Aviation chart

China Civil Aviation's own flight information service agency is responsible for the collection and release of navigation data and navigation information, and updates the data information at any time. At present, the charts used in civil aviation flight mainly include jepson charts, FAA charts, and charts made by countries according to their own conditions! In jepson, it is more common. (jepson Company is a company specializing in navigation information services, which collects the navigation data compilation [AIP] provided by various countries and then makes uniform navigation data, information technology services, flight technology training, etc.) CAAC's own charts are also made in China, and the charts made in China are divided into two sets: Chinese version and English version. Because the Chinese version of the charts covers some military information and is state confidential information, we will not do it here. The English version made by CAAC (that is, China Navigation Data Collection AIP) is common except for a few places that are different from those made by jepson, so I use the chart of jepson to illustrate it! First of all, talk about the classification of charts. According to flight rules, charts are divided into: charts for visual flight and charts for instrument flight; According to the airspace division, it is divided into: route or route map (including high-altitude route map and low-altitude route map), regional map and terminal area map;

Now, the charts are introduced according to the airspace classification:

1. Airway or route chart: a chart used for an airplane to fly on an air route or route, which mainly includes basic terrain outline, flight route information, air route code, air route airspace division, air route communication frequency, navigation station information, latitude and longitude coordinates, and restricted airspace information equal to data information related to air route flight; Generally, it is divided into high-altitude route map and low-altitude route map. The content of the route map is relatively simple, which can be understood by reading the legend, so it will not be described in detail here.

2. Area map: Generally, the area map is an enlarged map of the route map of some areas with dense flight activities and complex airspace, so that the content covered is clearer and more detailed, and the content is basically the same as the route map, so I will not elaborate here;

Third, special charts: charts for special purposes, which are not introduced here!

4. Aerial topographic map: This kind of map is mainly used by pilots for landmark reference. The terrain, mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, the altitude of important peaks, important landmarks, the altitude of important obstacles, etc. are plotted in three dimensions on the map. At present, this kind of map is not commonly used.

5. Terminal charts: These charts include many kinds. Such as: airport plan, parking bitmap, standard arrival and departure map, instrument approach map, oil discharge area map, airport obstacle map, air corridor map, etc. Here's a detailed description of these terminal area charts! 1. airport plan:

the airport plan includes the country and city where the airport is located, the name of the airport, geographical coordinates, airport elevation, various communication frequencies of the airport, plan of running and taxiway, sketch map of approach lights, scale, magnetic difference, runway information, etc. This figure is drawn to scale. Jepson chart index number generally starts with 1.

2. Parking bitmap: Parking bitmap generally only includes apron, parking space and taxiway information connected with apron, and some airports do not have a separate parking bitmap

3. Standard instrument approach map covers a wide range of contents, including STAR's approach map label and approach program code in addition to the basic chart title, and important contents such as airport transition height floor. Before the transition from the route flight to the approach phase, the pilot will prepare the approach chart. First, he should remember the transition altitude layer and transition altitude of the airport, and then choose the approach procedure or obey the ATC approach procedure. After that, each point will carefully read the chart information, especially the track, radial line, the height of each point, restricted airspace and the minimum safe height of the sector!

4. departure diagram of standard instrument: the contents of the standard departure diagram are basically the same as those of the standard entry diagram, but first of all, it is necessary to distinguish whether it is DEPARTURES or ARRIVALS, but this must not be mistaken!

5. Standard instrument approach chart Standard instrument approach chart is the most abundant and complicated of all terminal charts, and the approach and landing phase is very dangerous and tense, so you can't be distracted for too much time to look up the data, so the flight personnel are required to be familiar with the content, position and data structure of the approach chart! So that the required data can be found in a short time. There are generally several types of standard instrument approach charts, such as ILS instrument approach chart for precision approach, VOR instrument approach chart for non-precision approach and NDB instrument approach chart for non-precision approach. The format and content of these approach charts are basically the same, but the data are different, so the following figure is only illustrated by ILS instrument approach chart.

6. air corridor map: the basic drawing method of air corridor map is the same as that of air route map, except that the corridor number, corridor width, entrance and exit restrictions are added to the location of air corridor. As you can see, there are very dense restricted airspace around the air corridor, and there are strict height restrictions at the entrance of the corridor. In addition, the width of each air corridor is marked on the air corridor map, which should be strictly implemented during flight!

7. Other terminal charts:

The terminal charts also include the oil discharge area map, the obstacle map of the approach channel, the visual topographic map, etc. Because the contents of these charts are relatively simple and easy to understand, they are not detailed here!