How did the Nepalese-British war affect the history of China?

The war between Nepal and Britain is called the Gurkha War. It refers to a war between England and Nepal in 1814-1816. Britain has invested about 24, to 3, troops, and Nepal has about 12, to 14, troops. It lasted for a year and a half, and finally ended with the signing of the Sagory Treaty. From then on, Nepal became a British protectorate until the end of World War II. This is the general situation of the war, and it is probably the same on Baidu. I try to provide some content that Baidu doesn't have. In fact, this war is very important, which has affected the pattern of South Asia since then, and has an impact on Britain and China. Nepal was a vassal state of China at that time, but the Qing Dynasty didn't help it. It is a very regrettable thing. First, let's talk about the background of the war. Nepal is an ancient country with a history of two thousand years. The people are made up of Mongolians in the north and Aryans in the south. Never ruled by China or Indian in history, it has always been an independent country. Even during the British occupation of India, this independence was actually related to the terrain. It is a mountainous country, and its territory is basically distributed in the southern foothills of the Himalayas. To understand the history of Nepal and the Gurkha War, we must start from this terrain. If you like friends of Japan's Warring States history, you can compare Nepal to Japan in the Warring States period. Japan is also mountainous, so it is difficult to establish centralization. So is Nepal. Historically, the dynasties in Nepal all referred to the regime in Kathmandu Valley. This regime can only be the leader of a vassal.

in the early 18th century, Britain invaded India. The Mughal Empire at that time had fallen apart.

this is a picture of the expansion of Britain. The British started from Bangladesh and their stronghold was Calcutta. At that time, the East India Company conquered many native states near Bangladesh. But the strength is not very strong. There is a powerful marat League in the south, which is its number one enemy. The British are fighting it. At that time, Nepal was also divided. The regime in Kathmandu is divided into three parts. So in the west of Kathmandu, an independent kingdom of Gurkha began to March into Kathmandu. Gurkhas are the Khrushchev caste who immigrated from India in the Middle Ages. Claiming to be the royal family of the moon The king who marched into Kathmandu at that time was Prithvi narayan Shah.

this is his standard image. He was later called the father of Nepal. He marched into Kathmandu because he saw that many Indian states were destroyed by Britain, and Nepal must be unified to avoid extinction. He is like Nobunaga of the Warring States Period in Japan. He has a better understanding of the outside world and is also courageous and resourceful.

through a series of wars and diplomatic means, he occupied Kathmandu in 1768 and established the Shah dynasty. Unfortunately, he died before he conquered western Nepal. When he entered Kathmandu, the then Nepalese government asked the East India Company for help. However, the army of the East India Company was wiped out halfway because of acclimatization and Gurkha ambush. This is the first time the two sides have met. There are 24 British troops. However, Prithvi is very realistic, and still tries to maintain a policy of non-aggression with Britain and concentrate on developing itself. He famously said that Nepal is a sweet potato sandwiched between two huge stones. Neutral diplomacy must be maintained. However, his son was short-lived. After his death, his eldest grandson succeeded him, and Uncle Wang was regent. The Regent unified Nepal, but when the new king grew up, he began to run amok. Nepal began to expand everywhere. First, it invaded Tibet twice. The result was defeated by Ganlong. So he paid tribute to China. Then I felt that with China's backing, I began to develop in India. So there was a head-on conflict with the East India Company in the south. Because Nepal is mountainous, there is a plain area in the south called Telai Plain. At that time, the border between Nepal and Britain was not demarcated. Nepal continued to go south. Britain has always wanted to conquer Nepal. Just want to wait until after the elimination of marat. The purpose of Britain's coming to South Asia is actually to make money. After the industrial revolution, British textiles were sold all over the world. He hopes to find a raw material base in India and then open the market in China. This time is the Jiaqing period. Britain has been trying to find a breakthrough in Tibet since Maagel failed to seek trade in Beijing during the Qianlong period. To enter Tibet, Nepal must be conquered. Just as the Nepalese went south, the British decided to solve Nepal first and then conquer the marat League south. Thus, in November 1814, Hastings, the governor of British Bangladesh, officially declared war on Nepal.

this is Hastings.

Nepal's head coach is First Bim Sen Thapa.

As mentioned earlier, Nepal was a feudal era of enfeoffment, and Prithvi tried to establish centralization, but it was not completed. Locally, it is a vassal who lives in a castle. Many fortresses have been formed on the mountain. In fact, such a country is more difficult to conquer than a centralized country. So the British concentrated twice as many troops as the Nigerian army, all of which were modern weapons.

This is the British Red Shirt Army.

Gurkha samurai

As you can see, Gurkha warriors, like Japanese warriors, also carry two knives. However, the Japanese samurai's short knife is used to cut the abdomen, while Gurkha's short knife is a deadly weapon, called Gurkha knife. It is said that you must see blood when you pull it out. Of course, Nepalis still have a small number of muskets and cannons. It's called Yatkan. Although the British are fully prepared. But it still underestimates the mountain operations. The British army divided into five roads and attacked Nepal from east, west and south. But the first battle was defeated in a place called Kalanga. The 4, British troops led by Major General Ghiles were defeated by 6 Gurkhas. Ghiles was killed.

This is the scene at that time. The picture is said to be the commander of the Nigerian army, Convard. By mid-1815, there was a famous British soldier named orcutt Ronnie.

He began to recruit non-Gurkha Nepalese warriors to join the British army and use Nepalese against Nepalese. Started to win some victories. The situation gradually turned against Nepal, so Nepal kept asking for support from the Qing Dynasty. But Emperor Jiaqing rejected Nepal's request. I think it is better not to intervene in the disputes between Yi and Di. Nepal's five requests for help were rejected, so it began to seek negotiations with the British.

The British put forward the demand of ceding land to pay for trade and mastering Nepal's diplomatic rights. After talking for several months, Nepal refused. So the British began a large-scale attack again, only 8 kilometers away from Kathmandu. So Nepal was forced to sign the Sagory Treaty and make peace with Britain. In fact, Britain promised peace. There are three main reasons. First, the difficulty of the Gurkha war greatly exceeded his imagination. There is little information about this war now. According to some diplomatic documents at that time, Nepalese lost thousands, but British lost more than 8, people. If we hit Kathmandu, the war will turn into guerrilla warfare, and the British may give up all their efforts. Secondly, the British know that Nepal is already a dependent country of China, and he doesn't want to destroy the relationship with China for the time being. Thirdly, at that time, Emperor Jiaqing sent Sai Chong 'a, a famous soldier in Qianlong's reign, to take troops to the border to guard, but Sai Chong 'a made a request for mediation to Nepal and Britain without authorization, asking the two countries to stop fighting. The British were afraid that the Qing Dynasty would intervene.

This is the scene when the contract was signed.

According to the contract, Nepal withdrew from the plain area and ceded nearly one third of its territory. The diagonal line in the picture is the sphere of influence of Britain. White is the present territory, and the eastern and western parts are ceded territory. Finally, talk about the consequences of the war. After the defeat, Nepal actually became a British protectorate. No westerner is allowed to enter Nepal except the British. But Nepal is not reconciled. First Bimsentapa began the modernization reform in Nepal. Secretly contact the French to establish modern military industry. And began some political reforms. The Tapa family is a big family in Nepal, and Bim's behavior mainly depends on his own family. The British took advantage of Nepal's internal contradictions to make another family, the Pande family, launch a coup to replace Bimson. Later, the Pande family was disobedient and incited the Rana family to launch a coup, bloodbath the court and establish a general regime. Until 1951. After more than a hundred years, it was called the Rana family dictatorship period. After more than a hundred years, it was called the Rana family dictatorship period. During this period, the Rana family only did two things. One is to plunder people's wealth and then deposit it in Swiss banks. The second is to provide Gurkha mercenaries for Britain. Another consequence of the Gurkha War was that the British discovered the fighting capacity of the Gurkhas and began to form the Gurkha Corps. This regiment later became the backbone of the British troops stationed in India. He made great contributions in suppressing the Indian national uprising. Later, he performed very well in World War I and World War II, and was called the strongest mercenary in the world. I think of Koirala, who is still a prime minister at the age of 9. Of course, another consequence is that the British opened the way to China and Tibet. Tibet became a British sphere of influence decades later.

This is the ruler of the first generation Rana family, Zhong Ge. Bimson, the first commander of the Gurkha War, was later honored as a national hero and died in prison after the coup. Later generations built a Bimson Tower in memory of him, which is a landmark of Kathmandu.