Who can talk about the origin of Buddhism?

Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BC and later divided into Mahayana and Hinayana schools. The official name of Hinayana Buddhism (Buddhism spread to the upper seat in the south) is

"Pali Classic Buddhism". From the 3rd to 6th century AD, Buddhism was introduced to Myanmar from India or Sri Lanka, and then to Xishuangbanna from Myanmar.

Buddhism was called "Baiba School" when it was introduced, but it was not accepted by the Dai people. Later, the incoming school was called the "Sun-throwing School", which was accepted by the masses and < P > became a popular school. Because Buddhism preaches negativity, patience, reconciliation, samsara, karma and so on, it is conducive to maintaining the rule of Dai feudal lords, and < P > it has been praised, supported and vigorously promoted by the rulers, so it has become a religion believed by Dai and Bulang people.

The basic ideas and teachings of Buddhism spread to the south include four associations and five connotations, twelve karma, three dharma seals, reincarnation and karma. Its classics are generally called Sanzang:

1. Jingzang, which means "Su Dian is bigger than Da Ga" in Dai language;

second, the law of Tibetan, Dai language "Wei nai ya bi da ga";

third, on Tibet, Dai language "apitan mabi daga". There are also many Tibetan classics. Buddhism in Shangbu, which is spread to the south, requires monks and believers to strictly abide by the ten commandments:

don't kill, steal, be immoral, lie (don't hold grudges), drink too much, eat after noon, watch songs and dances, wear no flowers or perfume,

don't sit on high places and save gold and silver.

The Buddhist buildings in Xishuangbanna are mainly the Buddhist Temple, Busatang (Jietang) and Pagoda, especially the Buddhist Temple and Pagoda, villages and villages where the Budai and Bulang nationalities live. There are many famous products at home and abroad, which have become a major landscape in Xishuangbanna.

There are many Buddhist activities and festivals in Shangbu Buddhism spread to the south, mainly including the following nine items:

1. The bathing Buddha Festival in June of Dai calendar is the Dai calendar New Year, which is called "Water Splashing Festival" by foreigners.

2. "Mwasa" (September 15th in the Dai calendar) and "Wowasa" (December 15th in the Dai calendar),

namely "Closing Day" and "Opening Day". A full three months is a net fasting period.

3. Give. It is a donation activity of believers to monks. There are many festivals, at least 7 times a year.

4. "milligan", that is, taboo day, is in February of Dai calendar.

5. "sow the pa", that is, promote the monk.

6. "Mark Pawa" is a sacrifice to Foshan.

7. "Songsangka", on May 15th in the Dai calendar, is the gathering day of monks.

8. "broadcast the director", that is, erect the flagpole.

9, "machine light Luo", that is, burning white firewood piles, congratulations to Pa Zhao

on his ascension to heaven. Every man of the Dai and Bulang nationalities has to be a monk in a Buddhist temple for a period of time when he is about seven or eight years old, before he has the right and obligation to get married, < P > or he will be looked down upon. Being a monk varies in length, while others are monks for life.

the origin of Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhism originated in ancient India (Tianzhu), and it is said that it was founded in the 6th century BC by Siddhartha Gautama, the eldest son of King Surabaya in northern Tianzhu (present-day Nepal), with a history of more than 2,5 years. Legend has it that Siddhartha was born in 565 BC, died in 485 AD, and lived about 8 years, roughly at the same time as Confucius in our country. Because he is a Sakyamuni, his disciples later called him Sakyamuni, which means a sage of Sakyamuni.

Buddhism came into being under the historical conditions of extremely turbulent society under the slavery system in ancient India. At that time, India's social productive forces had developed to the widespread use of iron, the level of agricultural production had been improved, handicrafts and commerce had also developed, and a number of small towns and cities had sprung up (Kapilowei was a small state at that time), often invading each other and colliding with each other. Politically, Aryans entered the Indus Valley from Central Asia, conquered the indigenous peoples and established a barbaric caste system. The caste system divides people into four classes, with monks (called Brahmins) who master sacrificial culture and education as the highest social stratum and slaves (called sudra) as the lowest social stratum. Sudra, a non-Aryan, was subjected to extremely cruel class oppression and national oppression, and was arbitrarily expelled or even mutilated by her mother-in-law, Rohm. This unequal caste system was not only stipulated in the law, but also enshrined and unshakable in the then dominant Brahmanism. At that time, class contradictions and ethnic contradictions were mainly reflected in the caste system, which formed a sharp and complicated struggle, leading to social unrest, production decline, and people were in dire straits, unable to get enough food and clothing and stability. Pain, frustration, hopelessness and decadence were the general social emotions at that time.

This social sentiment also infected Siddhartha, a prince of a small state. His thoughts became increasingly depressed, and he had a negative and world-weary idea. He didn't want to inherit the five, so he went out to find a way. At the beginning, he also wanted to find a way to relieve suffering from Brahmanism, but at last he didn't like it, so he abandoned Brahmanism and sat in the forest. After several years of hard thinking, one day he sat on a Biluoluo tree (later called Bodhi Tree). Bodhi means "enlightenment". ) finally realized the way out of suffering, and announced that he had become a Buddha. Later, he went to all parts of the Middle Tianzhu to carry out missionary activities, formed a group of monks, and gradually formed Buddhism. By the time he died, Buddhism had already had a certain influence on society.

The teachings of Buddhism are a very large and elaborate idealistic system. Later, due to the continuous spread, they developed into many different schools, and the teachings became even more chaotic.

"Four truths" is one of the basic teachings of Buddhism. It is said to be the content of Sakyamuni's original sermon. The four truths are bitter truths, gathering truths, destroying truths and Tao truths. "Truth" means truth, and the four truths are the "four truths" of Buddhism. The so-called "bitter truth" means that everything in the world is bitter, and life will encounter birth, old age, illness and death ... Sixteen pains (or eight pains), and there is no pleasure in guiding people to hate the world. The so-called "concentration" refers to the cause of life and its suffering in the world ("concentration" means "cause"). Looking for Buddhists, we found two reasons: one is called "doing things", which is the positive cause of suffering; One is "confusion (annoyance)", which is the contributing factor to suffering. Karma and confusion produce countless bitter fruits. If karma and confusion are cut off, the bitter fruits will naturally be cut off, and the state of "silence is fun" can be achieved, which is called "destroying truths". To achieve this ideal state, it is necessary to cultivate Buddhism, which is the "Tao Truth". The "Tao" in Buddhism is the way of nirvana. The so-called "nirvana" translates into extinction, extinction, silence, death, inaction, happiness, liberation, etc., and is actually a pseudonym for death (there are as many as 6 or 7 such aliases). Buddhist practice, with Nirvana as its ultimate goal, is actually to guide people to seek death. Among the four truths, suffering and extinction are particularly important. Life is the hardest and nirvana is the happiest. This is the basic idea of Buddhism. It is the most fragile and cowardly thought. I dare not touch the problems in real life at all, but only paralyze the people's will to struggle with passive world-weariness and the pursuit of death. The bitter truth regards birth, old age, illness and death as the greatest suffering in life, and thinks that no one can escape these sufferings, the poor are like this, and the rich are like this, which cleverly covers up class contradictions and ignores that class exploitation and class oppression are the root causes of the suffering of the oppressed people. This kind of preaching is of course beneficial to the exploiting class. It is true that the exploiting classes will also encounter problems such as birth, aging, illness and death, but they consider such problems from the greedy nature of the exploiting classes, that is, how to live a long life, how to maintain a prosperous position in the afterlife and so on. This kind of preaching not only caters to the greedy psychology of the exploiting classes, but also puts forward solutions to their problems. As long as the exploiting class gives some property to the temple while enjoying it, it can get great blessings. "Shifuta Temple, a thousand times; Shaman almsgiving is rewarded a hundredfold. " This is how Buddhism sells tickets to the exploiting classes to enter the kingdom of heaven cheaply.

Buddhism put forward the theory of "twelve causes" when further analyzing suffering and the causes of suffering. It is believed that the existence of various phenomena in the world depends on certain conditions, and without conditions, there is no existence. The origin and process of human life also depend on conditions, which is the twelve causes. That is, ignorance ("ignorance") leads to will ("action"), which leads to the "knowledge" of spiritual unity, and knowledge leads to the spirit and body of the body ("name and color"). With name and color, six sensory organs such as eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body and mind (heart) are formed, which lead to contact with the outside world. So in the final analysis, the pain of life is caused by ignorance, and only by eliminating ignorance can we get relief. Buddhist classics also interpret the theory of twelve karma as the theory of "three karma". That is: ignorance and behavior are the past causes, and the present results are felt; Knowledge, name, color, six places, touch and acceptance are the fruits now; Love, taking, and being are the causes of the present and the fruits of the future; Life and death are the fruits of the future. Publicizing people's position and various experiences in society is the result of their "good karma" or "bad karma" in their previous lives, which has long been doomed and cannot be changed. This provides a basis for the exploiting class to brutally exploit the working people and enjoy it shamelessly, and explains the suffering of the working people caused by the exploitation system as a reasonable thing. This kind of preaching plays a reactionary role in covering up the evils of the exploiting classes and making the working people obey orders. According to "karma", Buddhism also puts forward the preaching of "reincarnation". The original meaning of "samsara" is "circulation". Buddhism follows the Brahmanism, claiming that all living things will live and die together in the so-called "six paths" forever, just like the wheel keeps spinning. According to Buddhist classics, the so-called "six paths" refer to: heaven, man, Asura (an evil spirit), hell, hungry ghost and beast. If a person does good deeds (refers to believing in Buddhism, etc.), he can ascend to heaven after death. If people do bad things (that is, they don't believe in Buddhism, are uneasy about their own destiny, and violate the interests of others, etc.), they will become animals, hungry ghosts, or fall into hell after death. This kind of preaching has actually become a means used by the reactionary ruling class to intimidate the working people and enslave them mentally.

During the hundred years after Sakyamuni's death, Buddhism was divided: one school was called the "Upper Seats", which was mainly composed of some elders; The other school is called "the Ministry of the Masses", which has a large number of monks. Around the first century BC, some tribes of the Ministry of the Masses formed "Mahayana Buddhism" and called the non-Mahayana Buddhism Sect "Hinayana". Mahayana claims that this Sect is "universal", saying that Mahayana only cares about self-cultivation of the Tao, and when you get the Tao, you will be an "arhat", regardless of others, so it is very undesirable. They call Lohan "self-defeating", which is a little contemptuous. Mahayana declared that he would rather go to hell to cross people than get rid of himself first. This can win people's sympathy and respect, so Mahayana is more deceptive than Hinayana.

In Mahayana Buddhism, there are different factions of "Empty Sect" and "You Sect". Kongzong (also called "Zhongguan Sect") was a sect founded by Longshu and Tipo in the 3rd century. The doctrine of "everything is empty" advocated by Kongzong was suspected of denying the Buddha itself, so it was opposed by other Buddhists. The "Youzong" was founded after the afterlife. There is a Sect, also known as "Yoga Sect", which is aimed at the empty Sect. It is believed that not everything is empty, but the Buddha is still real and there. There is a Sect that advocates the doctrine of "all laws are only knowledge", that all objective things are manifestations of Buddha's nature, and that they will eventually return to Buddha's nature, and that they advocate idealistic subjective consciousness theory.

It is said that Dragon Tree is the founder of Mahayana Buddhism. He not only founded Mahayana Kongzong, but also combined some Buddhist teachings with some Brahmanism teachings and rituals to create Tantric Sect (or Tantric Sect). Later, sects other than tantric sects were called "Xianzong" (or "Xianjiao"). The so-called tantra, first, advocates secret missionary; It is mysterious to teach directly from one person to another; One is to engage in witchcraft and cumbersome religious ceremonies that deceive the world. Tantric sects are more polluted than other sects. After the emergence of tantric Buddhism, it went into a desperate situation.

during the peacock dynasty (about 324-185 BC), Buddhism was designated as the state religion of India. At that time, India's maritime transportation was developed and its foreign relations were active. The country even launched Buddhist missionaries to go abroad to expand its political influence, and Buddhism gradually spread to other Asian countries. South from India to Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and other countries, north through the Pamirs, introduced to China after BC, and then introduced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and other countries from China. Hinayana Buddhism was the main missionary in the south, and Mahayana Buddhism was the main missionary in the north. Since then, Buddhism has gradually developed into a worldwide religion. After Buddhism was introduced into various countries and regions, it was combined with local ideology and religion to form different schools, which became quite active in some countries and regions. But in India, Buddhism was gradually melted by Hinduism after the Middle Ages and declined in the 13th century.

Buddhism in Tibet was introduced from the mainland of China, India and Nepal in the 7th century. Mahayana Buddhism was mainly introduced from the mainland of China, and esoteric Buddhism was mainly introduced from India and Nepal. After Buddhism was introduced into Tibet, it was once forbidden by Bonism. Buddhism and Bonism fought for a long time, and finally defeated Bonism. At the same time, they also integrated some teachings, gods and rituals of Bonism and formed their own strong local characteristics. This kind of Tibetan Buddhism with local characteristics was later commonly known as "Lamaism" by outsiders.