Record Jinhua Shuanglong Cave, main content, segmentation, explanation, central idea, author background, article background …

On April 14, I visited Shuanglong Cave in Beishan in Jinhua, Zhejiang.

It's about five kilometers from Jinhua City to Luodian. After Luodian, it gradually enters the mountainous area. The road twists and turns. There are rhododendrons all over the mountain, and flowers and leaves are more energetic than potted plants. Tung trees are also blooming, a cluster here, a cluster there, a lot. The sand on the mountain is pink, which seems to have never been seen anywhere else. Pink mountains, all kinds of azaleas, plus thick or light new green, the eyes are bright.

All the way to the stream. With the mountain, the stream is sometimes wide, sometimes narrow, sometimes slow, sometimes urgent, and the sound of the stream changes its tone from time to time. About five kilometers into the mountain, I came to Shuanglong Cave, where the stream flowed out.

Looking up at the mouth of the cave, the mountain is quite high, abrupt and gloomy, with great momentum. The mouth of the cave is as wide as bridge opening. When you walk in, it's like you're in a hall, surrounded by stone walls and with a high stone roof above your head. When you gather 1000 or 800 people for a meeting there, you won't feel crowded. The spring water flows out from the right side of the hole. This is the hole outside.

Looking for the source of the spring water in the outer hole, it originally flowed from the hole under the stone wall on the left. Although it is a pore, it can also accommodate a small boat. How about a boat? Two people lie side by side, just right, there is no room for a third person. It is such a small ship. Both ends of the boat are tied with ropes. The workers in the management office first entered the inner hole, pulled the rope inside, and the boat went in. Workers outside the cave pulled the rope at the other end and the boat came out. I was lying on my back with curiosity, thinking about going from the back of my head to my shoulders, to my hips, to my heels, and the boat didn't move slowly until I said "OK". My eyes are a little blurred, but I can still feel the rocks on the left and right and above seem to be squeezing me. I also think that raising my head slightly will definitely break my forehead and scratch my nose. After about two or three feet of water, I went ashore. This is the inner hole.

The inner hole is too dark to see anything. Although the workers are carrying oil lamps, they can only see a small area, and the rest are all dark, I don't know how wide it is. The workers held high gasoline lamps and pointed out the scenery in the cave one by one. First of all, of course, there are Shuanglong, Huanglong and Qinglong winding at the top of the cave. I followed his instructions and liked it a little. Followed by stalactites and stalagmites, what is this and what is that? Most of them are gods and animals with palaces and utensils according to their shapes, and there are more than forty pieces. These stalactites and stalagmites with different shapes and colors are worth seeing, even if they do nothing.

Walking around the cave, I found that the hole inside is much bigger than the hole outside, about as big as a dozen houses. The spring water flows slowly on the right side, with a soft voice, and the source is in a dark cave. I waited in line, then lay on my back in the boat and got out of the hole.

[Edit this paragraph] Teaching plan

I. teaching material analysis

(1) Main contents

This is a travel note describing the author's visit to Shuanglong Cave in Jinhua. It is described in the order of sightseeing. Write down the beautiful scenery you saw along the way first; Then write the outer hole, the outer hole; Rewrite pores; Finally write the inner hole.

(B) the central idea

During the tour, the author expressed his thoughts and feelings of loving the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and encouraged students to love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

(C) the structure of the article

According to the tour order, the full text can be divided into four parts:

The first paragraph (section 1) explains the time and place of the author's visit to Jinhua Shuanglong Cave.

In the second paragraph (the second and third sections), the writer started from Jinhua city, passed Luodian and gradually entered the mountainous area, where he passed and what he saw and heard along the way. Write mountains first, then streams, and finally use "that stream comes out of the hole" to lead to the description of the key Shuanglong Cave.

In the third paragraph (subsections 4, 5, 6 and 7), the author investigates the outer hole, the small hole and the inner hole respectively.

In the fourth section, the feeling of viewing the mountain at the mouth of the cave is written first, and then the outer hole is described in detail, and the characteristics of "width" and "size" in the outer hole are written. Finally, I mentioned the spring water and explained its flow direction. The spring water flows out from the right side of the hole. This is the hole outside.

Section 5 The writer enters the inner hole from the outer hole through the pore. This section is written in detail and can be divided into five layers:

On the first floor, write the origin of spring water, follow the natural transition above and lead to the bottom. The second layer introduces the aperture of spring water. The third layer describes the shape of the ship, which makes people have a clear understanding of the short and narrow pores. The fourth layer introduces the method of entering the inner hole through the pore. The fifth layer is about the feeling of entering the inner hole through the pores. The first is the writer's mood and preparation before crossing the hole, and then the writer's feeling when crossing the hole. Reading makes people feel immersive.

Sections 6 and 7 are the focus of this paper, which can be divided into four levels:

The first layer says "black" and "black hole". Write "odd" on the second floor. By the light of gasoline, the first thing I saw was the "double dragons winding at the top of the cave", followed by some "stalactites and stalagmites". Write "big" on the third floor. "The inner hole is much larger than the outer hole, which is about ten times that of entering the house." The fourth layer writes the "source" of water. "The source is in the dark cave", which shows the birthplace of spring and points out that Shuanglong Cave has come to an end. This paragraph mainly describes the three characteristics of the inner hole: black, strange and big.

In the fourth paragraph (section 8), write a hole and end the article naturally.

This article is clear in paragraph and organization. First, divide the paragraphs according to the tour order; Second, there is also a waterline connecting the full text in series, so there are two lines: the swimming line and the waterline running through the full text at the same time.

If some students regard four paragraphs as the third paragraph, five paragraphs as the fourth paragraph and six or seven paragraphs as the fifth paragraph, it is also possible to divide the whole text into six paragraphs.

Language factor

"There are azaleas all over the mountain, and flowers and leaves are more energetic than potted plants." This is a comparative sentence. Compared with potted azaleas, azaleas blooming all over the mountain are "energetic". "Spirituality" was originally used to describe people, but it is borrowed here to describe the good growth of flowers. Potted azaleas are also azaleas, why can't they compare with those on the mountain? The azalea on the mountain is deeply rooted and leafy, bathed in the sunshine and rain of nature, with tall plants and large and diverse flowers. The artificially cultivated potted plants are delicate but not strong, and can't compare with the azaleas on the mountain.

"Along the stream, with the mountain, the stream is sometimes wide, sometimes narrow, sometimes slow, sometimes urgent, and the sound of the stream changes tone from time to time." This is a causal sentence. The surface, velocity and sound of a stream are all related to mountains. Please look at the following sentence.

"First of all, of course, it is Ssangyong, a Huanglong, and a Qinglong winding in the ceiling. I followed his advice and liked it a little. " Why "first of all, of course" is Shuanglong, which snakes at the top of the cave, because it is the main attraction of Shuanglong Cave, hence the name Shuanglong Cave. Of course, among the many scenery in the inner cave, the first thing to see is Ssangyong. Why does Elymus look a bit like it, so do you like it or not? Two dragons are winding at the top of the cave, which is a dynamic description. There they are, bared their teeth, as if to take off. Coupled with the flickering lights and the transpiration of water vapor in the cave, it really looks like a double dragon is about to fly. However, because Ssangyong is naturally formed by stalactites and has not been artificially carved, Elymus said that it is a bit like it, but it is still certain.

(5) Explanation of words

Hip: the part of the human back where the upper ends of the two strands are close to the waist.

Winding: originally refers to the way snakes crawl. The article refers to the winding appearance of the stone dragon at the top of the cave.

Yan Ming: This lesson refers to bright and vivid colors.

Pore: originally refers to small cracks. This lesson refers to a small hole through which a boat can pass.

Sometimes: adverbs. It means it happens repeatedly from time to time, sometimes.

Winding: winding, winding. In this paper, the highway goes around the mountain and leads to the mountain.

Abrupt and gloomy: describe mountains and trees. Suddenly, tall buildings appeared. Senyu, a lush forest.

Jin: As a quantifier in the text. A bungalow is divided into front and back rows, and each row is called an entrance. The text says that the inner hole is as big as a dozen houses, that is, as big as a dozen rows of houses.

(6) Writing characteristics

In this paper, the sentences describing scenery use metaphors, metaphors, exaggerations and other methods to guide students to appreciate and experience carefully. For example, "my eyes are dim, but I can still feel the rocks on the left and right and above seem to be squeezing me." I feel that I have to raise my head a little, and my forehead will definitely break and my nose will scratch. "Through the description of psychological activities, the author vividly reflects the strange sight of the low and narrow entrance of Shuanglong Cave.

This article is written according to two clues. One is the author's swimming sequence, which is written by grasping the characteristics of the scenery. It is a "smooth" clue; The other is the origin of springs and streams, which is a clue of "anti-" The ingenious interweaving of the two clues not only makes the context of the full text clear, but also makes the orientation and direction of things observed by the author, as well as moving clues and angles very clear.

(7) Analysis of teaching emphases and difficulties.

The focus of teaching is that pores and inner holes are important landscapes of Shuanglong Cave. When learning the section "Pore", students should be guided to understand its "short", "narrow" and "dangerous". Through the pores, danger is not dangerous, so there is something strange in danger, and the strangeness is interesting, focusing on artistic conception. There are two key points in the inner cave: one is the Shuanglong wonder, and the other is the cave wonder composed of stalactites and stalagmites of various shapes and colors. We should guide students to fully imagine and activate their thinking.

Difficulties: There are several difficult sentences in this article, so students should be guided to understand their connotations. Has been involved in teaching material analysis.

Second, the teaching requirements

1. Let students understand the text, which is to record what the author saw and heard during his visit to Shuanglong Cave, so as to stimulate students' thoughts and feelings of loving the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

2. Learn how to write scenery by grasping the characteristics, and cultivate students' ability to observe things around them and describe things in an orderly way.

3. Divide the text according to spatial order and summarize the meaning of paragraphs.

4. Learn to make new words and use "slightly" and "curious" to make sentences.

5. Understand the transitional function of some sentences in the article.

Third, the teaching plan

(A) the classroom content arrangement

The first lesson: explain the topic, introduce the author, read through the text, learn new words and divide paragraphs.

The second lesson: learn the content of the text, explain the sentences and understand the writing method of the text.

curriculum planning

The requirements of the first class: explain the topic, know the author, understand the clues of paragraph division of travel notes, and learn new words by yourself.

The requirements of the second class: read the text, master the characteristics of scenery, understand difficult sentences, and learn the writing methods of this class.

Fourth, teaching skills

1. Almost all the students have never been to the cave, and qualified school teachers should be able to play videos. You can watch slides even if you don't have the conditions to watch videos. Even if this condition is not met, teachers can collect pictures for students to see. In short, there should be perceptual materials for viewing.

2. Write the scenery along the Shuanglong Cave, so that students can understand its role in the full text. Otherwise, if students write travel notes and list the scenic spots in front, there will be a lot of noise and no priority.

3. After learning this lesson, the teacher organizes a tour for the students, which can be close, so that the students can master the characteristics of the scenery and write a travel note in the order of the tour.

A brief introduction to the author of verb (abbreviation of verb)

Ye Shengtao (1894— 1988), formerly known as Ye, was born in guanxian, Jiangsu. He started writing during the May 4th Movement, with many works. His famous short stories include Diaphragm, City, novel Ni Huanzhi and collection of fairy tales Scarecrow. 1957, in his 60s, he visited the Shuanglong Cave and the Hubing Cave in Jinhua, and wrote the travel notes "Two Caves in Jinhua". This article is excerpted from this travel note, and it was slightly abridged. The original text is now collected in Ye Shengtao's prose collection Ten Records.