Who can talk about the historical evolution of toilets?

When China entered the slave society, pits began to appear; In medieval Europe, people did not have the concept of toilet; The evolution of toilets is from pit to toilet, toilet, toilet, toilet, from scratch, from private to public, from single function to physiological metabolism, health regulation, rest and even aesthetic, commercial and cultural functions. Toilet innovation is gradually moving from civilization to progress.

During the Han and Tang dynasties, there were no public toilets in the streets, so there were no public toilets on the ground in the ancients, and ordinary people also had toilets at home. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, dung diggers made a fortune. During this period, people specializing in "dung industry" appeared, mainly cleaning toilets for families, and people who run "dung industry" often make a fortune. In the Song Dynasty, the sewers in Dongdu were very developed and meshed, and there were already special cleaners in the Song Dynasty.

Literati in Qing Dynasty set up toll toilets. Since ancient times, most toilets in China are crude, dirty and shabby, which are basically "one pit with two bricks and three feet of earth walls around". Men's toilets in Beijing mostly use squat pit type, while women's toilets use "ash bucket", that is, a wooden bucket filled with lime or plant ash. In the Qing Dynasty, in order to solve the expenses of feces management, the Qing government also tried to set up some toll toilets and allowed private operation. "Clear Money" said: A scholar failed the exam and built a public toilet for his own livelihood. He posted a couplet on the toilet: "May you come and go, hate shit less and fart more." However, at that time, public toilets were not accepted by people. People urinate everywhere, or fall in the toilet and fall in the street. The streets stink.

19th century can be called "toilet century". 1In the 1940s, Hamburg had a sewer system to flush and brush pipes with river water. 1In the 1950s, an efficient sewer system appeared in London, and automatic flushing valves and new pipe fittings accelerated the water flow. Since then, the manufacture of toilet has been industrialized, and the design of assembly line has made this work extremely simple. 1852, the world's first public toilet with a flush toilet was built in London, England. 1994, Shanghai began to open toilets in units along the street. The World Toilet Association is another international organization after the WTO and the World Tourism Organization, and has designated 165438+ 10/0/9 as "World Toilet Day" every year. The first World Toilet Summit was held in Singapore on 200165438+1kloc-0/9. Some experts pointed out that a person can persist for 5 to 10 minutes after feeling comfortable, and the walking distance during this time is about 300 to 500 meters, so the planning and construction of public toilets should have a public toilet within 500 meters.