Poems about scenery, poems about ambition, and poems about homesickness and love. There must be an author and a dynasty.

Early Plum Blossoms

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Liu Zongyuan Genre: Five Ancients Category: Still Life

Early plum blossoms bloom on tall trees, reflecting the blue sky.

The night fragrance blows in the early morning, and the frost nourishes the dawn.

If you want to give me a gift thousands of miles away, you are separated by mountains and rivers.

What is the use of comforting distant guests when Hanying is in ruins?

Early Plum Blossoms

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Zhang Wei Genre: Qijue

A tree with cold plum blossoms and white jade strips stands next to the bridge near the river in Lin Village.

I don’t know that the water flowers bloomed first, but I suspect they haven’t been sold after the spring snow.

Notes

Explanation of the poem

There is a tree with plum blossoms that bloomed early in the cold weather, and its branches are as white as jade. It is far away from the village road where people come and go, and is close to the stream bridge. People don't know that the winter plum blossoms bloom early because they are close to the stream, and they think it is the white snow that has not melted through the winter.

Word explanation

Jiang: far.

Pong: Damn.

Fa: Open.

Jingdong: spend the winter.

Pin: This refers to the melting of ice and snow.

Poem Appreciation

The whole poem consists of writing the word "morning". The cold winter has just passed and the flowers have not yet bloomed. When the ice and snow have not yet melted, the only thing that brings life and hope to the world is a bunch of winter plums. Therefore, countless literati and poets traveled through the snow to look for this early plum blossom that bloomed alone in the cold. By the stream bridge far away from the road, the poet finally saw the early plum blossoms that looked like jade and snow. The image of early plum blossoms is vividly depicted, full of charm, and in tune with the poet's spirit.

Since ancient times, poets have written many poems about plum blossoms. Some people praise the grace of plum blossoms, while others praise the charm of plum blossoms. This poem about plum blossoms focuses on the word "morning".

The first sentence not only describes the whiteness of winter plums as jade, but also echoes the word "cold". It describes the beauty of the early plum blossoms blooming alone in the cold. The second sentence writes that the plum blossoms of this tree are far away from the village road where people come and go, and are close to the stream and bridge. The word "Jiong" and the word "Pang" describe the environment of "a tree with cold plum blossoms" blooming alone. This sentence connects the previous and the following and is a necessary transition for the development of the whole poem. The word "Xiqiao" leads to the next sentence. The third sentence says that the reason for the early blooming of cold plums on a tree is that it is "near water"; the fourth sentence responds to the first sentence, and the poet suspects that the cold plums are white snow that has not disappeared after winter. An "I don't know" plus a "suspect" describe the poet's confused and trance state in which the snow looks like snow but not snow. Finally, when I looked closely, I realized that this was a cold plum blossom that bloomed first near the water. The poet's doubts were eliminated, and the "early" of early plum blossoms was also pointed out.

Plum blossoms and snow often form an indissoluble bond in poets' writings, such as Xu Hun's poem "Early Plum Blossoms" goes: "The plain snow condenses on the trees", which describes plum blossoms as snow-like, and Zhang Wei's poem It is to question the plum blossoms as snow, but the focus is different. Many poets have had similar misconceptions about the winter plum blossoms, which are as beautiful as jade and snow. Wang Anshi of the Song Dynasty had a poem that said: "I knew it was not snow from a distance, because there was a faint fragrance coming." He also suspected it was snow at first, but only when the fragrance came, he realized that it was plum blossoms and not snow. The artistic conception of this article is similar to that of this article. Zhang said that in this poem, he writes about the plum blossoms that look like jade, but not snow, and are close to the water. He describes the form and spirit of early plum blossoms, and at the same time, he also writes about the poet's cognitive process of exploring and searching. And through the surface, the spiritual unity between the poet and Hanmei is written. Readers can appreciate the leisurely charm and endless connotations of the poem through the staggered turning points and the symmetry between the beginning and the end.

Early Plum Blossoms

Year: Tang Dynasty Author: Qi Wei Genre: Wulu Category: Still Life

Thousands of trees are about to break due to the cold, but the solitary root is warm and can only grow back.

In the deep snow in front of the tree, one branch bloomed last night.

The wind carries the fragrance away, and the birds come to see the beauty.

Next year I will be on my own and will be released first on Yingchuntai.

Notes

Explanation of poetry

Ten thousand trees cannot withstand the invasion of severe cold, and their branches will be broken. The lone root of the plum tree absorbed the warmth from the ground and regained its vitality. In the deep snow in Qiancun, a plum blossom bloomed alone in the cold weather last night. Its fragrance spreads in the wind, and a bird looks at this bright early plum in amazement. I would like to send a message to the plum blossoms. If they bloom on time next year, please come to Wangchundai first.

Explanation of words

Wangchuntai: refers to the capital city, and also means hope for spring.

Poetry and Prose Appreciation

Qi is a child of a poor family in the countryside. He studied hard while herding cattle since he was a child.

A few years later, he was able to recite poems and compose poems, and was discovered by the elder of the temple, who took him into the temple and became a monk. One winter, there had just been a heavy snowfall. Qi went out early in the morning and was attracted by the white snow in front of him. Suddenly, several primrose flowers in front of him attracted primulas to sing around the plum blossoms. Qi was already attracted by this. I was stunned by the scenery. After returning to the temple, I immediately wrote the poem "Early Plum Blossoms".

This is a poem about things. The language of the whole poem is light and smooth without any flashy air. It depicts the proud character and plain charm of plum blossoms with implicit brushwork, creating a lofty realm to entrust one's ideals with profound implications.

Looking at Plum Blossoms

Era: Tang Author: He Ning Genre: Ci

There is no news about the spring grass,

There are still traces of the waxy snow .

The cold branches across the mountains are fragrant,

The cold and beautiful fragrance is a pity.

Why is Shouyang nowhere to be found?

Whose flute can I play?

Recalling the Plum Blossoms

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Li Shangyin Genre: Five Uniques

Staying at the end of the world,

Yiyi towards the beauty of things.

Winter plum blossoms are the most detestable.

They are often used as last year’s flowers.

Notes

Notes:

This is Li Shangyin’s later work in Zizhou. It was written in the spring when hundreds of flowers are blooming, and the winter plum blossoms have already bloomed, so it is titled "Remembering the Plum Blossoms".

At the beginning, the poet's thoughts were not on the plum blossoms, but on the pain of staying in a foreign land. Zizhou (the state is located in present-day Santai, Sichuan) is more than 1,800 miles away from Chang'an. Due to the vastness of the territory in the Tang Dynasty, it was called "the end of the world". It was not so much geographical as it was psychological. Li Shangyin came to Zizhou in response to Liu Zhongying's suggestion when his official career was blocked and his wife died. Living alone in a foreign land and staying in the shogunate, I already felt lonely and depressed. I didn't expect to live there for several years. You can imagine how boring and depressed I felt. "Dwell at the end of the world" is the voice of this painful soul. Dingding is like "deadly" or "firmly". The poet feels as if he has been nailed to this foreign land forever. Here, there is intense depression, indescribable boredom, and helpless sadness. Qu Fu said: "The word 'dingding' is a slang word that enters poetry but is elegant." This "elegant" seems to be understood as being rich in artistic expression.

The poet, who was suffering from homesickness and the sadness of being left behind, had to seek solace mentally, so he moved to the second sentence: "Yiyi looks toward the beauty of things." The beauty of things refers to the beautiful spring scenery in front of him. Yiyi describes the feeling of lingering affectionately in the face of beautiful spring scenery. The poet seems to be temporarily comforted by the blooming spring scenery, and a tenderness of infinite attachment to beautiful things arises from deep in his heart. In the first and second sentences, the feelings seem to be completely opposite. In fact, the feeling of "Yiyi Xiangwuhua" is born from "fixed and settled in the end of the world", but the two opposite feelings are connected.

"The winter plum blossoms are the most hateful. They grow like last year's flowers." In the third and fourth sentences, the poem takes a greater turn. Facing the colorful "wuhua", the poet couldn't help but think of plum blossoms. It blooms in spring first, but when the flowers are in full bloom, the flowers have withered early and their fragrance is gone. The poet feels regretful and can't help but resent it. Recalling plum blossoms from "looking at the beauty of things" is a layer of twists and turns; remembering plum blossoms and hating plum blossoms is another layer of twists and turns. "Hate" is the development and deepening of "memory", just as the disappointment of deep expectations will turn into resentment.

But this is just the psychology of ordinary people. For Li Shangyin, there was a more intrinsic reason. The characteristics of "winter plums" that bloom first in spring and then wither in the spring, make the poet naturally think of himself: a young man who is wise and early, has an early literary name, and has an early career. However, what follows is a series of misfortunes and blows. After entering Sichuan, he had already "restrained himself to serve the Buddha, only to be willing to ring the bell and sweep the floor as a walker in Qingliang Mountain" ("Preface to the Collection of Fan Nan Yi"), and his mood was quite depressed. Isn't this "cold plum" that shows up early and withers first, and cannot enjoy the warmth of spring with all the flowers? Isn't it the poet's own portrayal? In the poem "Plum Blossoms in Fufeng Jie Feng in Mid-November", the poet also made the same exclamation: "For whom do they bloom early? They don't wait for the new year to bloom." The early plum blossoms that don't show up early from time to time, "don't wait for the new year to bloom", and the "winter plum blossoms" that "grow as last year's flowers" are both symbols of the poet's unfortunate life experience. Just because seeing or thinking about it will touch the sorrow of early show and wither, the poet will naturally complain that "winter plum blossoms are the most hateful". When the poem is written here, it ends sadly, revealing a silent and sad mood.

Five-character quatrains should be composed naturally and coherently, and should not be deliberately carved or have twists and turns.

This poem "Recalling Plum Blossoms" has "extremely twists and turns in its meaning" (Ji Yun's comment), but it does not give people a sense of being loose, broken, or sculpted and unreal. The key is that the twists and turns are inseparable from the poet's life experience of sinking and wandering. In this way, we can subtly turn inward, see unity in the twists and turns, see unity in the multiplicity, and reach the state of being without traces.

Early plum blossoms

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Meng Haoran Genre: Five Ancients

There are early plum blossoms in the garden, which bloom in the cold weather.

The young women scrambled to climb up and down, and were about to return to the mirror. ①

I still don’t see enough, but I want to cut it with scissors.

Chrysanthemums

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Huang Chao Genre: Qijue Category: Still Life

When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom.

The towering incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the whole city is covered with golden armor.

Notes

Also titled: Bu Di Hou Fu Ju

The title of this poem is "Fu Di Hou Fu Chrysanthemum" in "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". It is probably based on the records of this poem quoted from "Qingxia Lu" in "Seven Revised Drafts" by Lang Ying of the Ming Dynasty. However, "Qingxia Lu" only states that this poem was written by Huang Chao after he failed, and was titled "Chrysanthemum".

Double Ninth Festival has a long-standing custom of appreciating chrysanthemums, and this day has also become the Chrysanthemum Festival. This chrysanthemum poem is actually not a general chant about chrysanthemums, but a distant celebration of the Chrysanthemum Festival. Therefore, the beginning is "wait until autumn comes on September 8th", which means waiting until the day of the Chrysanthemum Festival. Saying "September 8" instead of "September 9" is to rhyme with "kill" and "jia". This poem is rhymed, and the author wants to use it to create a cutting, exciting, and fierce vocal momentum. The word "wait until" seems to be blurted out, but it actually carries a lot of weight. Because the day the author wants to "wait for" is the day when the world is turned upside down and everything changes, so this "waiting" is a passionate expectation and a warm yearning. And this day is by no means illusory and elusive, but will definitely come just like the passing of spring and the coming of autumn, and the change of time. Therefore, the tone is relaxed, jumping-off and full of confidence.

What about the day "until"? According to ordinary people's imagination, it is nothing more than chrysanthemums in full bloom and the fragrance is astonishing. The author then adds a ground-breaking sentence - "After my flower blooms, hundreds of flowers will be killed." When the chrysanthemums bloom, all the flowers have withered. This is a law of nature and a natural phenomenon that people are accustomed to. Here, the "blooming" of chrysanthemums and the "killing" (withering) of flowers are deliberately juxtaposed to form a sharp contrast to show the inevitable connection between them. The author affectionately calls the chrysanthemum "my flower", obviously taking it as a symbol of the oppressed people. Then, the opposite "hundred flowers" naturally refers to the reactionary and decadent feudal ruling group. This resolute sentence vividly shows the decisive and determined spirit of the peasant revolutionary leader.

Three or four lines of "My flower blooms" describe the magnificent scene of chrysanthemums in full bloom: "The incense array soars into the sky and penetrates Chang'an, and the ground is covered with golden armor." The entire city of Chang'an is full of blooming chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum in golden armor. The rich fragrance they emit reaches into the sky and permeates the whole city. This is the world of chrysanthemums, the kingdom of chrysanthemums, and the grand festival of chrysanthemums. The unique imagination, the novel metaphor, the majestic diction, and the magnificent artistic conception are all unprecedented. The chrysanthemum, in the writings of feudal literati, was at most the embodiment of a man of integrity and praising his proud character; here, however, it is given the fighting style and character of a peasant rebel soldier, and the yellow petals are imagined as the warrior's armor. Let it change from the flower of noble people to the latest and most beautiful flower of peasant revolutionary warriors. Because of this, the chrysanthemums described by the author have changed from the lonely and elegant static beauty in the past to a dynamic beauty that is bold, rough and full of fighting spirit. It is neither an "isolated mark" nor a "cluster of chrysanthemums", but flowers blooming all over the city, occupying the autumn light, and exuding bursts of rich fighting fragrance, so it is described as a "fragrance array". The two words "Chong" and "Tou" respectively describe the prosperity and depth of its momentum, vividly showing the prospect of victory for the peasant uprising army to capture Chang'an and dominate everything.

Huang Chao's two chrysanthemum poems are refreshing in terms of artistic conception, image, language and technique. Artistic imagination and association are restricted by the author's world view and life practice. Without Huang Chao's revolutionary ambition and fighting character, there would be no such strange sayings as "I will kill all the flowers after they bloom" and such fantastic ideas as "The city is filled with golden armor". Connecting the chrysanthemum with the armored warrior gives it a fighting beauty that can only come from the life practice of fighting. "Since ancient times, heroes have always interpreted poetry", perhaps it should be understood from this fundamental point.

Sigh on the chamomile flowers in front of the courtyard

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Du Fu Genre: Qi Ancient

The chamomile in front of the eaves moved late, and the green pistils cannot be picked during the Double Ninth Festival. Tomorrow I will wake up from depression and drunkenness.

What's the use of the rotten flowers blooming? There are many fragrant flowers in the wild beside the fence, and they are picked up and brought up to the middle hall.

The branches and leaves have grown up in the air, and the roots have become entangled in the wind and frost.

Notes

In front of the eaves: also in front of the court

Inscribed on chrysanthemums

Era: Tang Author: Huang Chao Genre: Qijue

The rustling west wind fills the courtyard, and it is difficult for butterflies to come when the pistils are cold and fragrant.

If I were the Qing Emperor in that year, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms.

Notes

Notes:

Lin Kuan, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, has these two poems: "Mo Yan will conquer the world immediately. Heroes have interpreted poetry since ancient times." Throughout the ages, There are indeed many heroes who can "interpret poetry". Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, is one of the outstanding ones. Ever since Tao Yuanming's famous line "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see the Nanshan Mountain" came out, chrysanthemums have been closely related to the aloof and arrogant scholars and hermits, and have almost become a symbol of the aloof and unconventional spirit of feudal literati. . Huang Chao's chrysanthemum poems are completely out of the mold of similar works, showing a new ideological realm and artistic style.

The first sentence writes that the courtyard is full of chrysanthemums blooming in the rustling autumn wind. "West Wind" points out the seasons and teases the next sentence; "Man Yuan" is full of words. Saying "zai" instead of "kai" avoids duplication of rhymes with the last sentence. At the same time, the word "zai" itself also gives people a sense of uprightness and strength. It is not difficult to see chrysanthemums blooming in the wind and frost to show their strength. This is not difficult to see in literati's poems about chrysanthemums. However, "planting all over the courtyard" is obviously different from the image of chrysanthemums in literati's poems. Whether it expresses the feeling of being "alone and proud of the world", the state of being "aloof and unconventional" or the feeling of being "lonely and unaccompanied", the word "lone" is often inseparable from it. Huang Chao's poem only mentions "planted all over the courtyard" because in his mind, this chrysanthemum is a symbol of the working people and has no connection with the word "solitary".

The chrysanthemums bloom in the wind and frost, which shows their beauty, but it is a cold autumn, and "the flowers are cold and fragrant, and it is difficult for butterflies to come", which is a great pity. In the rustling autumn wind, the chrysanthemums seem to bring a chill, exuding a cold and subtle fragrance. Unlike the flowers that bloom in the sunny spring, which are full of fragrance, butterflies rarely fly to pick up the fragrance of the chrysanthemums. . In the writings of old scholars, this fact usually arouses two kinds of emotions: self-admiration and loneliness. The author's feelings are different from this. In his opinion, "the pistils are cold and the fragrance is cold" because the chrysanthemums bloom in the cold season. He can't help but feel regretful and unfair that the chrysanthemums bloom out of season.

The third and fourth sentences are the natural development of the above-mentioned feelings, revealing the coldness of the environment and the unfair fate of the chrysanthemum. The author imagines that one day he will become the "Qing Emperor" (the god of spring), and he will let chrysanthemums and peach blossoms bloom together in spring. This imagination, full of strong romantic passion, expresses the author's grand ambitions in a concentrated way. Looking at the whole poem, the moral is relatively obvious. The chrysanthemum in the poem is the embodiment of the thousands of people at the bottom of society at that time. The author not only admires their tenacious vitality that is open to the wind and frost, but is also deeply indignant for their environment and fate, and is determined to completely change it. The so-called "for the Qing Emperor" can be regarded as a visual expression of establishing a peasant revolutionary political power. The author imagines that on that day, the working people will be able to live in the warm spring. It is worth noting that the farmers’ simple concept of equality is also reflected here. Because in the author's opinion, chrysanthemums and peach blossoms are both one of the hundred flowers and should enjoy the same treatment. It is really a great injustice for the chrysanthemums to be left alone in the cold autumn, with cold pistils and cold fragrance. Therefore, he was determined to let chrysanthemums enjoy the warmth of spring just like peach blossoms. We might as well think that this is a poeticized idea of ??farmers’ equality.

There is also a question of who can change destiny. Should I pray for God's sympathy and mercy, or should I pray for God's sympathy and mercy, or should I replace it with "I am the Qing Emperor"? There is a difference between being a slave of fate and being a master of fate. The author of the poem said: "I am the Qing Emperor." This heroic language reflects the determination and confidence of the leaders of the peasant class to overthrow the old regime. And this is the iron threshold that all feudal literati cannot surpass.

The thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem are very heroic. It eclipses all the heroic words used by literati and bachelors living in feudal society to express their ambitions. But it is not crude and arrogant, and it still retains its meaning.

This is because the poem successfully uses the Bixing technique, and the Bixing itself incorporates the author's unique feelings and understanding of life.

Chrysanthemums

Era: Tang Author: Yuan Zhen Genre: Qijue

Autumn bushes surround the house like the Tao family,

all around the fence The sides become increasingly sloping.

It’s not that chrysanthemum is preferred among flowers.

There will be no flowers after all the flowers have bloomed.

Notes

Notes:

Tao family: Tao, refers to Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Brief analysis:

The last two sentences explain the reason why he prefers chrysanthemums, and they are sentences that have always been recited.

Chrysanthemum is not as gorgeous as peony, nor as precious as orchid, but as the flower of frost, it has always been favored by people. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its noble temperament. Yuan Zhen's poem about chrysanthemums uniquely explains the reason why he loves chrysanthemums.

Chrysanthemum

Yuan Zhen

Autumn silk wraps around the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping all over.

It’s not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers even after all the flowers have bloomed.

——The Ming Dynasty edition of "Tang Poetry and Painting Manual"

When chanting chrysanthemums, one usually talks about the loveliness of chrysanthemums. But the poet neither listed adjectives such as "the moon hangs on a golden hook", nor did he describe the scene of competing for beauty. Instead, he used a metaphor - "Autumn silk wraps around the house like the Tao family". Clusters of chrysanthemums bloom around the house, as if you have arrived at Tao Yuanming's home. Autumn clusters are clusters of autumn chrysanthemums. Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty loved chrysanthemums the most and planted chrysanthemums all over his home. "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain" ("Drinking") is his famous saying. The place where chrysanthemums are planted here is compared to "Tao's house", so it is not difficult to imagine the scene of autumn chrysanthemums blooming all over the courtyard. How can such a beautiful chrysanthemum scene not be intoxicating? Therefore, the poet "went around the fence and it was getting darker day by day". He was completely attracted by the chrysanthemums in front of him, and he concentrated on watching the chrysanthemums around the fence, so that he didn't even know that the sun was setting in the west. "Wandering all over" and "sunset" vividly express the scene where the poet is fascinated by the chrysanthemums and lingers, exaggerating the atmosphere of loving the chrysanthemums.

Why is the poet so obsessed with chrysanthemums? The third and fourth sentences explain the reason for loving chrysanthemums: "It's not that I prefer chrysanthemums among flowers. It's because there are no flowers after all the flowers are in bloom." Chrysanthemums are the last to wither among all flowers. Once the chrysanthemums are gone, there will be no more flowers to enjoy. People's love for flowers will naturally focus on chrysanthemums. Therefore, as a latecomer, it is uniquely cherished. The poet derived profound truths from the natural phenomenon that chrysanthemums fade last among the four seasons, answered the reason for loving chrysanthemums, and expressed the poet's special love for chrysanthemums. Of course, this also contains praise for the chrysanthemum's steadfast character that has withered after enduring hardships.

This poem explores unusual poetic flavor from the ordinary theme of chanting chrysanthemums, giving people new inspiration and appearing novel, natural and unconventional. In terms of writing, the writing style is also very clever. The first two sentences describe the actual scene of appreciating chrysanthemums, exaggerating the atmosphere of loving chrysanthemums as a foreshadowing; the third sentence is a transition, with a pause in writing and repeated repetitions. Finally, a wonderful line about blooming flowers is recited, which further opens up the realm of beauty and enhances the meaning of this little poem. Artistic appeal.

He and Qian Yuanwai play with the new chrysanthemums in the ban in early winter

Era: Tang Author: Bai Juyi Genre: Five Ancients

The cold weather in the ban office is late, and Meng Dongju is the first to bloom .

The new yellow is surrounded by green, and it is as brilliant as gold.

The fairy man is hiding in the sun, and his heart is like Tao Pengze.

Looking at the autumn pity pool, I am used to picking by the fence.

Come here to enjoy the wild nature.

There are flowers inside the Golden Horse Gate, and guests are dropping off at the Jade Peak.

Han Fang quotes clear sentences, chanting and playing with the misty scenery at night.

The color of the wine is suitable, but the fragrance of orchids cannot be matched.

Desolately, hundreds of flowers die, and frost accumulates at the end of the year.

Only this flower blooms and helps you cherish it diligently.

[Qian Chang lived at the foot of Lantian Mountain, so it goes. ]

Chrysanthemum

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Zheng Gu Genre: Qijue

Wang Sun Mo’s sticks are compared to thorns and wormwood, and the branches are close to the hair on the temples in nine days.

The wet autumn fragrance of dew fills the pond bank, which is why I don’t envy the tall tiles and pines.

Notes

Notes:

This is a poem about things. The author chants chrysanthemum. There is not a single word chrysanthemum in the whole article, but no sentence is away from chrysanthemum. From the chrysanthemum's unspectacular appearance, he writes about people's love for chrysanthemum, and then writes about the noble character of chrysanthemum, highlighting the theme of his chanting chrysanthemum. It is obvious that this chrysanthemum poem was written by the poet to express his ambition, using a symbolic technique.

"Don't compare it to basil." Basil is a kind of wild weed. Judging from its branches and leaves, chrysanthemum has some similarities with basil. Those princes, princes and grandsons who are not diligent about their body and grains can easily mistake chrysanthemum for basil. The poet's first sentence warned them not to compare chrysanthemum with basil. This sentence comes out abruptly, raises the question directly, has the potential to be from a high position, and reveals his disdain for Prince Wang and Sun. As the first sentence, it has the function of mentioning the whole article. "Nine days the branches are close to the hair on the temples", which closely follows the first period title. Every year on September 9th of the lunar calendar, it is the well-known Double Ninth Festival. On this day, the ancients had the habit of climbing high and admiring chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, wearing dogwood bags, and picking chrysanthemums to wear on their temples. When the poet mentions this ancient traditional custom, he highlights the word "chrysanthemum" and echoes the first sentence, which shows that people, unlike Wang Sungongzi, love and respect chrysanthemum very much. These two sentences, based on the different attitudes of different people towards Ju, initially point out the nobility of Ju.

The third and fourth sentences are the focus of the whole poem, which focus on the noble temperament and noble character of Ju. "The dew-wet autumn fragrance fills the pond bank" is a short seven-character description of an autumn morning scene: the sun is rising, and the chrysanthemums are blooming, full of dew, moist and crystal clear, bright and lovely; wisps of delicate fragrance are floating all over the pond bank, making people feel relaxed and happy. The unique charm of chrysanthemums The charm and style are vivid on the paper. Here, the word "wet" is very particular, which makes people imagine that the petals are covered with dew, which is particularly moist and bright. The word "man" is apt, showing how refreshing the fragrance is and how refreshing it is. From it, we not only see the unique image of chrysanthemums, but also feel the charm produced by the interweaving of chrysanthemums with that specific environment and specific atmosphere. After describing the temperament of the chrysanthemum, the poet naturally concluded that the purpose of chanting the chrysanthemum is: "I don't envy the height of the vases". Vasus pine is a parasitic plant that grows on the eaves of tall buildings. Cui Rong, a scholar of Chongwen Hall in the early Tang Dynasty, once wrote "Wasong Ode", and his preface said: "The tile pine in Chongwenguan is grown on the roof... It is popular that its shape is like a pine, and it must be born with tiles, so it is called Wasong. "Although the Wasong tree can bloom and sprout leaves, it is of little use as it is "not as high as a foot and as small as an inch", so "Tongjun (physician) cannot reward it, but Zijiang (carpenter) has difficulty in selecting it." The author compares the chrysanthemums on the bank of the pond with the tiles on the high house, intending to illustrate that although the chrysanthemums grow in low-lying areas of the swamp, they are noble and quiet, and offer their fragrance to people without hesitation; A high position is actually "useless to people and useless to things." Here, the chrysanthemum is personified, and the author gives it the ideological quality of not seeking high status or glory. "Origin" corresponds to "not envious", which adds emphasis to the tone and highlights the noble integrity of the chrysanthemum. This last sentence makes the theme of the poem clear here and the poetic meaning is sublimated.

Poems about objects cannot be written without objects, but they cannot be written for the sake of writing objects. Purely writing about things, even if they are realistic, is nothing more than "a mere remnant of appearance" and lifeless. Each line of this poem corresponds to the word chrysanthemum, and each line embodies the author's thoughts and feelings. The chrysanthemum is simply a symbol of the poet himself.

Qin Song Lyrics·Youlan

Era: Tang Author: Cui Tu Genre: Yuefu

Everyone knows about Youzhi, but Zhenfang only keeps it secretly. Since there is no gentleman to wear it, the country's fragrance has not declined.

The white dew stains the youth early in the morning, and the youth comes late every time. I don’t know what Fang Fu wants to do when I am a grass on the road.

Hexi Mei Mulan Houchi Sanyong·White Lotus

Year: Tang Dynasty Author: Lu Guimeng

There are many plain flowers, but don’t be deceived by them. This flower is really suitable in Yaochi .

There should also be a time when no one is aware of the hatred, when the moonlight is clear and the wind is about to fall.

Notes

Notes:

Poetry about things describes objectively existing concrete images of things; however, the artistic representation of this image is It is described by the poet according to his own subjective feeling, and it always has a more or less lyrical meaning. Only by chanting objects with a lyrical psychology can we write them vividly on paper, and achieve the unity of subjectivity and objectivity. This song "White Lotus" by Lu Guimeng has inspired us.

The bright red summer sun shines on the lotus flowers showing the waves, and a patch of Danxia appears in the mirror. The bright colors are eye-catching. Lotus flowers are more red and less white. When people mention lotus, they always admire the red dress and green cover, but who pays attention to the white lotus which is not so beautiful! However, "Clear water brings out hibiscus, and nature removes the carvings." The true beauty of the lotus should be seen here and not there. In this sense, the red lotus is nothing more than "beautiful".

"Don't be deceived by others." Bailian, she is independent, does not ask for anyone's knowledge, and drives alone, seemingly "heartless". But autumn has come, the dew in the green room is cold, and the fragrance of the plain powder has disappeared. She lowers her head silently, and seems to have endless resentment. If you look at the white lotus that is about to fall in the hazy dawn of "moonlight and clear wind", you will feel how full of moving mood it is! She is simply the incarnation of the Yaochi Fairy wearing a plain scarf, and she is completely different from the ordinary fairies.

This poem is about white lotus. The whole poem derives new meaning from the sentence "Su? Duomeng don't be deceived by beauty"; however, it does not stick to the description of color, nor does it focus on the depiction of shape. Instead, it writes the spirit of the flower. Especially in the last two sentences, the poet writes from the inseparable sky, making the flowers appear looming and lifelike. Flowers simply melt into the artistic conception of poetry; flowers are simply personified and personalized.

The ability of a short poem about things to reach such a state is inseparable from the poet's life emotions. We know that Lu Guimeng lived in seclusion in Fuli, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River (in today's Wujiang, Jiangsu) during the turbulent years of the late Tang Dynasty. He was dissatisfied with the dark politics at that time. Although he retired to the mountains and forests, his essays in the "Lize Series" "did not forget that the world is the glory and edge in the mire of chaos." (Lu Xun: " "The Crisis of Essays") Therefore, he has a special hobby for the white lotus that emerges from the mud, is elegant and noble; and the natural expression of this mood makes us feel that there is someone in it after reading this poem. Ready to come out.

Bamboo

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Li He Genre: Wulu

Entering the water, the light moves, inserting green shadows in the air.

The bamboo shoots are growing in the dew, and the moss color is frosty on the roots.

The weaving can bear the fragrance and sweat, and the cutting can be used to catch brocade scales.

Three beams were used, and one section was dedicated to the king and his grandson.

Notes

生: One is hanging.

Gepu Lotus

Era: Tang Author: Bai Juyi Genre: Yuefu

Gepu Loves the Red Lotus,

I still remember seeing it yesterday .

The night wind blew it down,

I had to collect it once.

Although the flowers will bloom next year,

The sorrow of next year is still temporary.

Lotus in Quchi

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Lu Zhaolin Genre: Five Unique Category: Ode to Things

Floating fragrance surrounds the curved bank, and the round shadow covers the Huachi.

I am often afraid that the autumn wind will come early and I will not know how it will drift.

Notes

This song "Lotus in Quchi" is a late work by Lu Zhaolin, in which he expresses his feelings by chanting lotus. Borrowing objects to express feelings is Lu Zhaolin's strong point. Shen Deqian, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Tang Poems": "Those who embrace the outside world are not met, and feel desolate in their early years." This can be used to comment on this poem.

Lu Zhaolin had great aspirations but low status, and his life was full of ups and downs. When he was appointed as the new captain, he contracted rheumatoid arthritis, resigned and returned to the north. "I have been sick and bedridden for ten years," and he was in terrible pain. In the fourth year of Xianheng Dynasty (673), he wrote "Preface to the Sick Pear Tree Ode": "At the age of Guiyou, I was ill in the official residence of Guangdefang, Chang'an. My father said that this was the city of Princess Poyang. He died after getting married, so the town was abandoned, and there was a virgin named Sun Jun Simiao who lived there... He had been in power for the rest of his life, and he suffered from a disease of deep sorrow. How Liao was his nature!" At this time, although he sought help from the miracle doctor Sun Simiao, But I no longer have any hope for my body. He often "lay on his pillow for ten days and close the door for three months." In "Ode to the Sick Pear Tree" he wrote: "I am afraid of the shaking of the sky" and avoid the danger of the scorching scenery. "The "cowardly swaying" here has the same meaning as the "sighing drifting" in the poem "Quchihe", which deeply embodies the poet's life's sorrow, anger and emotion.

"The floating fragrance surrounds the song" "Bank", before seeing its shape, smell its fragrance first. The winding bank of the pond is filled with fragrance, indicating that the lotus is in full bloom and it is summer. "The round shadow covers the Hua Chi" means that the moonlight envelopes the lotus pond. The moon shadow is round, Flowers and shadows are so blurry that they cannot be broken down. There are many poems about lotuses, but this poem uses a sideways approach to capture people's attention with its fragrance. It does not depict its graceful shape and moving purity, but it conveys the charm of night lotus. .

"I am always afraid of the early autumn wind, and I don't know how it will drift away", which follows the meaning of the sentence "Only the scattered grass and trees are afraid of the beauty's twilight" in Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", but with some changes, it expresses it implicitly. He felt that his talents were not appreciated and that he was left alone in his early years.

Lu Zhaolin said in "Shi Ji Wen" written shortly before his death: "Spring, Autumn, Winter and Summer are the four seasons, and the cold and heat are prosperous and haggard. In spring, all things are prosperous, and one feels the joy of their life and mourns their death; in summer, one can see the prosperity of hundreds of grasses and hazelnuts. But knowing that there are severe frosts in autumn, those who are worried will be unhappy, and those who are sad in winter will be relieved by them. The sage understands the turmoil of temperament. "This is inevitably due to the poet's own character. Because he was tortured by illness, he was particularly sensitive to changes in things. As it is said in "Shiji Wen": "The shadow of the gods is like ashes, and the life is like a thread. It stretches and bends, and is as difficult as an inchworm. Nine lives and nine deaths. The same change is like Pangu. All things are flourishing at this time. , Why is Yu Du's intestines so rotten? "The vegetation is so sparse, and Yu Du's orchids are so luxuriant." The more lush and vibrant everything becomes, the more he feels that his image is withered. At the same time, he "felt his life and mourned his death" for the prosperous things, and "seeed its prosperity and knew its failure". He also had memories and emotions about himself and others in their prosperity. This thought of his is prominently displayed in his late poetry. The first two sentences of "Lotus in the Quchi" describe the flowers and the full moon, while the last two sentences suddenly turn to the flowers' self-mourning. The self-mourning of this flower is actually the self-mourning of man. In the poem about things, "you see me because of things", you can see the beauty of it. Chu Yushan's "Q&A in the Bamboo Forest" said: "Poems about things that convey the spirit are the most important, followed by the conveying of the spirit. Those who convey the spirit are captured in lingering emotions, which is also the comparison of the "Three Hundred Chapters". Those who convey the spirit are appreciated by each other. In addition to the "Three Hundred Chapters", the poems are as follows as they are imitative, and the paintings are straight to the ears of things." From this point of view, we can see Lu Zhaolin's accomplishments in poetry.

Pine at the bottom of the stream

Era: Tang Dynasty Author: Bai Juyi

There are pines hundreds of feet tall,

Born in the cold and cold bottom of the stream humble.

The mountains are deep and dangerous, and there is no way to survive.

It is hard to make it through old age and death.

The emperor's bright hall lacks beams.

There are two things that are not known when one seeks the other.

Who said that Cang Cang has the will to create things?

But the materials are not the same as the earth.

Jin Zhang Shiluyuan