Causes and hazards of water pollution?

Problem 1: Harm of Water Pollution Water pollution affects industrial production, increases equipment corrosion, affects product quality and even makes production impossible. Water pollution affects people's lives, destroys ecology, directly harms people's health and causes great damage.

(1) After water pollution harms human health, pollutants enter the human body through drinking water or food chain, causing acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic, chromium, ammonium, benzopyrene, etc. It can also induce cancer. Water polluted by parasites, viruses or other pathogenic bacteria will cause many infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. Water polluted by heavy metals is harmful to human health. Water and food polluted by cadmium will cause kidney and bone diseases after people eat it. Ingestion of 20 mg of cadmium sulfate will lead to death. Lead poisoning can lead to anemia and insanity. Hexavalent chromium is very toxic, which can cause skin ulcers and cause cancer. Drinking arsenic-containing water can cause acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic inhibits or deactivates many enzymes, leading to metabolic disorders, skin keratinization and skin cancer. Organophosphorus pesticides can cause neurotoxicity, while organochlorine pesticides can accumulate in fat, which is harmful to endocrine, immune and reproductive functions of human beings and animals. Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic. Cyanide is also a highly toxic substance. After entering the blood, it combines with the pigment oxidase of cells, which interrupts breathing and causes respiratory failure, suffocation and death. We know that 80% of the diseases in the world are related to water. Typhoid fever, cholera, gastroenteritis, dysentery and infectious liver disease are the five major diseases of human beings, all of which are caused by unclean water.

(2) Water pollution is harmful to industrial and agricultural production, and industrial water must be treated with more expenses, resulting in a waste of resources and energy. The food industry has stricter requirements for water. If the water quality is unqualified, it will stop production. This is also a factor of low efficiency and poor quality of industrial enterprises. The use of sewage in agriculture will reduce crop yield and quality, even harm people and animals, pollute large areas of farmland and reduce soil quality. The consequences of marine pollution are also very serious, such as oil pollution, which causes the death of seabirds and marine life.

(3) Harm of water eutrophication Under normal circumstances, oxygen has certain solubility in water. Dissolved oxygen is not only the survival condition of aquatic organisms, but also participates in various redox reactions in water, promoting the transformation and degradation of pollutants, which is an important reason why natural water bodies have self-purification ability. The discharge of domestic sewage containing a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leads to the degradation of a large number of organic substances and the release of nutrients in the water, which promotes the excessive growth of algae and plants in the water, makes the water body poorly ventilated, reduces dissolved oxygen and even appears anaerobic layer. A large number of aquatic plants die, the water surface turns black, and the water stinks to form a "dead lake", "dead river" and "dead sea", which in turn becomes a swamp. This phenomenon is called water eutrophication. Eutrophicated water has an unpleasant smell, dark color and many bacteria. This kind of water is of poor quality and can't be used directly, which prevents the fish from dying.

Question 2: What are the consequences of water pollution? Hazard 1: Harm to human health. Water pollution directly affects the quality of drinking water sources. When the drinking water source is polluted, the relevant water treatment departments can not solve this pollution well, which will lead to ascites, diarrhea, intestinal nematodes, hepatitis, gastric cancer, liver cancer and other diseases. Contact with unclean water can also lead to skin diseases, trachoma, schistosomiasis, hookworm disease and other diseases. More seriously, water pollution affects the secretion of human sex hormones to a great extent, and affects human reproductive ability to a certain extent; Others point out that water pollution can lead to spontaneous abortion or congenital disability. In short, the harm of water pollution to human health is multifaceted and cannot be ignored. The rise of a large number of water purifier manufacturers around the world is a good proof!

Hazard 2: reduce crop yield and quality.

Because sewage provides a lot of water and fertilizer, farmers in many areas have the habit of irrigating farmland with sewage. However, the painful lesson shows that wastewater containing toxic and harmful substances pollutes farmland soil, causing crops to wither and die, causing huge losses to farmers. Although there are bumper harvests in many areas, there is a crisis of crop pollution behind the bumper harvest. Studies have shown that trace organic matter, including toxic pesticides, can be detected in vegetables or food crops planted in some sewage irrigation areas, which will definitely endanger the health of consumers.

Hazard 3: Affect the output and quality of fishery production.

The output and quality of fishery production are directly related to water quality. It is not an isolated case that large-scale fish deaths are caused by water pollution in freshwater fishing grounds. There are still many fish and aquatic organisms in natural water bodies that are on the verge of extinction or have been extinct. Mariculture is also damaged and threatened by water pollution. Water pollution will not only lead to the death of fish and affect the yield, but also cause the variation of fish and aquatic organisms. In addition, the accumulation of harmful substances in fish and aquatic organisms is found, which greatly reduces their edible value, and eating these fish will also threaten human health.

Hazard 4: Restrict economic development. Many people may not notice the harm of water pollution at this point! The reason is that industry, as the pillar of social economy, needs water as raw material or washing products and directly participates in the processing of products, and the deterioration of water quality will directly affect the quality of products. The consumption of industrial cooling water is the largest, and the deterioration of water quality will also cause blockage, corrosion and scaling of cooling water circulation system, and the increase of water hardness will also affect the life and safety of boilers. This affects the output of industry to a certain extent, and water pollution affects the economic development of the country to a great extent, whether it is for human health or for sideline industries such as agriculture and fisheries!

The above summary of the hazards of water pollution just wants to convey a sense of environmental protection to everyone! In fact, whether it is our health or the impact on the macro-economy, it will eventually affect the survival and development of mankind! If water pollution can be well solved, then the survival and development of human beings will eliminate a huge obstacle!

Question 3: What are the hazards of water pollution? 1. Harm to human health Human beings are the most advanced consumer groups in the earth's ecosystem. The damage and destruction of environmental pollution to atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment and ecological environment will eventually endanger human living environment and human health in different ways. Various pollutants cause diseases or injuries to human body through drinking water, animal and plant foods, various industrial foods, medical supplies and various unclean industrial products. People drinking polluted water or eating polluted food will be harmful to their health. For example, in the Minamata disease incident in Japan in the 1950s, the factory discharged mercury-containing wastewater into the seawater of Minamata Bay, and mercury entered the fish for methylation to form methylmercury, which increased the toxicity of pollutants and accumulated in the fish to form high toxic content. Eating this polluted fish will cause methylmercury poisoning and cause diseases. The industrial wastewater discharged by human beings into water bodies every year contains tens of thousands of tons of mercury, most of which eventually enters the ocean, which has serious potential long-term harm to human health, so mercury is regarded as the most harmful toxic heavy metal pollutant. Excessive fluorine content in drinking water will cause dental plaque and pigment precipitation, and in severe cases, it will cause tooth loss. Conversely, if the fluorine content is too low, dental caries will occur. Improper management of biological pollutants such as human and animal feces will also pollute water bodies, cause bacterial intestinal infectious diseases, such as typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, etc., and also cause some parasitic diseases. For example, in 1882, in Hamburg, Germany, more than 7,500 people died because of unclean drinking water and cholera epidemic. Water also contains some carcinogens. Farmers often use some herbicides or pesticides, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as aniline and benzopyrene, which can enter the water. These pollutants can accumulate in suspended solids, sediments and aquatic organisms. If you drink such water for a long time, it may induce cancer. According to statistics, the cancer mortality rate caused by water pollution in the 1990s was 1.45 times that of 30 years ago. Second, the impact on industrial production Water pollution will affect the output and quality of industrial products, causing serious economic losses. In addition, water pollution will increase the treatment cost of industrial water, and may cause corrosion to equipment workshops and sewers, and will also affect normal industrial production. Third, the impact on agriculture and fishery production. Irrigation of farmland with polluted water will destroy soil, affect crop growth and reduce yield. If it is serious, there will be no harvest. 1974, Hebei farmers watered wheat with thistle canal water. Because the harmful substances in the river exceeded the standard, nearly 50 thousand mu of wheat died. In recent years, due to water pollution, the number of complaints from farmers has increased sharply. The seriousness of the problem is that once the soil is polluted, it will be difficult to recover for a long time, resulting in a waste of land resources. In addition, when the water body is polluted, it will directly endanger the growth and reproduction of aquatic organisms, leading to a reduction in fishery production. For example, there were 18 species of fish in Lanzhou section of the Yellow River, of which 8 species are now extinct. Due to water pollution, the quality of fish will also decline. According to statistics, the annual economic loss caused by fish quality problems is as high as 30 billion yuan.

Please accept it, thank you!

Question 4: What harm will water pollution bring? 1. Introduction of water body.

Water refers to the accumulation of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, swamps, oceans and groundwater. In environmental science, water includes not only water itself, but also suspended solids, dissolved substances, colloidal substances, sediments (mud) and aquatic organisms. It should be regarded as a complete ecosystem or a complete integrated natural body. According to its types, water bodies can be divided into land water bodies and marine water bodies, surface water bodies and underground water bodies.

Types of water pollution:

1. Sensory pollution of water body: * color change * turbidity change * bubbles * odor.

2. Organic pollution of water body: mainly refers to the pollution caused by wastewater containing a large amount of organic matter discharged from urban sewage, food industry and paper industry.

3. Inorganic pollution of water body: refers to the pollution of water body by acid, alkali and inorganic salts. Firstly, the pH value of water is changed, and at the same time, the hardness of inorganic salts and water in water will be increased, which will bring adverse effects on industrial and domestic water.

4. Toxic substance pollution of water body: After all kinds of toxic substances enter the water body, at high concentration, they will kill aquatic organisms; At low concentration, it can be enriched in organisms and concentrated step by step through the food chain, eventually affecting the human body.

5. Eutrophication pollution of water body: Wastewater containing plant nutrients will cause eutrophication of water body, make algae multiply in large numbers, consume a lot of dissolved oxygen in water, and lead to fish suffocation and death.

6. Oil pollution in water body: Oil pollution in water body is caused by oil development, oil tanker transportation and wastewater discharge from oil refining industry in coastal and estuary areas. Oil forms an oil film on the water surface, which will affect the entry of oxygen into the water body and cause harm to living things. In addition, oil pollution also destroys the landscape of beach resorts and scenic spots and the survival of birds.

7. Thermal pollution of water: The cooling water of thermal power plants is the main source of thermal pollution. This kind of wastewater discharged directly into the natural water body will cause the water temperature to rise, reduce the dissolved oxygen in the water and increase the toxicity of some poisons in the water. The increase of water temperature has the greatest influence on fish, which can cause the change and death of fish population.

8. Pathogenic microorganism pollution of water body: Domestic sewage, hospital sewage and slaughter meat processing sewage contain viruses, bacteria, parasites and other pathogenic microorganisms, which will spread various diseases when flowing into water.

9. Radioactive pollution of water body: refers to the pollution caused by radioactive substances entering water body. Radioactive substances mainly come from nuclear reaction waste. Radioactive pollution will lead to biological distortion, destroy the genetic structure of organisms and cause cancer. Nuclear matter has a long decay period and cannot be handled.

10, secondary pollution of water: 1)* At present, the treatment method of drinking water is to add extra chlorine, fluorine and lime to control the growth of bacteria, but there is no doubt that drinking water is polluted by more chemicals. 2)* The water storage tank of high-rise building is a breeding ground for bacteria and moss. 3)* In addition, rusty water pipes are also one of the main causes of pollution.

Pollutants in water are mainly divided into the following categories:

1, solid suspended matter: sediment and rust, visible to naked eyes;

2. Microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, algae, etc.

3. Dissolved inorganic substances: calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, copper sulfate, chloride and nitrate;

4. Heavy metals: mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, etc.

5. Organic matter: pesticides, fertilizers, various industrial solvents, dyes, detergents and disinfectants;

6. Radioactive particles: radioactive particles produced by the nuclear industry and nuclear medicine.

Water pollution affects industrial production, increases equipment corrosion, affects product quality, and even makes production impossible. Water pollution affects people's lives, destroys ecology, directly harms people's health and causes great damage.

After water pollution, pollutants enter the human body through drinking water or food chain, causing acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic, chromium, ammonium, benzopyrene, etc. It can also induce cancer. Water polluted by parasites, viruses or other pathogenic bacteria will cause many infectious diseases and parasitic diseases. Water polluted by heavy metals is harmful to human health. Water and food polluted by cadmium will cause kidney and bone diseases after people eat it. Ingestion of 20 mg of cadmium sulfate can cause death. Lead poisoning can lead to anemia and insanity. Hexavalent chromium is very toxic, which can cause skin ulcers and cause cancer. Drinking arsenic-containing water can cause acute or chronic poisoning. Arsenic inhibits or inactivates many enzymes, leading to metabolic disorders, skin keratinization and skin cancer. Organophosphorus pesticides can cause neurotoxicity, while organochlorine pesticides can accumulate in fat, which is harmful to endocrine, immune and reproductive functions of human beings and animals. Most polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have toxic effects. & gt

Question 5: The source and harm of water pollution and the protection of water resources? First, the main sources of water pollution are:

There are many reasons for water pollution, and the main sources are as follows:

(1) Industrial wastewater: Industrial wastewater is the main cause of pollution worldwide. Every link in the industrial production process will produce wastewater. The industrial wastewater with great influence mainly comes from metallurgical, electroplating, papermaking, printing and dyeing, tanning and other enterprises.

(2) Domestic sewage: refers to washing sewage and fecal sewage in people's daily life. The sewage in medical units is a special kind of domestic sewage, and its main harm is to cause intestinal infectious diseases.

(3) Agricultural sewage: It mainly contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers, pesticides, manure and other organic substances, as well as intestinal pathogens of people and livestock.

(4) Others: The solid waste produced in the industrial production process contains a large number of inorganic and organic substances easily soluble in water, which is washed away by rain and causes water pollution.

Second, water pollution and its harm

Although the earth is rich in water resources, due to the limited quantity and uneven distribution of fresh water resources, coupled with the rapid population growth and increasing industrial and agricultural water consumption, water shortage in many areas is still very serious. Although the water on the earth is renewable and constantly circulating, the water quality is deteriorating due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution. The global water crisis has brought great harm to mankind. It has aroused widespread concern of mankind.

1. Harm of water pollution to human body In the process of metabolism, with drinking water and food, various elements in water enter various parts of the human body through the digestive tract. When water lacks some parts or some elements necessary for human life process, it will affect human health. For example, in some areas, water is short of iodine, and drinking this water for a long time will lead to big neck disease, which is medically called endemic goiter. When water contains harmful substances, it is more harmful to human body. Carcinogens can be brought into the human body by eating contaminated food (grains, vegetables, fish, etc.). ) and can also enter the human body through drinking water. According to the survey, the incidence of liver cancer, gastric cancer and other cancers in people who drink polluted water is about 6 1.5% higher than that in people who drink clean water. When mercury, cadmium and other elements in sewage are discharged into rivers and lakes, aquatic plants absorb and enrich them. After eating aquatic plants, fish are further enriched in the body. After eating poisonous fish, people are rich in mercury, cadmium and other elements, which makes people sick and die. This forms a food chain from aquatic plants to aquatic animals to small fish to big fish and then to human body. The human body eventually becomes the foothold of elements such as mercury and cadmium.

2. Harm of water pollution to aquatic organisms There are various aquatic animals and plants living in the water. There are complex material and energy exchanges between organisms and water, and between organisms, which maintain a dynamic balance in quantity. But under the influence of human activities, this balance has been destroyed. When human beings discharge pollutants into water, some beneficial aquatic organisms will be poisoned and die, while some pollution-resistant aquatic organisms will intensify their reproduction and consume a lot of oxygen dissolved in water, forcing beneficial aquatic organisms to migrate to other places or die due to lack of oxygen. In particular, some toxic elements are insoluble in water and easy to accumulate in organisms, causing great harm to human beings. For example, the content of mercury in water is very low, but it is very high in aquatic organisms and surprisingly high in fish. Assume that the concentration of mercury in water is 1, the concentration of mercury in benthic organisms (small organisms living in underwater mud) is 700, and the concentration of mercury in fish is as high as 860. It can be seen that when the water body is polluted, on the one hand, the balance between organisms, water and organisms is destroyed, on the other hand, some toxic substances are constantly transferred and enriched, which finally endangers human health and life.

3. The influence of water pollution on industrial and agricultural production. Industrial and agricultural production not only needs enough water, but also has certain requirements for water quality. Otherwise, it will cause great losses to industry and agriculture, especially after using polluted water in the process of industrial and agricultural production, which will be more harmful to human beings. First, industrial equipment is damaged, which seriously affects product quality. The second is to change the chemical composition of soil, reduce fertility, lead to reduced crop production and serious pollution. The third is to increase the sewage treatment cost of urban domestic water and industrial water.

Three, several ways to protect water resources

1. Vigorously develop advanced water-saving technology: if waterless printing and dyeing technology is adopted, French printing and dyeing can be used instead of water printing and dyeing, which can eliminate the discharge of printing and dyeing sewage; Using non-toxic technology, such as replacing alkaline leather with enzyme leather, can avoid producing harmful alkaline wastewater; Do not use >>

Question 6: How is water pollution formed? What are the hazards of water pollution? A large number of chemical pollutants will punish the emission of toxic gases, and the existence of various toxic heavy metals will lead to water pollution. It can cause human diseases, digestive and respiratory diseases, and the existence of heavy metals may also lead to cancer.

Question 7: Write a short article in English about the causes and harm of water pollution. Fishing and making the water unsafe. In a word, water pollution is a big problem for everyone.

As you know, people live on water. They should take part in finding a solution to this problem. I think some measures must be taken as soon as possible. First of all, all governments should formulate rules and regulations to solve the pollution problem. In addition, factories in towns must be forbidden to discharge wastewater into rivers before it is completely treated and purified. I think if they violate the relevant rules or laws, they should be severely punished. Of course, there are some other treatments that are worth adopting.

As for the future prospects, I believe that good results will be achieved in this respect. Rivers polluted by industrial waste in the past will be purified, and fish that could not live there a few years ago will be purified again. In a word, it is obvious that tomorrow will be better and brighter only if everyone does his duty and tries to find ways to control pollution.

Please don't hesitate to write to me if you need any further advice on this issue.

Question 8: What is the cause of water pollution? What are the hazards? The main factors that worsen the soil environment and seriously affect the growth of crops are industrial wastewater pollution and garbage pollution. The degradation time of plastic products currently used in China usually takes at least 200 years. Long-term residue of discarded agricultural films and plastic bags in farmland will affect the absorption of water and nutrients by crops, inhibit the growth and development of crops, and cause crop yield reduction. If livestock eat plastic film, it will cause digestive tract diseases and even death. The reason is that the water environment is polluted. The pollution levels of the seven major water systems in China are: Liaohe River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, Pearl River and Yangtze River, among which 42% of the water quality exceeds Class III standard (can not be used as drinking water source), and 36% of the urban river sections in China are inferior to Class V water quality, which makes them useless. The water quality of large freshwater lakes (reservoirs) and urban lakes is generally poor, and the eutrophication of more than 75% lakes is intensified, mainly caused by nitrogen and phosphorus pollution.