Typical characters and their deeds in reading famous works in senior high school entrance examination. The more detailed, the better.

Robinson Crusoe: a lonely and tenacious adventurer (Defoe)

Main content: The novel describes Robinson, who was born in a merchant's family, in the way of first-person writing. Unwilling to live a mediocre life, he longed for an overseas life full of adventure and challenges, so he set sail from home privately to realize his dream of traveling around the world, but every time he went through difficulties and obstacles. The first part of the novel describes Robinson's three voyages to buy a plantation in Brazil. The second part is the main part of the novel, which describes Robinson's experience of spending 28 years alone on a desert island. The third part describes what happened after he came back from a desert island. The main experience was that he met a wolf on his way back to England from Portugal by land. Servant: Friday.

Reading experience: ① The story is wonderful and bizarre; ② The novel shows Robinson's character of daring to take risks and pursuing a free and unrestrained life; ③ The novel's description of life on a desert island in Robinson Crusoe is realistic and natural, showing the author's extraordinary imagination and artistic expression; ④ The whole novel adopts the first-person narration, and the plots are completely connected through the confessions of the characters; ⑤ The language of the novel is clear, simple and vivid.

Personality characteristics: Robinson built his own house, tried hunting, planted millet, domesticated goats and dried wild raisins, groped for tables and chairs, made pottery, made bread with scarf screens, rescued and trained a savage "Friday" and made him a loyal servant. In this way, he established his own material and spiritual "kingdom" on a desert island. Dare to take risks, dare to pursue a free and unrestrained life, face the difficulties of life, Robinson's actions show a tough character and heroic nature, reflecting the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie. Robinson has become synonymous with adventurers.

Related exercises:

1 and1Rousseau, the most outstanding thinker in Europe in the 8th century, suggested that every growing teenager, especially boys, should read Defoe's masterpiece Robinson Crusoe. This is a literary masterpiece with a wide spread and great influence. Showing a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and enlightenment consciousness.

2. Robinson Crusoe wrote that Robinson Crusoe went to that big ship twelve times, and after removing everything that might be useful for his residence, he felt that it was not suitable for him to stay for a long time and wanted to find a new one. He believes that new houses should meet four conditions, which are:

Examples of answers: it should be beneficial to health (or: the terrain should be high), and there should be fresh water to avoid exposure to the hot sun; Able to resist the attack of wild animals (or: safe); You should be able to see the sea.

Write the name of a story about Robinson saving people on a desert island. (self-drawn) (within 6 words)

Rescue "Friday" and "save the shipwrecked captain wisely"

4. Defoe's masterpiece is Robinson Crusoe. Please write an executive summary of this novel in concise language (about 80 words).

Robinson sailed four times. He almost drowned on his first voyage; The third time I went to sea, I was captured by pirates. After I escaped, I made a fortune in Brazil. But he still didn't give up. On the advice of others, he set sail again As a result, he stayed on the island and lived on an isolated island for 28 years.

Defoe, a famous British writer, whose masterpiece is Robinson Crusoe. Please write an abstract of this novel in concise language (about 100 words).

The novel Robinson Crusoe can be divided into three parts. The first part describes Robinson's three voyages to buy plantations in Brazil. The second part is the main body of the novel, writing Robinson's experience on a desert island; The third part describes what happened after he came back from a desert island. His main experience is the story of meeting a wolf on his way back to England from Portugal by land.

After living in an uninhabited island for many years, he took an aborigine as a slave and named it "Friday" After living on the island for 28 years, he was able to return to his motherland by boat because he helped a captain subdue a rebellious sailor. After becoming a rich man, he sent people to the island to continue reclamation. His name is Robinson, and this work is called Robinson Crusoe.

7. Robinson Crusoe was written by Defoe, a famous British family in the18th century. Robinson is the hero of the novel and the first bourgeois positive image in world literature. He was born in a bad family with a low education. But he has rich life experience and irresistible adventurous spirit. In him, he summed up the indomitable perseverance and fighting spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie, which is full of adventure, ambition and perseverance.

8. There is a true story: 1704, the Scottish sailor Selkirk quarreled with the captain at sea, was abandoned by the captain on a desert island, and was rescued to England four years later. The story caused a sensation and attracted the attention of writers. One of the writers named daniel defoe wrote a novel Robinson Crusoe on this basis.

9. Robinson Crusoe is a successful realistic novel, and Robinson Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, has thus become a famous literary image in the history of European literature.

10, Robinson lived on a desert island for 28 years, which highly embodies the essence of human beings and the course of human progress. He became a hero who created civilization by himself.

1 1, Robinson Crusoe is the protagonist. He dares to take risks, pursues a free and unrestrained life, shows a tough character and heroic nature, and embodies the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie. In the eyes of millions of readers in Qian Qian, his name has become synonymous with adventurers and heroes.

12, reading a certain number of extracurricular literary classics is the basic requirement of Chinese learning. But in addition to accumulating knowledge, reading is more important to learn to think. In the three years of junior high school, you must have read many good extracurricular books under the guidance of your teacher. Please make a short reading note below.

Example: Robinson Crusoe Defoe Robinson In order to survive, one must have hard-working wisdom and tenacious perseverance.

Childhood: Growing up in Suffering (Gorky, former Soviet writer)

Main content: The novel tells the story of Aletha's childhood from three to ten years old. From the time when "I" walked with my mother to the time when my grandfather wrote, and finally when my grandfather told me to make a living on earth, it vividly reproduced the life state of the Russian lower class in the 1970s and 1980s. For example, when I first arrived at my grandfather's house, I saw my uncles quarreling, vying for property, and criticizing the selfishness and cruelty of ordinary citizens; Writing "I" lived alone with my grandmother after my mother died, the author portrayed my grandfather's greed and meanness (lunch was as bad as usual on the day he paid; Pay great attention to the concentration of tea poured for him; Even the oil of the ever-burning lamp dedicated to the icon is bought separately), as well as her grandmother's generosity and kindness (she has to pay for good meat; Silently shed tears for the money he earned) and so on.

Reading experience: it makes people feel sad but not too heavy. It makes people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, light in human nature in ruthlessness, and great power for people to overcome tragic fate in tragic atmosphere.

Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics;

Aletha: Listening to grandma's story, as well as the "good things" of optimistic and simple Zokan, honest old worker grigori and intellectuals who devoted themselves to science, all gave Aletha strength and help, which enabled him to maintain his courage and confidence in life in a dark and dirty environment and gradually grow into a strong, brave, upright and caring person.

Grandma: Just like a bright light brightens Aletha's sensitive and lonely heart, she often tells him some folk stories that sympathize with the poor and praise justice and light. Kindness, kindness, intelligence, ability, love of life, generosity and tolerance.

Grandpa: I often beat my grandmother and children. For example, Alexei was beaten unconscious by him because he dyed a piece of cloth. Cruel exploitation of workers, hiding usury, encouraging helpers to steal. Mean, greedy, bossy and cruel

"I": gradually grow into a strong, brave, honest and caring person.

Related exercises:

1, one of the most basic themes of childhood is: the growth of Alisha. The habit of complaining about ordinary citizens of Russian nationals is the first theme of the author's creation of this work.

2. The novel Childhood not only depicts the sad scene of the author's miserable childhood, but also reflects the general situation of Russian life at the end of 19, and outlines various vivid images of the bottom people in Russia. Please write down the two characters and their personality characteristics that impressed you the most in the novel.

For example: grandma: kind, caring, optimistic and strong; Grandfather: cruel and stingy; Tsuoka: capable, cheerful, etc.

3. Childhood shaped many roles. Grandfather is a stingy, greedy, bossy and cruel man. He often beats his grandmother and children and cruelly exploits his workers. Grandma is kind, smart and capable, loves life, is patient with everyone, and has a broad mind like a saint. The optimistic and simple Xiao Zuokan, the honest old worker grigori, and the "good things" of the intellectuals who devoted themselves to science all gave the hero strength and support.

Gorky was called "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art" by Lenin. His autobiographical trilogy is Childhood, On Earth and My University.

The image of Alexa portrayed in childhood is a universal artistic model for millions of Russian workers to move towards revolution and new life.

6. Childhood portrayed many distinctive characters, such as: brave and upright "I" (alessa), kind and optimistic grandmother, selfish and cruel grandfather, greedy and vicious uncles, happy "Xiao Zigang" and persistent "good things".

How steel is tempered: the banner of idealism and a textbook of life (ostrovsky, a former Soviet writer)

Main content: The novel takes Paul's life experience as a clue, showing the vast historical picture of Soviet Russia and the people's hard struggle life from 19 15 to 1930.

Reading experience: ① This is a novel with lofty idealism; (2) successfully shaping Paul? Kochakin, a proletarian hero; (3) novels are mainly narrative and description, including inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms and so on. Interspersed among them, the characters are lifelike. ④ The description of scenery, psychology and environment in the novel is also excellent, with concise and beautiful language and expressive force.

Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics;

Paul. Kochagin was a child laborer, and he was tortured and insulted at the lowest level of society since he was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu, he gradually embarked on the revolutionary road. After that, he experienced a series of life challenges and made himself stronger and stronger. Even when the injury mercilessly took away his health and forced him to lie in the hospital bed, he still did not give in to fate, but wrote with tenacious perseverance and practiced his life oath in another way. Has the spirit of dedication to the ideal, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle.

Related exercises:

1, Pavel Colta King is the hero in the novel How Steel was Tempered by the Former Soviet Union, and his spirit has inspired millions of readers in Qian Qian.

Do you know the meaning of the topic "How Steel is Tempered"?

Explaining the title of this work, ostrovsky said: "Steel is very strong because it is burned in a fire and cooled to a high degree. Our generation was also tempered in the struggle and hard test, and learned not to lose heart in life. "

Life is the most precious thing for people. Everyone has only one life. A person's life should be spent like this: when recalling the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of being mediocre; On his deathbed, he can say, "My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind." This passage is from How Steel was Tempered, written by ostrovsky.

4. "How Steel was Tempered" takes Pavel Colta King's life experience as a clue, showing the vast historical picture of Soviet Russia and the people's hard struggle life from 19 15 to 1930. As a child laborer, the protagonist has been tortured and insulted by the people at the bottom of society since childhood. Later, under the influence of Zhu, he gradually embarked on the revolutionary road.

People put forward a new proposition: "Should we be Paul or Bill in the new era?" . Paul, who is compared to Bill Gates, is the protagonist in How Steel was Tempered by Soviet writer ostrovsky. He was deeply influenced by Zhu and tonya, and after hard training, he became a proletarian fighter.

6. He grew up in the trough of his life. Later, together with his comrades-in-arms, he struggled against the harsh natural conditions during the period of socialist construction, showing great wisdom and enthusiasm. When he was ill in bed, he overcame difficulties and began to create and continue to work for the party and the people. This famous literary image is Pavel Colta King, whose work is How Steel was Tempered by ostrovsky.

7. Please write a paragraph to introduce Paul according to the following format. It is required to use at least one idiom in combination with other plots in famous works.

Paul is a man of strong will. He devoted his whole life to the revolutionary cause. Although he was blind, he was never mediocre. He finished the book Born in a Storm in his hospital bed, and he explained the meaning of life with an iron will.

8. Write the names of the characters in the story and the names of the works on the horizontal lines according to the following plot fragments.

A specialized hospital in Moscow. When Pavel Colta King was admitted to the hospital, there were many feelings at this moment: for a strong young man, being strong is a breeze; But for a person suffering from illness, being strong is hard and valuable.

Professor availe Bach of the hospital told him bluntly that his eyesight could not be restored.

Title: How steel is tempered.

Who is Who: A Great Man Made by Pain and Suffering (romain rolland)

Main content: A famous French humanitarian writer in the first half of the 20th century. The novel narrates the hardships and frustrations of German musician Beethoven, Italian painter and sculptor Michelangelo and Russian writer lev tolstoy, and praises their noble character and indomitable spirit. Beethoven, whose music was cheered, almost ignored his own difficulties and wrote an immortal ode to joy at the end of his life. Michelangelo, every time he started a project, he was bound to be jealous and resentful by a group of villains. Like Beethoven, he was unmarried for life and could not enjoy true love. He stood with the statue all day until a few days before his death, and finally left a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. Tolstoy had to face the whole aristocratic society and even be excommunicated. At the last moment of his life, he made up his mind to get rid of aristocratic life.

Reading experience: ① Life will inevitably encounter hardships, and life is not full of flowers and joy; ② If you want to succeed, you must overcome all kinds of difficulties in real life; (3) to evaluate a person, we should look at his quality and value, not judge a person by his appearance, but by his partiality.

Related exercises:

1, China's sage Mencius said: "It is a great responsibility for Sri Lankan people to work hard on their thoughts and bones ...", which is deeply reflected in the three protagonists in Who's Who. Please take one of them as an example to talk about how he embodied this sentence in his actions. (Life and specific cases are required, not less than 30 words)

Beethoven was not only short and ugly, but also seriously ill and later became deaf. But this self-respecting musician still believes that "no one can beat me, and I will hold my destiny by the throat." He engaged in music creation with extraordinary perseverance and fighting spirit, and wrote masterpieces such as the Ninth Symphony.

2. Please write the corresponding content in the horizontal line below according to the famous extracurricular reading recommended by the syllabus.

Reading (the name of a famous book), I learned (content):

Example: After reading Who's Who, I learned that Beethoven, a German musician, was full of hardships all his life, but he wrote them as cheerful music and gave them to the world.

3. Whose Biography tells the story of the sufferings and bumpy lives of three famous people: German musician Beethoven, Italian, China painter and sculptor Michelangelo and Russian writer lev tolstoy, and praises their noble character and indomitable spirit.

4. In the west, when referring to famous biographers, people will first mention the ancient Greek historian Brudack, who wrote "Whose Biography", which German musician Beethoven accidentally read and found spiritual comfort that can help him endure illness and overcome pain. Roman? Inspired by this, Roland plans to write a series of biographies of great men, to comfort and encourage those unfortunate people from the spiritual and moral perspectives, to cheer them up, to fight against fate and to transform society.

5. The Ninth Symphony is the most profound and magnificent of Beethoven's works, which embodies the musician's lifelong efforts.

6. Tolstoy's famous works include the novels War and Peace, Anna karenin and Resurrection.

7. The Biography of Beethoven is romain rolland's masterpiece and has always been regarded as a classic in the literary field. Since its first publication, its unique value has made "people seem to find a new support point from it", so it has been rated as one of the "30 best books in human history". Romain rolland's john christopher is a novel based on Beethoven.

8. Biography of Celebrity is an extracurricular reading recommended by Chinese curriculum standards. According to your reading of this masterpiece, answer the following two questions.

This masterpiece is a famous French writer (Roman? Roland) works. It describes Beethoven, (Michelangelo), Leo? Tolstoy's bitter and bumpy life praised their noble character and indomitable spirit.

Please outline a typical example of a celebrity.

Answer: On May 7th, 824, the first concert of the Ninth Symphony was held in Vienna, which was an unprecedented success. When Beethoven, who was highly deaf, appeared, the audience applauded warmly for five times. Beethoven was so moved that he fainted after he finished.

9. romain rolland's Who's Who is three biographies for musicians (biographies of Beethoven), sculptors (Michelangelo) and writers (Tolstoy). The characteristics of these three people are:

[Answer]: All three people are extremely talented and have created great figures in human history. Their lives are rich and colorful, and their works are profound and profound, which have influenced generations.

10, Roman? Roland is a famous French writer and social activist. At the beginning of the 20th century, he wrote biographies for celebrities. His three heroic biographies are Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.

Stars and springs: maternal love, innocence and nature

It is a collection of poems written by Bing Xin under the influence of the Indian poet Tagore's Birds. The content includes praise for maternal love and innocence, worship and praise for nature, thinking and understanding of life and so on.

Related exercises:

1, Bing Xin, the first famous female writer in the history of modern literature in China, was famous for advocating "the philosophy of love" as soon as she entered the literary world.

2. "The flowers in the corner, when you appreciate yourself, the world becomes smaller!" This philosophical famous sentence comes from Bing Xin's work Stars. Bing Xin also wrote a poem "Remembering the Ninetieth Anniversary of the Poet Goethe"

3. Generally speaking, Stars and Spring Water generally include three aspects: one is the praise of maternal love and innocence; The second is the worship and praise of nature. The third is thinking and feeling about life.

4. The poems of "Stars" and "Spring Water" show three themes of maternal love, innocence and nature, which constitute the core of Bing Xin's "philosophy of love".

The Stars and Spring Water was written by Bing Xin under the influence of the Indian poet Tagore's Birds.

6. Bing Xin was originally named Xie Wanying, and his Stars and Spring Water are recognized as the highest achievements of short poems, which Mao Dun called "Stars" and "Spring Water".

7. "Mom, the wind and rain are coming, and the birds are hiding in the nest; The storm in my heart is coming, and I only hide in your arms. " This poem comes from the Stars written by Bing Xin (writer) in Changle, Fujian.

Camel Xiangzi: The Bitter Story of Old Beijing rickshaw pullers (Lao She)

Main content: The novel tells the bitter story of an ordinary rickshaw driver. Xiangzi is honest, strong and patient, like a camel. Three ups and downs, Xiangzi lost confidence in life. By the end of the novel, Xiangzi became a numb, down-and-out, cunning, taking advantage, eating and drinking, gambling and giving up on himself. The novel criticizes the society that doesn't let good people have a way out.

Reading feelings: ① Through the changes of Xiangzi, he criticized this dark society mercilessly; (2) The novel shows us a striking figure painting, a world picture with a strong old Beijing style; (3) He is good at mobilizing various techniques to shape characters, and has strong artistic appeal; (4) The creative use of Beijing residents' spoken language makes the popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, full of national style and local characteristics.

Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics;

Xiangzi: Honest, robust, persevering, self-respecting and hardworking; Numb, down and out, cunning, taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, giving up on yourself.

Tigress manages the workers in the garage and boldly pursues Xiangzi who is bold, provocative and a little abnormal.

Si Liu is cruel and overbearing.

Related exercises:

Xiangzi is a character in Lao She's masterpiece Camel Xiangzi. This work describes the story of Xiangzi, a simple and strong rural man, who went to Beiping to make a living and start a business, bought a car three times and lost it three times, and finally fell into the bottom of his life. Xiangzi and the car are the basic clues of this novel, and the heroine closely related to Xiangzi is Tigress.

2. Xiangzi is an insulted and damaged image of a lower-class worker in Lao She's works. Originally a farmer, he made a living by pulling carts after entering the city. Tigress is like the wife and daughter of Si Liu (Si Liu), the owner of a car factory.

Camel Xiangzi is the author's favorite work and tells the story of an ordinary rickshaw driver.

4. "Camel Xiangzi" is based on the life of Beijing citizens in the late 1920s, with the bumpy and tragic life experience of rickshaw driver Xiangzi as the main plot. Xiangzi comes from the countryside, honest, strong, patient, self-respecting and hardworking. Xiangzi's biggest dream is to own his own car. But his hopes were dashed again and again, and his struggle with fate ended in fiasco. By the end of the novel, Xiangzi has become a numb, down-and-out, cunning, taking advantage, eating and drinking, gambling and giving up on himself.

5. Camel Xiangzi also wrote various other characters, such as cruel and overbearing car owners, tigress who is bold and provocative and a little abnormal, the joy of stepping towards destruction, Mr. Cao, a university professor, and his political persecution.

Flowers in the morning and evening: warm memories and rational criticism

Lu Xun's collection of essays recalling different life experiences and experiences in childhood, adolescence and youth. The book consists of ten articles, including Dogs, Cats and Rats, A Chang, Classic of Mountains and Seas, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Five Classics Meeting, Impermanence, From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. Many articles contain warm memories and rational criticism.

Related exercises:

1 "Morning Flowers Picking Up in the Evening", formerly known as "Remembering the Past", is a collection of commemorative essays by Mr. Lu Xun. Please briefly introduce the main content of one of them (except what you learned in class):

Example: The main content of Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures: My partner and I really didn't have any good picture books to read in our childhood. My earliest album was Twenty-four Filial Pieties. Among them, the two things that puzzled me most, even made me sick, were "Lao Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children".

2.* * * Morning Flowers and Evening Picks 10 Memories Essays. Among them, From Baicao Garden to San Tan Yin Yue and《《》 were selected as texts. Please write another article entitled ". Mr. Fujino; A Chang and Shan Hai Jing

3. Wu Canghui tells a subtle conflict between my father and son when I was a child-my ardent hope for Wu Canghui and my father's obstruction, which shows my father's ignorance and alienation from children's psychology and implicitly criticizes the irrationality of feudal thoughts and customs.

Jane Eyre: The Duet of Life Pursuit

Jane Eyre is a novel with strong autobiographical elements. Although the story in the book is fictional, the life, environment and even many details of the heroine and many other characters are taken from the real experience of the author and the people around her. The author Charlotte Brontexq was born in a pastor's family in the north of England. When Charlotte was eight years old, her mother died young and she was sent to a boarding school. The living conditions there are extremely bad, and both her sisters died of lung disease. So Charlotte and her sister Emily returned to their hometown and spent their childhood in the desolate Yorkshire mountains. /kloc-At the age of 0/5, she entered the school run by Miss Wooler and worked as a teacher in this school a few years later. Later, she became a governess, but because she couldn't stand the discrimination and meanness of Miss Guo, she gave up her job as a governess. She had planned to start her own school, so she went to Italy with Emily and studied French and German with the help of her aunt. However, because no one came to study, the school failed. However, her experience of studying in Italy stimulated her strong desire to express herself and urged her to devote herself to the road of literary creation.

Jane Eyre, written in 1846, is Charlotte's second novel. She expressed her feelings with the struggle experience of a young woman of humble origin, which deeply touched the readers at that time. This novel was published in the autumn of 1847 under the pseudonym of Kohler Bell, and was reprinted twice the following year. This little-known writer Charlotte Brontexq thus entered the ranks of famous British novelists.

Related exercises

Jane Eyre is the work of Charlotte Brontexq, an English woman writer.

2. Jane Eyre is narrated in the first person. The protagonist Jane Eyre is an orphan. When she grew up, she became a tutor in Thornfield's noble manor. She won the respect and love of her master Rochester with sincere feelings and noble character.

3. The life pursuit of Jane Eyre, the protagonist of Jane Eyre, consists of two basic "melodies". First of all, she is full of passion, fantasy and rebellious spirit, and is the spiritual daughter of the romantic literary tradition. On the other hand, she pursues the supreme state beyond personal happiness. "Travel" and "search" are metaphors throughout the novel. The yearning for freedom and happiness in the world and the pursuit of a higher spiritual realm are the two basic motives of the heroine.

Listening to Nature: Reading Tagore

Related exercises

1. Tagore is a great Indian (China) literary master. He wrote more than 50 poems, 10 novellas, 90 short stories, 20 plays, 2,000 songs and a large number of paintings in his life. He wrote the national anthem of India, The Will of the People.

Tagore is versatile, but in essence, he is first and foremost a poet. Gitanjali is Tagore's masterpiece. This is a collection of lyric poems that vividly expresses the poet's religious philosophy. The Gardener's Collection is a collection of English lyric prose poems about love and life, and American poet Pound once praised the poems as "the stars in the sky". Crescent Moon is a collection of prose poems with the theme of children's life interest, which is considered as an unparalleled artistic treasure in world literature. Birds is a collection of philosophical aphorisms. The Collection of Picking Fruits describes the poet's mental journey of pursuing and exploring the true meaning of life.