Sleep during the day and translate at night.

1. Translation Notes of Zheng Ren Escaping from the Slaughterhouse in Classical Chinese 1. Summer: summer and cool.

2. Lonely Forest: Independent Tree 3. Migration (xǐ): Move 4. Ra (rèn): Sleep on the mat 5. For, the purpose is. 6. also: wait until 7 o'clock. Reverse: Pass it back.

8. Zou (rú): wet 9. Super: (a generic word, the same as: Yue) Yue therapy, 10. Go: Distance 1 1. To: to 12. Seats: sleeping 13. In the evening, he put the sleeping mat under the big tree again.

The moon moves in the air and the shadows of trees move on the ground. He moved his bed with the shadows of the trees, and he was wet with dew. The shadow of the tree moved farther and farther, and his body became wetter and wetter.

It is clever to use during the day, but it is quite clumsy to use at night. 1. When the shadow of the moon moved, he moved back to the shade, but he suffered from dew: when the moon moved in the air and the shadow of the tree moved on the ground, he moved with the shade, suffering from dew wetting his whole body.

2. Being smarter by day than by night: (This method) Being smarter by day is rather clumsy by night. Zheng Ren Summer Resort tells the story of Zheng Ren moving his summer mat to the shade during the day. At night, because the shadows of trees are elongated in the moonlight, Zheng Ren didn't lay a mat under the tree, but moved to the shade like during the day, far away from the trunk. In fact, there was no shelter, so he was wet with dew.

The main detail of this story is that sleeping in the shade at night can't escape the heat, but will get wet. The third is to find a good satirical angle and analyze the causal relationship.

This fable tells people that external conditions are constantly changing, and we should solve problems with the development of the situation, instead of solving new problems with old eyes and old methods, otherwise we will hit a wall and suffer losses; The objective world is constantly moving, developing and changing, and we should also understand and adapt to this development and change, and we should not stick to the rules. Zheng people used summer vacation to deal with night dew, of course, it could not achieve the expected purpose.

Treating changing things with narrow experience is bound to be punished by objective laws. This fable tells people that external conditions are constantly changing, and we must understand and adapt to this development and change, and we can't stick to the rules.

Edit the related links in this paragraph: Let me make an analogy: Huang Lao, the ancestor of Taoism in the way of Three Emperors and Five Emperors, changed his name to Yu Kou Zhuang Zhou, and then Yang Zhu was used by me to change his house skills. At that time, alchemists fasted and fell down every time, while Taoism almost died out. As a result, there have been no books like Tao Te Ching since Qin and Han Dynasties, such as Liezi and Zhuangzi. Only Fu Lang, Fu Lang's brother, Jane's son, Records of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Thirty Volumes of Fu Zi and other unrecorded documents in Song Dynasty are cited in History of the Road.

Gaiwu died in the late Tang Dynasty. I wrote 80 things from various books, kept them repeated, got 50 things, and set a volume for one of the Taoists.

There is a cloud: people's way is also like a mirror, which shines brightly on people. There is another cloud: Yueyin was lost as a Taoist priest, and Yueyin was lost as a famous Ri Zhang.

There is another cloud: Jingshan is not expensive for jade, and Jiao Ren is not expensive for pearls. There are clouds: wood gives birth to candles, candles are full and wood is withered, stone gives birth to gold, and gold gives birth to stone. It has a name, and it is said that it is not excessive. On September 9th, the autumn of Jiaqing Ding Chou, Yan Kejun wanted to tell you.

This fable tells people that the situation will change constantly, and we can't just solve new problems with old eyes and old methods, otherwise we will hit a wall and suffer losses.

I am ashamed that I am too ignorant to make a complete and accurate translation. But the general meaning can be said. I hope I can help you. It's an honor.

During the reign of Jiajing Xinmao (please check the relevant books for the specific time, which is easy to find out), I took an exam in Du Nan (I don't know where I am today), but I went home from Du Nan without passing the exam, living in seclusion and rarely visited by my relatives and friends. Because there is no spare house in the school, I live at home during the day and play with my little daughter. When my little daughter wants to sleep (should be sleeping) or breast-feed, I study Shangshu. My little daughter also likes to play with books. As soon as she saw the book, she pointed to the lines with her little hand and read aloud, as if she understood. Therefore, I have never neglected reading, and occasionally I have some feelings and will record them. No matter what you think, there is an impulse to write, and the pen in your hand can't stop if you want to, just like the ancients said, "A rabbit began to fall". I don't have much time to write articles, so I put these recorded feelings in a box for future review. My analysis article, because there are ancient masters, so I dare not compare with them, so I named it Biejie. I once said: When a painter paints, his ears, eyes, mouth, nose, size, and size are all similar, but people still say they don't, so he must only paint "shape" (appearance) and not "god" (human spirit, temperament, etc.). I dare not say that I have got the "God" in the book, but the purpose of my reading is to try my best to understand the "God" in the book.

There will always be someone who is afraid of the sun and is very different.

I think my life is worth a child, a mouse and a child god, because I love mice. Don't kill mice if you don't keep cats and dogs.

If you cook in the barn, you know how to kill mice, don't ask. Because mice tell each other that they all come to a certain house, it doesn't hurt to be full.

A room has no utensils, no clothes, and a large number of mice eat and drink. Walking with people during the day, stealing and fighting at night, I can't sleep.

When I was a few years old, a family moved to another state. When future generations come to live, the mice are still the same.

The man said, "It's evil, especially theft and violence. Why? " Fake five or six cats, close the door and remove tiles to fill the pit, and buy a cat to catch.

Kill rats like hills, abandon hidden places and stink for months. Oh! He takes his satiety and harmlessness as constants! Fear of the sun: the ancients were superstitious, believing that there were good days and bad days, and were afraid to act at will for fear of committing the sun. Taboos are particularly strange.

Naoko: The year of birth coincides with the year of birth. Zi: indulgence.

Child: servant, slave. Granary: a grain warehouse.

Kitchen: Kitchen. Yi: Clothes hangers.

Piracy: stealing food and ruining goods. Close the door: close the portal.

Shopping: hire servants. Purchase: employment leave: what to borrow: there will always be someone (one person's)

Think of (think of) as your own children (exactly like "value"), and mice and children are also gods. Because (so) you love mice and don't keep cats and dogs, it is forbidden (forbidden) not to kill mice. Cang Xie cooks, knowing (all) comes (lets) the mouse not ask.

By is (. There will always be someone who is afraid of the sun and is different.

I think my life is worth a child, a mouse and a child god, because I love mice. Don't kill mice if you don't keep cats and dogs.

If you cook in the barn, you know how to kill mice, don't ask. Because mice tell each other that they all come to a certain house, it doesn't hurt to be full.

A room has no utensils, no clothes, and a large number of mice eat and drink. Walking with people during the day, stealing and fighting at night, I can't sleep.

When I was a few years old, a family moved to another state. When future generations come to live, the mice are still the same.

The man said, "It's evil, especially theft and violence. Why? " Fake five or six cats, close the door and remove tiles to fill the pit, and buy a cat to catch.

Kill rats like hills, abandon hidden places and stink for months. Oh! He takes his satiety and harmlessness as constants! Fear of the sun: the ancients were superstitious, believing that there were good days and bad days, and were afraid to act at will for fear of committing the sun. Taboos are particularly strange.

Naoko: The year of birth coincides with the year of birth. Zi: indulgence.

Child: servant, slave. Granary: a grain warehouse.

Kitchen: Kitchen. Yi: Clothes hangers.

Piracy: stealing food and ruining goods. Close the door: close the portal.

Shopping: hire servants. Purchase: employment leave: what to borrow: there will always be someone (one person's)

Think of (think of) as your own children (exactly like "value"), and mice and children are also gods. Because (so) you love mice and don't keep cats and dogs, it is forbidden (forbidden) not to kill mice. Cang Xie cooks, knowing (all) comes (lets) the mouse not ask.

So (then) the mice told each other (each other) that they all (all) came to a certain family, and they were full, (seemingly turning point, but) harmless. There are no complete (intact) utensils and clothes in a room, and rats eat a large proportion (most, most) (the rest) (function words).

During the day (during the day), people (often) walk with each other, and at night (just) steal things and fight with each other. They (they) are noisy, can't sleep, and enjoy it (hate it). When I was a few years old, a family moved to another state.

When future generations come to live, the mouse is still the same (in the past). The man said, "It's (this) evil thing, and robbery is particularly (very) excessive. Why (because) it is (a function word) to (reach) this level?" Fake (borrow) five or six cats, close the door, tear down tiles and fill holes, and hire cats to catch them.

Kill rats like hills, abandon hidden places, and stink for a few days. Oh! They (these mice) think that (yes) is (can) unchangeable (forever, forever) and (function words) is! There was a man in Yongzhou who was afraid of violating Japanese taboos and had many taboos and superstitions.

He thinks that the year of his birth is the year of the child, and the mouse is the god of the child, so he loves the mouse very much. Cats and dogs are not allowed at home, and servants are forbidden to beat mice. The warehouse and kitchen at home are left to the indulgence of mice. So the mice told each other that the mice from other places also came to his house, and there was no harm in eating and drinking.

There is nothing in this man's house, and there is not a perfect dress in the closet; Everything you eat and drink is left by rats. In broad daylight, mice often move with people. At night, it chews, bites and beats, making strange noises that make people unable to sleep. He is never bored.

A few years later, the man moved to another state. Later, another family moved in, but the mice were as fierce as before.

The newcomer said: "These bad things that can't see the sun are particularly troublesome, but why are they all in this state?" He borrowed five or six cats, closed the gate, demolished bricks, watered the rat hole with water, and hired servants to search everywhere. Killed mice piled up like hills, and their bodies were left in remote places, and the smell dispersed for months. Alas! These mice think they can live a well-fed and disaster-free life.

Editing this passage implies that even if you can find an "umbrella" temporarily, this protection will not last long and will not end well in the end. We must never tolerate or compromise those bad guys, but we must face them bravely and resolutely crack down.

We can't let them run amok. To make a metaphor, the success of a villain can be arrogant for a while, but it can't last long.

The villains who rely on strength will be completely eliminated. The rat who always seeks is a rat who thinks he is "well-fed and harmless", and points out that if he is "as it is" and "well-fed and harmless", he will be completely eliminated. This fable makes a profound and powerful satire on the ugly world of the feudal exploiting class, satirizing the longitudinal evil.

4. The original translation of "Confucius was trapped in Cai Chen" in ancient Chinese:

Confucius was poor between Chen and Cai, so he didn't drink quinoa soup and didn't taste the whole grain for seven days. A day's sleep, Yan Hui Somy, get and wide, a few cooked. Confucius saw that Yan Hui seized his retort and ate it. When I was a child, I ate well. I paid tribute to Confucius, but Confucius pretended not to see it. Confucius said: "Today's dream is to be the first king, then eat clean and then feed back." Yan Hui said to him, "No, you can't. You should throw away the food and catch it. " Confucius sighed: "Believers have eyes, but their eyes are still unreliable;" People who rely on it have a heart, but their hearts are still insufficient. Disciples remember that it is not easy to know people. "

So it is difficult for Confucius to know others. Source: Lu Chunqiu.

Translation:

Confucius was trapped between Cai and he had no food and rice for seven days. Sleeping there during the day, Yan goes back to beg and cooks when she gets it back. Almost done. Confucius saw Yan Hui grabbing the rice in the pot with his hand. After a while, when the meal was ready, (Yan Hui) invited Confucius to dinner. Confucius pretended not to see Yan Hui's pilaf. Confucius got up and said, "I only dreamed of my ancestors, and I ate clean meals myself before giving them food." Yan Hui replied, "That's not true. Just now, the carbon ash floated into the pot (dirty rice), and it was not good to throw it away, so I caught it and ate it. " Confucius sighed: "(Supposedly) you should trust the eyes (what you see), but the eyes may not be trusted;" You have to trust your heart, your heart can't be trusted. Remember, it is not easy to understand people. "

So it's not hard to understand one thing. Confucius thinks it is more difficult to understand a person.

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece compiled by a group of scholars under the auspices of the Prime Minister of Qin State. This book was written on the eve of Qin Shihuang's unification of China. This book is based on Confucianism, Taoism, Ming, Legalism, Mohism, Agriculture, Soldiers, Yin and Yang, and is full of profound wisdom. Lv Buwei wants to take this as the ideology after reunification. However, the ruling Qin Shihuang later chose Legalism, which frustrated hundred schools of thought, including Taoism. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece of pre-Qin Taoism. The book is divided into 26 volumes, 160 articles, with more than 200,000 words.

As a twelve-year, eight-year and six-year theory, Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals focuses on drawing on the strengths of many schools, taking Taoism as the main body, and accepting the theories of Yin and Yang, Confucianism, Mohism, and military agriculture. But the main purpose belongs to Taoism. Therefore, Hanshu Yiwenzhi listed him as a saint. Gaoyou said that the book "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" was "based on morality and governed by inaction", indicating that the earliest annotators had pointed out that "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" was dominated by Taoist thought.

5. Ask you the meaning of a few words: I am a student of Confucius and listed as "seventy-two sages"; However, Gongye Chang wrote in The Analects that he "sleeps by day", which was denounced by Confucius as "a dead wood cannot be carved", which greatly damaged his reputation.

The Analects of Confucius has more than 2000 kinds of annotations since ancient times. On the issue of "killing and sleeping in broad daylight", most commentators are on the side of Confucius, affirming that saints teach well. Only Wang Chong of the Han Dynasty questioned Confucius in "On the Balance and Ask Confucius": "Is it safe to blame less than the great evil and convince people with reason?" However, it is considered wrong to interpret "sleeping during the day" as "sleeping during the day" whether it is respecting the hole or opposing the hole; Although it is the same, it is actually misunderstood.

The famous "sleeping during the day" is actually just a nap. This goes against the teachings of Confucius. However, as we all know today, this may be in line with the way of keeping in good health.

The word "day" appeared twice in The Analects of Confucius. Once, Confucius said that "the deceased is like a husband, staying up all night." The word "day" is relative to "night" and should be interpreted as "day"; The other time is the "day" of "killing and sleeping during the day". This word "day" cannot be interpreted as "day". Imagine "sleeping during the day" is "sleeping during the day". Does Jae-young sleep every day? Sleep all day? Or do you sleep sometimes? Take a nap? Confucius pays attention to "what he says must be done", so the compilers of The Analects of Confucius will not be unable to express clearly.

The "day" of "day sleep" refers to noon. The pre-Qin period was divided into four seasons. Zhao Yuannian's Zuo Zhuan: "A gentleman has four hours: morning listening to politics, day visiting, night amending orders, and night deciding." Liezi Zhong Ni also said: "Summer is sunny, evening, night and winter are cloudy." It's cloudy in winter and sunny in summer. "They all divide a day into morning, day, night, night and four hours." The Analects of Confucius says: "Confucius said,' He died in the evening when he heard the Tao. "Say" toward "and" evening ",also said from four points a day. Judging from the order of the four seasons, the day should be noon. Therefore, killing "sleeping during the day" cannot refer to "sleeping during the day" in general, but specifically to taking a nap.

There seems to be nothing wrong with taking a nap today. But at that time, Confucius' criticism had its own reasons. Confucius and his disciples were not allowed to take a nap because of "studying day and night", "satirizing and studying during the day" (Lv Chunqiu and Zhi Bo) and "learning while learning" (The Analects of Confucius). Judging from Zuo Zhuan quoted above, "daytime interview" was a compulsory course for "gentlemen" at that time. Therefore, "sleeping during the day" does not conform to the teachings of Confucius, and it is serious enough to be a "gentleman". This is a question of "discipline" and morality. Under the wall of Confucius, when teachers and students are "satirizing their studies", it is inevitable that Confucius will not reprimand them every time they take a nap. Some criticisms are understandable.

However, despite Confucius' criticism, "sleeping during the day" has no practical harm. Zaiyu slept during the day and was reprimanded by Confucius. I wonder if he repented later. But he became a saint after all, which at least shows that he once "slept during the day" and did not have a big negative impact. According to today's medical investigation, "day sleep" is beneficial to health, which is probably the truth that Confucius said, "the way of civil and military affairs is to relax one by one."

A friend of mine came back from an inspection abroad, and everyone said that he had lost weight. Answer: "The most uncomfortable thing is that they can't take a nap there." Confucius really "can't float on the sea by raft".

Unfortunately, Confucius once slept during the day. Lu Chunqiu records that Confucius was trapped by Chen and Cai. "If you don't drink quinoa soup (no porridge to drink), you won't be able to sleep at night if you don't taste the whole grain for seven days (no food to eat)." However, this kind of "sleeping during the day" is probably because of hunger, which is not the same as the "lunch break" class in Yu.

Except that Confucius' occasional "sleeping during the day" in Chen and Cai is a bit heroic, the results of "sleeping during the day" in China's historical records are mostly bad. Here are a few examples: Song Yu's "Gao Tang Mi" in the Warring States Period: "The former king swam in Gao Tang, slept by day, ..." followed by a story of dreaming about the balcony of the goddess Wushan; "Selected Works of Fu Xuan" quoted the ancient Chinese prose "Zhou Shu": "Ginger sleeps during the day and is pregnant." . The more she is favored, the more she steals. "This is a story about a child who is pregnant during the day. "Wei Zhi Wudi Ji" quoted Cao Zang-Zang: "Fortunately, I have a concubine, who often sleeps and sleeps in the daytime ..." Later, this princess became the victim of Cao Cao's "dream killing". In short, "sleeping during the day" is ominous, and even more ominous is that "sleeping during the day" involves men and women. Because of this, Peng Zu said in The Legend of Immortals: "Heaven and earth are separated by day and meet at night, … so there are all things that are inexhaustible. People can (obey) it and live forever. " That is, "sleeping during the day" does not conform to the way of heaven and earth. Confucius rarely talked about sex and fate, but the deep reason why he opposed "sleeping during the day" may also be here.

Most people who wrote "sleeping during the day" in later poems and fu disagreed. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty is accompanied by "Cerf": "Try to learn its skills, save its sleep, and avoid the ridicule of daytime sleep." Tang Chuliang's Ode to the Sun and Peace: "The Confucian classics are ashamed (ashamed of not reading them), and the royal clothes are temporarily put on." It is also a contempt for women, especially maids. Don Yang Heng's "Dream of Spring": "When the sun is shining in an empty room, a beauty in red makeup should sleep by day. I don't know what I was dreaming about, but when I saw Hosta, I fell into my pillow. " Don Li Yuxiao (one is Wang Jian, the other is Mrs. Hua Rui), The Palace Poem: "The sound of a glance on a mandarin duck tile is thrilling in a dream when sleeping in the palace during the day. Yuan (the original) is my marble, and the flower of Haitang hits the warbler. " Li Yu's "Bodhisattva Man" in the Southern Tang Dynasty: "Penglai Courtyard closes the rooftop girl, and the painting hall sleeps day and night." They all scoffed at it.

In short, the reputation of "sleeping during the day" has always been bad.

However, regardless of Confucius' criticism and the poet's ridicule, the trend of "sleeping during the day" in China is still very strong. Bai Juyi's poem "I can't be careless" says: "I sleep in the afternoon and eat at noon." Especially in the hot summer, the first half of Wei's poem "Summer" says: "It is said that people's hearts are bitter, how can they last for a long time?" . No one stays up all day and all night, sitting alone in the mountains. "

What a "no one sleeps all day", the master is alive in the sky, what a feeling!

6. Full-text translation of 12 of Tao Yuanming's miscellaneous poems (2) Traveling westward in the daytime and leaving Dongling in the flat moon. In the distance, the scenery of the sky is swaying. The wind enters the room and the pillow is cold at midnight. The change of qi is easy to realize, but the sleepless night will last forever. I have nothing to say. Wave a cup to persuade the lonely shadow. If the sun and the moon throw people away, they won't get it. It's sad to read this, but I can't be quiet in the end.

To annotate ...

1. Falling Horse: Shen. A: Mountain. Singapore Airlines: Xishan. ② Su Yue: Bai Yue. ③ Wan Li Xiaguang: refers to moonlight. Swing: Great appearance. Scene: The same shadow refers to the moon wheel. These two sentences mean that Wan Li is brilliant and the shadows at high altitude are clear. 4 Tenant: Door. This sentence and the next sentence mean that the wind blows into the room and the pillow is cold. ⑤ Time change: seasonal change. Xiyong: The night is long. The climate has changed, and I know that the season has changed. I can't sleep, and I know that the night is long. Nobody answered: Nobody answered me. Also, it sounds. This sentence and the next one mean that I want to tell my secret, but no one talks to me. I can only raise my glass to the lonely shadow. ⑦ Sun and Moon: Time. Better: stretch, stretch. These two sentences mean that time has abandoned people. Although I am ambitious, I can't apply. ⑧ This means that you are not allowed to apply for the exhibition if you are interested. Final dawn: all night, until dawn. The meaning of these two sentences is that when I think about it, my heart is full of sadness and I can't calm down overnight.

7. The translation of Twelve Miscellaneous Poems by Tao Yuanming (below) The sun sets in the western hills and Bai Yue rises in Dongling.

The moon is far away from Wan Li, radiating brilliance, and the mighty night sky is very bright. The wind blows into the house, and the night is cold.

The climate has changed, and I know that the season has changed. I can't sleep, and I know that the night is long. I want to pour out my heart, but no one answers, so I have to raise my glass to my own shadow.

Time flies, but I can't stretch my ambition. Thinking about it is full of sadness, and I can't calm down all night.

Twelve Miscellaneous Poems is a group of poems by Tao Yuanming, a writer in Jin and Song Dynasties. Second, the original text: I fell into the Xijiang River during the day and came out of Dongling in recent months.

Far away, thousands of people are swinging in the air. When the wind enters the house, the pillow mat is cool at night.

When qi changes, it is easy to realize, but not to sleep. Have nothing to say, wave a cup to persuade the lonely shadow.

If the sun and the moon abandon people, they will be invincible. It's sad to read this, but I can't be quiet in the end.

Extended data:

Creation background * * * There are twelve poems in this group. The first eight songs were written in the same year, Tao Yuanming was fifty-four years old, that is, in the fourteenth year of Yi (4 18), and the last four songs were written in the fifth year of Long 'an (40 1), and Tao Yuanming was thirty-seven. Appreciation of Works This group of miscellaneous poems is actually a poem with mixed feelings, namely "All Encounters" (Shan Li's Notes on Selected Works).

It can be said that lamenting the impermanence of life and feeling the shortness of life are the keynote of Twelve Miscellaneous Poems. This lament about "life is impermanent" and "life is short" can already be heard in The Book of Songs and Songs of the South, but it spread deeper and wider, only in the late Han and Wei Dynasties, from 19 ancient poems to Sancao, from seven sages of bamboo forest to Erlu, and from Liu Kun to Tao Yuanming.

This kind of exclamation has become more and more desolate, more and more profound and heavy, and has even become the typical tone of the whole era. This tone seems to be negative and pessimistic today, but under the specific social conditions at that time, it embodies people's awakening and is the progress of the times.