Joke Collection Website - Talk about mood - How to write the tour guide words of the Summer Palace in the composition of the first half of the fourth grade?
How to write the tour guide words of the Summer Palace in the composition of the first half of the fourth grade?
As early as the Jin Dynasty, this garden was neither called the Summer Palace nor so beautiful. It was just a natural garden where emperors swam and hunted. At that time, the mountain was called Jinshan, on which there was a golden hill palace, and the waters were called Jinhai. In the Yuan Dynasty, the mountain was changed to Wengshan, and the waters were Wengshanbo. In the Ming Dynasty, this group of mountains and rivers was called Haoshan Garden, which has already appeared the beautiful scenery of "ten miles of green hills, flying together in Bai Niao like the south of the Yangtze River". Qing Dynasty was its heyday. In order to celebrate his mother's 6th birthday, Emperor Qianlong not only expanded the lake, but also built many buildings in front of and behind the mountain, especially the corridor. Emperor Qianlong dug Kunming Lake into the shape of a peach, meaning to offer birthday to his mother, and renamed Wengshan Wanshou Mountain, and called the garden here Qingyi Garden.
Everything has its ups and downs. In 186, the British and French allied forces entered Beijing, burning the "three mountains and five gardens" including Qingyi Garden and Yuanmingyuan to a scorched earth. In 1885, Empress Dowager Cixi used naval military funds to rebuild the garden, and renamed it the Summer Palace, which means "to support and be harmonious". However, the good times did not last long. In 19, Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Summer Palace again, and Empress Dowager Cixi rebuilt it again in 193. Due to limited financial resources, only the landscape in front of Wanshou Mountain was restored. After liberation, the people's government has repaired and protected the gardens many times, and the Summer Palace has returned to its former style. In 1998, UNESCO listed it in the World Cultural Heritage List. Now let's visit Renshou Hall.
Ladies and gentlemen, this is Renshou Gate. There are two Taihu stones at the entrance, which are called "Pig Monkey Stones". It is said that the Monkey King and Pig Bajie were sent here to guard the house for the royal family. When you walk into the door of life, what you see is not the Hall of Renshou, but a tall stone of Taihu Lake, which acts as a "barrier". This is one of the methods of landscaping in Chinese classical gardens. Its purpose is to play the role of a screen, so as to avoid the unobstructed view of the scenery in the courtyard and lose the sense of implication. Just now, as we said, the Summer Palace is a masterpiece of northern and southern gardens, so it is also a model of classical gardens in China. Many times, various landscaping methods have been successfully used. I will introduce them to you later. Please follow me first.
(under the pine tree in the southeast corner of the courtyard of Renshou Temple)
Just now, we saw the Taihu stone at the door. Now please look around the courtyard. There are still four Taihu stones here. Why do you want to put some grotesque so-called "Taihu stones" here? First of all, let me tell you what Taihu Stone is. Speaking of Taihu Stone, everyone should be familiar with it. They are found in many gardens. They look grotesque, covered with holes, or piled up as rockeries or decorated with scenery, but they just don't know their names. In fact, Taihu Stone is produced at the bottom of Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Because of its peculiar appearance, it is known as "transparent, thin, wrinkled and leaky" and its output is small, so it was selected as a rare thing by the royal family and transported to the garden for decoration. Some Taihu stones are born to resemble some people, animals or auspicious things, and they have become "stunners" that people collect and send with some beautiful symbols.
Remember the Taihu Stone at the door. From the back, there is nothing unusual, but from the front, you will clap your hands, because this Taihu Stone is like an old birthday star, facing Renshou Hall, wishing the Empress Dowager Cixi. Do you think it looks like it? According to their shapes, the other four Taihu stones symbolize "Chunhua, Qiushi, Winter Dry and Xia Rong" all the year round. These four seasons stones and the longevity star are called "the peak is empty and the five are old", which symbolizes longevity.
Look at this bronze monster in the courtyard, which is called "Four Elephants". Look at its antlers, faucets, lion's tail and cow's hoof. Although it looks strange, it is a kind of benevolent beast with high ability to avoid fire. It is a kind of benevolent beast, so it is really in the right place in front of the Renshou Temple! You may ask, just now you said "you really found the right place". Is it that this "four unlike" was not here? You are right. The original pair of "Four Elephants" was cast in Qianlong period. It was originally placed in Yuanmingyuan. When the British and French allied forces burned Yuanmingyuan in 186, the other one was destroyed by the invading army. It is really regrettable.
dragons, phoenixes, incense burners and Taiping jars made of copper are also displayed in front of the main hall. In particular, the location of dragons and phoenixes is different from that of other places. In ancient emperors' palaces and gardens, mascots such as dragons and phoenixes should be displayed in such a way that the dragon is on the top and the phoenix is on the bottom. The dragon is inside, and the phoenix is outside. Here, it has become a pattern of "phoenix in the center and dragons on both sides". Which bold person did it? It was none other than Empress Dowager Cixi, the hostess who listened to politics and gave orders in this hall, as if to say to people, "Who said that women are not as good as men?"
(in the middle of Renshou Hall, on the left)
This hall is called Renshou Hall, which is a temporary place for emperors to handle political affairs when they come here for the summer. Its function is equivalent to Ganqing Palace in the Forbidden City, and its level is equivalent to Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City. This area is the political activity area of one of the three major areas in the Summer Palace. In every garden in the Qing Dynasty, there was a hall for dealing with state affairs, which was generally called Qinzheng Hall, to show that the emperor would not neglect state affairs when he was on vacation and entertaining, to show diligence. In fact, he was just too lazy to run back to the Forbidden City to deal with state affairs. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Cixi held the power of Qing Dynasty and "listened to politics" in hall of mental cultivation of the Forbidden City and Qinzheng Hall of the Summer Palace. People who are in power in the world usually don't want to die, but want to live forever. Therefore, Empress Dowager Cixi, who is in power, changed the "Hall of Diligence" to "Hall of Renshou" from the Analects of Confucius, which means that benevolent politicians can live long.
On the back wall of the main hall, there is a large plaque with the symbol of "Shou Xie Ren Fu", and there is a Kowloon throne, imperial court and many decorations in the hall. There are two furnishings worth mentioning. First of all, please take a look at the big mercury mirror directly opposite. There are 226 longevity characters in different fonts, which means "duo". On the left side of the mirror, there is a big word "longevity" on the scroll, and there are 1 bats in the background, which means "holding longevity with a hundred blessings". These 1 bats and the 226 longevity characters on the mirror mean "many blessings (bats) and long life (longevity characters)", which is really well-meaning. So, does Empress Dowager Cixi live a hundred years? Empress Dowager Cixi lived to the age of 73. There is an old saying that "people live for seventy years". It is not surprising to live to seventy now, but at that time, people who lived in their seventies had to say that they lived for a long time. Did those words "Fu" and "Shou" bless Lafayette? Of course not, this is inseparable from the regular diet and daily maintenance of Lafayette. People eat whole grains, who can not get sick? There are unexpected events in the sky, and people are doomed to misfortune. Who can avoid disaster? However, Empress Dowager Cixi is not afraid of getting sick. She said, "I can survive illness and disaster because I have a well to prolong life." It is said that drinking water from Yanchang Well is one of the secrets of Lafayette's longevity. So, do you want to have a look at the well of Yan Nian? Ok! Come with me, everyone. Let's go to visit Yannian Well. (by the yannian well)
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the yannian well. It is said that Cixi suffered from summer heat one year and could not be cured for a long time. I dreamt of a well when I was taking a nap one day, so I sent someone to dig it, and sure enough, I dug a well. Empress Dowager Cixi took water and drank a bowl. The summer heat disappeared and she was very happy, so she named it "Yannian Well". After that, Empress Dowager Cixi often drank this water and used it to make tea, which was called "making a cup of tea in Yanchan Well, which made doctors crawl all over the street". In fact, the well water of this Yanchang well is high-quality mineral water, which is really beneficial to human health. Cixi's affection for this well is better than gold and silver jewelry. In 19, Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, and Empress Dowager Cixi ran from the Forbidden City to the Summer Palace. She didn't take any gold, silver and jewels. She just came to drink a bowl of well water to prolong life, and then she left her hometown and took Emperor Guangxu to the west in a hurry ...
Well, after talking about the political activity area, now we are going to visit the living area of the Empress Dowager. First, let's take a look at Yulantang, where Emperor Guangxu lived in the garden. Please come with me.
(by the rockery behind Renshou Temple)
When we get here, some people may be impatient and ask, "Tour guide, you said that the Summer Palace is big and beautiful, and three quarters of it is water, but what kind of doors are it after we came in? Stones, halls, rockeries, where is the water? Why not take us to see it? " Don't worry, if the door is water, do you think it is too straightforward, and you will feel that it is not "deep". In fact, this is another gardening method called "landscape suppression". The so-called scenery suppression is to suppress the scenery first and then promote it, that is, when you feel that "there is no doubt that there is no way out", it is the time when you most want to see "another village". It looks like a winding path here. In fact, if you take a few more steps forward, you can feel the feeling of "a bright future"! If you don't believe me, please take a walk. Everybody! Is there a sense of joy with panoramic views of lakes and mountains now? As the saying goes, "Rome was not built in a day", so a beautiful garden was not built in a day. As we have said before, as early as the Jin Dynasty, this was the place where emperors went hunting. At that time, Wanshou Mountain was called Jinshan. On the mountain, there was a Jinshan Palace for the emperors of the Jin Dynasty to temporarily stay overnight while hunting. The waters under the mountain were called Jinhai Lake at that time. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jinshan was changed to Wengshan Mountain. It is said that an old urn was famous for digging out a stone urn on the mountain, and the waters below the mountain were called Wengshanbo. In the Ming Dynasty, this group of landscapes was called Haoshan Garden, and a quiet temple was built on the south slope of Wengshan Mountain, and it was changed to the West Lake. At that time, the scenery had already appeared "Ten Scenes of the West Lake". Especially in the Qing Dynasty, in order to celebrate his mother's 6th birthday, Emperor Qianlong of Shengshi Guojun built a large-scale construction project here, and added a central axis building complex from Paiyunmen to Foxiangge on the south slope of Wengshan Mountain, giving this group of buildings as a birthday gift to her mother to show filial piety. Emperor Qianlong also changed Wengshan to Wanshou Mountain. Since the mountain was renamed, the water will naturally be renamed. What is it called? It is said that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once dug a "Kunming Pool" in Chang 'an, the capital city, to practice the water army, so Emperor Qianlong followed the example of the sages, dug deep the waters under Wanshou Mountain, and widened the lake for training the water army in the future. After the completion of the project, this water area was renamed Kunming Lake. Now please follow me to Zhichun Pavilion, which is the best place to enjoy the panoramic view of the Summer Palace. I will introduce you to the important landscapes and buildings on the east bank of Kunming Lake.
(outside Zhichun Pavilion)
This is the best place to enjoy the panoramic view of the Summer Palace. Why is it called Zhichun Pavilion? Everyone knows the saying "Prophet of Duck in Spring River Heating", right? But there are no ducks here, how can we know that spring is coming? Our method is "looking at the willow and knowing the spring". As you can see, peaches and willows are planted everywhere here. Whenever spring comes, it is the first place to show people the spring, hence the name Zhichun Pavilion. Looking around, the mountains rise and fall in the distance, and the ancient pagoda stands tall. Now let me ask you, is this ancient pagoda in the distance in the Summer Palace Garden or outside it? The mountain in the distance is called Yuquan Mountain, which is rich in high-quality mineral water, which is specially for the emperors and empresses in the Forbidden City to drink.
The ancient pagoda in the distance is called Yuquan Mountain Pagoda, but it looks like Yuquan Mountain outside the garden. This gardening method of borrowing scenery from other places is called "borrowing scenery".
Let's take a look at the small island in front of us on the left. It's called Nanhu Island. There are three small islands in the south-Phoenix Pier, Mirror Pavilion and Zaojiantang, which symbolize Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou of Sanxian Mountain in the East China Sea. It is far away from Wanshou Mountain. This gardening method is called "opposite scenery".
The bridge connecting Nanhu Island and the land on the east coast is called Seventeen-span Bridge, which was built in imitation of the famous Lugou Bridge in Beijing. Why should a Seventeen-span Bridge be built here in imitation of Lugou Bridge? This has to start with Emperor Qianlong.
Although Emperor Qianlong was a great monarch, he was also an ambitious emperor. He liked the scenery and buildings in the south of the Yangtze River very much during his travels, so he had an idea, why not draw all the beautiful scenery in the long corridor and gather all the exquisite buildings in the Summer Palace, so there appeared "Yellow Crane Tower", "Yueyang Tower" and "Lugou Bridge" in the Summer Palace. Emperor Qianlong also wanted to keep the scenery of Hangzhou and Suzhou, so he imitated Su Causeway in Hangzhou and built a west embankment in the Summer Palace. Six bridges were built on the west embankment to add color, which also eliminated the sense of emptiness caused by the lack of buildings on the west side, and played the role of "adding scenery" in gardening methods.
In addition, Suzhou Street is built behind Wanshou Mountain, and the whole street reproduces the beautiful scenery of Suzhou water town. In this way, you can travel all over the south of the Yangtze River without leaving Beijing. Although you spend some money on landscaping, you can save the travel expenses and hard work of going to the south of the Yangtze River again and again. So, it's really a good deal!
There is an octagonal pavilion on the east side of the 17-hole bridge, called Kuo Ru Pavilion, which is the largest existing pavilion in China. It is connected with the 17-hole bridge and Nanhu Island, and looks like the head, neck and body of a turtle, symbolizing immortality with the shape of a turtle.
There is a bronze cow lying on the riverbank to the north of Kuruting, which is about the size of a real cow. Why is there a bronze cow here? There are two kinds of sayings: one is that in order to save water, Emperor Qianlong cast a bronze ox, and he specially wrote an inscription on the bronze ox, which was engraved on the back of the ox. Another way of saying this is that "when the garden was first built, there was a group of idyllic scenery on the west side of Kunming Lake, which was called" Weaving Plow ",symbolizing the place where the Weaver Maid lived, and the Tongniulang on the east bank looked across the river-Kunming Lake from the Weaver Maid. Isn't that romantic?
Finally, I'd like to introduce Wenchang Pavilion to you. Please look at this Guancheng-style building in front of us. It's called Wenchang Pavilion, and a bronze statue of Emperor Wenchang is enshrined in the attic. According to legend, Emperor Wenchang is a god who specializes in controlling the fame and fortune of the world, and is deeply believed by the world, even the emperor is no exception. However, Emperor Wenchang really wants to bless someone to become an emperor. With fame and fortune, and a country, will he be happy? Not necessarily! Here's an example.
Look at that small courtyard. Her name is Yulantang (pointing to the north). It used to be the "prison" of Emperor Guangxu. As an emperor, it's pathetic to lose the most basic personal freedom! Why did Emperor Guangxu, who was your son of heaven, fall into this situation? We'll talk about it later. Now, please enjoy the beautiful scenery and take a picture. We will meet in front of Yulan Hall in 5 minutes.
Ladies and gentlemen, what we are going to visit now is a group of buildings in the living area of the Summer Palace, where Empress Cixi lived when she visited the Summer Palace in the late Qing Dynasty. The front group of buildings is called Yulantang, where Emperor Guangxu lived. The latter group of buildings is called Yiyun Pavilion, where the Queen lives. This is a group of buildings adjacent to Kunming Lake, so with the artistic conception of "the lake is like jade, undulating", the emperor's residence was named Yulantang.
I wonder if you have noticed that there are two big stones standing right and left in front of this gate? Why set stones here? Does the stone have a history and say? Of course, but this must start with Emperor Guangxu and the Reform Movement of 1898. In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out, and Empress Dowager Cixi implemented a policy of non-resistance on the grounds of "not offending the supporting state", which led to the collapse of the whole army of Beiyang Navy, the largest in Asia of the Qing Dynasty. After the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing government ceded territory to pay reparations, and China was divided up by the great powers, which made some people of insight in China very excited. Reformists represented by Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and Tan Sitong
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