which will eventually make the monarch, father and son and brothers deviate from justice and treat each other with the concept of profit. Such a country has never perished. Mr. Wang (if) advised the King of Qin and the King of Chu with benevolence and righteousness. They love benevolence and righteousness, and letting the army stop fighting will make the officers and men of the three armed forces happy to stop fighting because they love benevolence and righteousness. (If that's the case,) I serve you with benevolence, my son with benevolence and righteousness, and my brother with benevolence and righteousness. This will make the monarch, father and son get rid of the idea of profit-seeking and treat each other with benevolence and righteousness. Such a country has never been the king of the world. Why talk about profits? "

Note 1 Song (kē ng): Song people, also known as Song■ and Song Rong, were famous scholars during the Warring States Period.

(5) Mencius lived in Zou and served as a local guard in any season. He paid the money and refused to report it. In Pinglu (2), the store owner is a relative, and the money is paid, but it is not reported. Another day, by Zou Zhiren, see ji zi; From land to land, there is no storage. Wu Luzi was delighted: "Easy to contact." He asked, "For the position of master, see Ji Zi; Qi, I don't see my son. Why should I be a relative? "

Mencius lived in Zou (then), and Renji was an agent in China, giving gifts to make friends with Mencius. Mencius accepted the gifts without thanking him. (Mencius) lived in Pinglu (at that time), and Zi Chu was appointed as the minister of Qi. He made friends with Mencius as a gift, but Mencius didn't thank him for it. Later, when Mencius arrived from Zou and visited Ji Zi. I went to Qi from Pinglu, but I didn't go to Zi Chu. Wu Luzi said happily, "I found the teacher's mistake." Asked: "The teacher went to Ren Guo to visit Ji Zizhi; When I arrived in Qi, I didn't visit Zi Chu because Zi Chu only took photos? "

"No," he said. The Book says:' There are many instruments for pleasure, but the instruments are inferior to things, and you don't want to be happy.' I can't enjoy it. "

Mencius said, "No, history books say,' Rites are more important than rites. If etiquette does not match the gift, it is called no dedication, because the heart is not dedicated. This is because it will not be a dedication. "

Lu Wu Confucius said. Or ask, Wu Luzi said, "Ji Zi can't leave, and Zi Chu can get land."

Wu Luzi was very happy to hear that. When someone asked him about it, Wu Luzi said, "Ji Zi (acting as state affairs) can't go to Zouzhou in person, but Zi Chu (an important minister) can go to Pinglu in person."

Note 1: Ren Zhidi. ② Pinglu: the place name of Qi State, namely Wenshang County, Shandong Province. Company 3: the name of Wu Luzi.

(6) Chunyu Kun said: "The first real person is also a person; After fame and reality, it is also self-sufficient. Master is among the three ministers, but his name is not added. Is the benevolent really like this? "

Chunyu Kun said: "The world should pay attention to fame; He who despises fame and achievements does it for himself. Mr. Wang's position is among the three ministers of Qi, but as far as fame and political achievements are concerned, he can't correct the monarch in the world and save the people in the next, so he resigned and left. Is this what a benevolent person should look like? "

Mencius said: "Those who are in a lower position, who are not corrupted by virtue, are Bo Yi;" Five soups, five outstanding figures, and benefiting yin; Liu Xiahui is also a man who does not abuse the monarch and does not hesitate to be a small official. The third son is different and tends to be one. One is what? Yue, people also. A gentleman is just a benevolent person. Why does he want the same? "

Mencius said: "it is Boyi's attitude to be inferior and not to be a saint for an immoral monarch;" Five times as much as the Tang Dynasty and five times as much as the solution, this is Yi Yin's attitude; Liu Xiahui's attitude is not to hate fatuous monarchs, nor to refuse small official positions. Three people do things differently, but the direction is the same. What is consistency? It's benevolence. As long as a gentleman is benevolent, why should he be everywhere? "

He said: "When Lu Miaogong was in power, officials were officials, while Liu Zi and Zisi were ministers. Lu's criticism is also generous. If it doesn't matter, the help of saints will not benefit the country! "

Chunyu Kun said, "When Duke Miao of Lu was in charge of state affairs, Liu Zi and Zisi were also ministers of the imperial court. However, the territory of Lu was invaded by other countries, and the sages were not good to the country, that's all! "

He said, "I died without Priscilla, but ruled with it. He who doesn't need a sage will die. What can you get? "

Mencius said: "The state of Yu died because it didn't need Priscilla, and if it used him, it would rule the country.". It is obvious that it will die without a sage. I wanted to cede some places. Can you do it? "

Yue: "The former dynasty was in Qi ⑤, and Hexi was good at it; Miankui is in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, singing in a friendly way; The wives of Zhou Hua and Qi Liang are good at crying to marry their husbands and changing national customs. What's inside must be outside People who don't do anything for their jobs have never seen a job. Therefore, there is no saint. If there is, you must know it. "

Chunyu Kun said: "In the past, Wang Bao lived near Qishui, so Hexi people were good at singing;" Mian lives in Gaotang, so people in the west of Qi can sing very well. The wives of Zhou Hua and Qi Liang were very sad because of their husbands' death, which changed the atmosphere of the whole country. What's inside is bound to show up outside. I haven't seen anything like this before doing that without seeing the effect of that thing. So there are no sages now. If there are, I will know. "

He said: "Confucius is a boy's mouth, so he doesn't need it, so he sacrifices meat and goes without tax." Those who don't know think it's meat, and those who know it think it's rude. Confucius wanted to commit some minor crimes, but he didn't want to commit them. No one knows what a gentleman does. "

Mencius said: "Confucius, as the commander-in-chief of Lu, is not trusted." Once he followed (lujun) to sacrifice, but the meat was not delivered as required and he left without taking off his hat. People who don't know Confucius think that he left for that little sacrifice. People who know Confucius only think that he left because of Lu's rudeness. As for Confucius, he just wants to leave on some minor charges and doesn't want to abandon his official casually. What a gentleman does is very understandable. "

Note ① Chunyu Kun: See the note in Chapter 17 of Li Lou. ② Sanqing: refers to Shangqing, Yaqing and Xia Qing, all of which are appellations. (3) Gong Yizhi: Gong Yixiu, former minister of Lu. 4 and Zisi: Liu Zi, that is, Liu Xie, was a wonderful duke of Qing Lu. Zi Si, grandson of Confucius, Ming Ji. ⑤ Wang Bao: A patriotic person, good at singing. Qishui is the name of Weiguo River. ⑥ Chrysanthemum: A good singer. Gao Tang: the name of Qi State. ⑦ Zhou Hua and Qi Liang: When Qi attacked Ju, the doctor of Qi died. It is said that after hearing the news, their wives began to cry at the city wall, which collapsed. The people of Qi were infected, and they cried with the greatest kindness. 8 roast meat: cooked meat used for sacrifice. In the ancient ceremony, after the emperor and the vassal finished the sacrifice, part of the meat was given to the doctor. (9) Confucius wants to commit a minor crime: The implied meaning of this sentence is that Confucius doesn't want people to think that it is the fault of the rulers of Lu that he abandoned his official position, because it is impolite to do so.

(7) Mencius said: "The five tyrants are sinners of the three kings; Today's princes, five tyrants sinners; Today's doctors are also sinners of today's princes. The emperor is suitable for the governors to inspect the inauguration ceremony, and the governors report to the emperor. There is not enough plowing in spring, and harvesting in autumn will not help. Entering its territory, land reclamation, field management, supporting the elderly and respecting the virtuous, Jie Jun was in office, and there was a place of celebration. Entering its territory, the land is barren, so the old man loses his sage. If you are in office, you will be allowed. If you don't go to court, you will be demoted; If you don't go to North Korea, you will cut land; If you don't move, the sixth division will move. Therefore, the emperor wants it without cutting it, and the princes want it without cutting it. The five tyrants attacked with their arms around the princes, so they were sinners of the three kings. Five tyrants make Huan Gong prosperous. Guild of Guishan (2), the princes tied books without bleeding (3). At the beginning of my life, I said that I was unfilial, had no easy tree, and had no concubine as my wife. Life comes again, respecting the virtuous and educating people, and showing people by virtue. Sansheng said, respect the old and love the young, and don't forget the guests. Four lives say that no official in the world is overweight, no official is overweight, and no doctor dies. The five orders say that there is no prevention, no suppression, no seal and no accusation. Yue, everyone in our alliance, made up after the alliance ended. Today's governors all violate the five prohibitions, so today's governors are also five tyrants. The evil of a long monarch is small, but the evil of every monarch is great. Today's doctors all encounter the evil of the king, so it is said that today's doctors are also sinners of today's king. "

Mencius said, "Five tyrants are sinners of three kings, today princes are sinners of five tyrants, and today doctors are sinners of today princes. The emperor's visit to the vassal is called hunting patrol, and the vassal's meeting with the emperor is called debriefing. (The emperor visited the hunting grounds,) inspected the farming situation in spring and subsidized the farmers who lacked (seeds and labor); Check the autumn harvest and help farmers who lack food. Entering a vassal state, reclaiming a lot of land, intensive cultivation, supporting the elderly, respecting sages, talented people will be rewarded and rewarded with land when they become officials. If you enter a vassal state, the land is barren, the old people are abandoned, the sages are excluded, and corrupt officials are in office, then you should be punished. If a vassal fails to appear before the emperor once, he will be demoted; If you don't appear in court twice, you will cut his fief; Send troops without appearing in court three times. Therefore, the son of heaven (only for guilty princes) issued a decree to condemn their crimes, rather than (personally) conquering; The vassal conquered without condemnation. The five tyrants coerced the princes to crusade against other princes (violating the rules of the three kings), so the five tyrants were sinners of the three kings. Of the five tyrants, Qi Huangong is the strongest. At the Kwai Autumn League meeting, the vassals tied the sacrifices and put the League book on it, which was not bloody. Article 1 of the Covenant says that to punish unfilial people, it is not allowed to change the status of the prince or marry a concubine without authorization. The second article says, respect the virtuous and educate the talented and recommend people with virtue. The third article says to respect the old and love the young, and don't forget the guests and tourists. Article 4 says that a scholar cannot be an official from generation to generation or concurrently hold public office. They must be properly chosen and must not kill doctors without authorization. Article 5 says don't build dams everywhere, (monopolize water conservancy) don't stop neighboring countries from buying grain, and don't give rewards without reporting to the leaders. Finally, the alliance book says that all the people in our alliance will resume friendly relations after the alliance. Now the governors have violated these five vows, so now the governors are sinners of the five tyrants. Encouraging the king's fault (because of obeying the king) is a small crime; It is a great sin to pander to the king's fault. Today's doctors cater to the faults of kings, so they are sinners of princes. "

Note (1) Five tyrants: refers to the five princes who dominated successively in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the specific five princes have different opinions; According to the original work of Mencius, it may refer to Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Qin Mugong, Duke Zhuang of Chu and Prince He Lv. ② Kwai Shan Club: Kwai Shan, a place name, is located in the east of lankao county. Hui, and the ancient governors United to form an alliance. During the alliance, cows should be used as sacrifices, either to kill or not to kill. ③ shà blood: the ceremony of alliance. When the alliance was established, the sacrifice was killed to take blood, and the blood was contained in the mouth of the oath taker or smeared on the mouth to show honesty. No bloodshed, which means that people who believe in the alliance dare not break their word.

(8) Lu Yu made Shenzi a general. Mencius said, "If you use it without teaching the people, it will harm the people. Those who harm the people are not allowed to live in the world of Yao and Shun. When Qi is defeated, there must be Nanyang, but it is impossible. "

Lu wants Shen Zi to be a general. Mencius said, "To use the people without training them first is to harm them. People who harmed the people were not allowed to survive in the Yao and Shun era. (Now even if Lu) won Qi in World War I and recovered Nanyang, it still won't work. "

Shen Zi was furious and said, "This is slippery."

Shen Zi suddenly said unhappily, "This is really something I don't understand."

He said, "I made it clear to my son. Fang Li Qian, the land of the son of heaven; Not thousands of miles, not enough for the princes. The land of princes is a hundred miles; Within a hundred miles, it is not enough to keep the ancient books of the ancestral temple. Duke Zhou's seal is in Lu, which is Fang Baili; Land is not insufficient, but frugal. The seal of the squire is in Qi, and it is also a square hundred miles; Land is not insufficient, but frugal. Today, Fang Lu is a hundred miles away. What will Lu lose and gain if his son thinks he is a king? What's more, it is better to kill for it than to exchange it with others. A gentleman's business is also a gentleman's business, just to guide his monarch to govern and be benevolent. "

Mencius said, "I'll make it clear to you. The land of the son of heaven is thousands of miles square; Less than a thousand miles square, not enough to collect princes. The land of princes is a hundred miles square; It is not enough to put ancient books in the ancestral hall if it is less than a hundred miles square. (In those days) Duke Zhou enfeoffed Shandong, which was a piece of Baili Fiona Fang; Land is not insufficient, just a hundred miles square. Taigong packet in qi, is also a hundred miles square; It's not that there is not enough land, it's just a hundred miles square. Now, the land of Lu is as big as 500 square miles. Do you think if there is a holy king, Lu will be among the land that should be reduced or increased? It is easy to merge the land there into here. Don't do such a thing, let alone kill people and take land. When a gentleman serves the monarch, he should only concentrate on guiding the monarch to the right path and be determined to be benevolent. "

Note 1 Shenzi: He is famous for being slippery. He is said to be a good soldier. ② Nanyang: Place name, located in the southwest of Mount Tai, originally belonging to Lu, and later occupied by Qi. (3) Classics: This refers to books that record the laws and regulations of ancestors.

(9) Mencius said, "You said everything today,' I can open up land for you and fill the treasury.' The so-called good minister today is the so-called thief in ancient times. You don't know your hometown, you don't want to be kind, you are rich and powerful. I can reach an agreement with your country for your monarch, and I will fight for it. The so-called good minister today is the so-called thief in ancient times. You don't know the local road, you don't aim at benevolence, but you seek to fight for it, which is also a supplement to Jay. Judging from today's way, today's customs have not changed. Although it is in harmony with the world, it cannot be done at once. "

Mencius said: "Now people who serve the monarch say,' I can open up land for the monarch and increase wealth.' The good minister we are talking about now is the person who harmed others and himself in ancient times. The monarch does not desire morality or kindness, but seeks to make him rich, just like making Xia Jie rich. (These people added:) "I can gather allies for the monarch and win every battle." The good minister we are talking about now is the person who harmed others and himself in ancient times. The monarch doesn't yearn for benevolence, but works hard for him, which is just like helping Xia Jie fight. If you follow the current path and don't change the current atmosphere, even if you give him the whole world, you can't sit still for a day. "

(10) Bai Gui said, "I want to take one twentieth, so what?"

Bai Gui said, "I want to adopt a tax rate of one twentieth. How about it? "

Mencius said: "The way of the son is also the way of the Tao. One country, ten thousand rooms, one person pottery, but? "

Mencius said, "What you have done is to cheat the country. In a country with 10,000 households, only one person makes pottery. Is that all right? "

He said, "No, not enough."

Bai Gui said, "No, there won't be enough pottery."

Yue: "The husband's grain is not born, but the millet is born; There are no battlements, no palaces, no ancestral halls and sacrificial ceremonies, no princes' coins and no officials. One in twenty is enough. Without ethics and gentlemen, how can we live in China today? Tao is a widow and cannot serve the country. Is there no gentleman? Those who want to be lighter than Yao and Shun are big and small; There are big and small things that are more important than the Tao of Yao and Shun. "

Mencius said: "in that country, grains can't grow, only millet can grow;" There are no walls, no palaces, no ancestral halls and sacrificial ceremonies, no gifts and banquets between princes, and no official distinction. One in twenty is enough. Now living in China, how can we abandon human feelings and abolish officials? There are fewer people who make pottery, but they can't govern the country, let alone have no officials. That is, all countries, big or small, want the tax rate to be lower than that of Yao and Shun. Is a tyrant, big and small, who wants to make the tax rate higher than Yao and Shun's standard. "

Note ①: Bai, Dan and Zigui were former. ② Raccoon: the name of a small country in the north.

(1 1) Bai Gui said, "Dan is better than Yu in harnessing water."

Bai Gui said, "My water control method is better than Dayu's."

Mencius said, "The son has passed away. Yu is a beggar all over the world, because he controls water and knows how to water. Today, my son lives in a neighboring country. Retrograde water is called drowning, drowning, flood and evil to benevolent people. My son has passed. "

Mencius said, "You are wrong. Dayu's water control comes down in one continuous line with water, so Dayu regards the four seas as a place to store water. Now you regard neighboring countries as water storage places. The water that flows back and overflows is called water, and water is flood, which is what the benevolent hates most. You are wrong! "

Note ① Begging for neighboring countries: According to the article Han Feizi Yu Lao, Bai Gui pays attention to building dikes and protecting dikes in water control, resulting in water flowing into neighboring countries and no way out.

(12) Mencius said, "If a gentleman doesn't shine, is persistence evil?"

Mencius said, "What is honesty if a gentleman doesn't stress honesty?"

Note (1) light: the same as "forgiveness" and honesty.

(13) Lu wants to make Le Zhengzi a politician. Mencius said, "I am lucky to hear, but I can't sleep."

Lu wants Le Zhengzi to govern the country. Mencius said, "I am so happy that I can't sleep."

Sun Chou said, "Is Le Zhengzi better?"

Grandson asked, "Is Le Zhengzi strong?"

Say, "No."

Answer: "No."

"Do you know about this?"

"Is there wisdom and strategy?"

Say, "No."

Answer: "No."

"How much do you know?"

"Are you well informed?"

Say, "No."

Answer: "No."

"But Xi is happy but not sleepy?"

(Gong Sunchou goes on to say:) "In that case, why is (Sir) so happy that he can't sleep?"

He said, "He is kind, too."

Answer: "He loves good advice."

"Is it good enough?"

"Is good advice enough?"

Yue: "It's not as good as the world, but what about Lu? If the husband is kind, then all the people in the world will come a long way to tell him to be kind; If the husband is bad, then people will say,' I knew it.' The color of sound is thousands of miles away from people. A scholar stops a thousand miles away, and a flatterer will come. What can you get if the country wants to govern people in a flattering way? "

A: "I like to listen to good opinions. It is more than enough to govern the world, not to mention a Lu country." If you like to hear good advice, then people all over the world are willing to come to Wan Li to tell him good advice; If you don't like good advice, then people will say,' Well, I already know.' That tone and expression have long shut people away from home. Scholars can't stop thousands of miles away, and people who like gossip and flattery will gather together. Is it possible to mix with these people and want to run the country well? "

Note ① (y): The impatient voice when listening to other people's opinions.

(14) Chen Ziyue ①: "How did an ancient gentleman become an official?"

Chen Zi asked, "How did an ancient gentleman become an official?"

Mencius said, "If you go to it, you will go to it." . Greet it politely; Do whatever you say. Politeness has not failed. Say it and leave. Secondly, although you don't do what you say, you say hello politely, that's all. If it's impolite, just go. Under it, if you don't eat in the morning, you won't eat at night, and you can't go out with an empty stomach. When you smell it, you say,' I am ashamed that my great one can't walk in his way and walk in his words.' Zhou zhi You can also accept that you can avoid death. "

Mencius said: "There are three situations for being an official and three situations for resigning. (The monarch) greets him respectfully and politely, and will do as he says, so will being an official. Politeness didn't decrease, but you stopped doing what he said, so you resigned. Secondly, although he didn't do what he said, he was treated respectfully, and so was being an official. Once your manners disappear, you should resign from your post. Worst of all, there was no food in the morning and no food in the evening, so I was too hungry to go out. When the monarch knew it, he said,' I can't carry out his ideas on major policies and listen to his remarks, which makes him hungry and cold in my country. I'm ashamed of it. So I helped him. This is acceptable, just to avoid starvation. "

Note ① Chen Zi: Marco, a disciple of Mencius.

(15) Mencius said: "Shun was born in an acre of land, raised in the middle of a building, glued to fish and salt, raised in a scholar, raised in the sea by Sun Shuai, and raised in the city by a hundred miles. Therefore, when it comes to heaven, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies and empty their bodies, and do everything they can. Therefore, their persistence has benefited them a lot. People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor. If you go in, you can't go home, but if you go out, you will be invincible against foreign aggression and the country will die. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. "

Mencius said, "Follow the field, rise from the slave who built the wall, Jiaozi from the fish and salt dealer, Guan Yiwu from the prison officer, Sun Shuai from the secluded seaside, and Prissy from the trading place. Therefore, God wants to put a heavy burden on this person. First of all, he should make his mind miserable, make his bones and muscles tired, make his body hungry, make his body sleepy, and disturb everything he does, thus shaking his mind, exercising his character and increasing his talent deficiency. A person often makes mistakes before he can correct them; Only when the mind is painful and blocked can you be angry and have hope; Show it on your face, express it in words, and make people understand it. There are no law enforcement ministers and scholars assisting the monarch at home, and there are no evenly matched countries and external threats abroad, and countries often perish. Only in this way can we understand that we can survive in misery and perish in happiness.