Comments on Shang Civilization 1000 words

Business Civilization is a hardcover book published by Zhang Guangzhi's works, life, reading and new knowledge. The book is priced at 82 and has 448 pages. I hope it will help some readers.

Selected Comments on Shang Civilization:

● 19 1 19. Oh, it's so beautiful.

Civilization of Shang Dynasty explores the historical evolution of Shang Dynasty from Anyang site and Erligang site in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. The author thinks that the succession of the Shang Dynasty to the throne is not a brotherly relationship in our traditional sense, but the representatives of different factions of the royal family across Taiwan, that is, the Shang king who took turns to be superior is not a brother. The author's point of view is bold, but obviously the evidence is not enough to make such a judgment based on the name of the king in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In addition, the author also discusses the relationship between Xia, Shang and Zhou, and thinks that Xia, Shang and Zhou coexist at the same time, at least Xia, Shang and Zhou coexist at the same time When Xia was strong, Shang existed as the square country of Xia, and when Shang rose, Zhou existed as the square country of Shang. They communicate with each other in cultural history, so the cultures of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties have homology.

Different from China Bronze Age, Shang Civilization is more like a comprehensive combing and analysis of Shang culture based on existing materials, which is regarded as a popular reading of Shang history. Of course, Zhang Guangzhi also showed profound thinking, such as thinking about the macro exposition of Marxism and drawing lessons from the historical school. It is also the only way to reconstruct the history of the Three Dynasties to retrieve the overall face of Shang culture from the typological analysis and temporal and spatial distribution of unearthed artifacts. However, it is somewhat disappointing that the new examination of temples in Shang Dynasty still left some problems, such as the relationship between the three-level system of entering the DPRK and the Zhao-Mu system, whether there is a Senate or Zongbo to ensure the rotation of the throne, and so on. How to prove that Erlitou is Xia culture rather than early Shang culture? What is the difference between them? The relationship between Di Xin's conquest of Huaiyi and the oriental factors of Shang Empire, and so on.

● I don't know how much content is not outdated.

Write the history of China in English ... if you translate it yourself, sir. ..

Some content is as wonderful as detective stories.

● This paper mainly analyzes the civilization of Shang Dynasty from the perspective of archaeology, and puts forward the viewpoint of binary group of succession to the throne of Shang Dynasty, which is quite innovative.

● Broad vision and rigorous narrative. Although I can't understand the essence of this book for professional reasons, I still feel good.

● "B-D group inheritance system" and "three generations of parallelism theory" are very interesting.

● Detailed and reasonable.

Reflections on Commercial Civilization (I): Commercial Civilization

Shang civilization

People in China have always believed that the Three Emperors and Five Emperors are their ancestors, and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are the origins of China people. Only when there is no archaeological basis can the descriptions in historical records be regarded as myths and legends.

With the development of archaeology in China, the Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes of Anyang site and Erlitou site slowly outlined the outline of Shang Dynasty for us. But for us non-professional history lovers, how to read these materials? Shang civilization gives us a general description of Shang civilization.

The author has excellent literary foundation and professional ability. The hidden logic behind many incomprehensible systems, what is the meaning of bronze inscriptions, how to divide the pattern, the similarities and differences between the B-Ding system and the Zhao-Mu system, and finally how to evolve into the political system after China. These problems gradually revealed their true colors in the author's pen.

The evidence of Xia civilization is not complete enough, and there are still archaeological excavations. The Shang Dynasty, which developed at the same time, will still be the best source for us to study the history of Xia Dynasty and China. How could the Shang civilization not be found out?

Reflections on the Civilization of Shang Dynasty (II): A Doctoral Thesis that I can't bear to publish.

After reading this book, I can always think of Cotton Empire, because it is like a very long doctoral thesis, but it is more readable than Cotton Empire, and I can read it consciously from beginning to end, unlike Cotton, which requires my own willpower. On the one hand, it stems from the interest in this subject, on the other hand, it is the narrative logic arrangement of Teacher Zhang, and some thinking habits of Teacher Zhang, who is also from China. I am thinking that a highly academic book can lead me to victory (yes, the word "I" actually comes from the name given to me by the royal family in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, that is, the person who holds the throne). What is the reason? Come to think of it, there may be these factors. First, the author's research ideas, he has a convincing methodology. He first expounded five ways to study the Shang civilization, and then started with the Yin Ruins in Anyang, the most brilliant center of the Shang Dynasty, which led to the discovery of Shang civilization outside Anyang. Under this framework, supplemented by detailed archaeological materials, cultural relics and documents, the scope, economic situation and resource exchange of Shang civilization are outlined. In terms of class differentiation, the way of succession to the throne, the relationship between ruling classes, military affairs, sacrifices, etc., this kind of argumentation and explanation method is beneficial, which first clarifies the research methods, then supplemented by detailed argumentation, then advances layer by layer, from the center to the edge, and then summarizes and sublimates. At the same time, this kind of argumentation method is enough to reflect the author's rigor and objectivity. Therefore, although this book has been written for 30 to 40 years, and new archaeological discoveries have been made during this period, its conclusions have stood the test. Ordinary people feel the way and attitude of a real scholar. No matter what line of work you are engaged in, if you can learn a thing or two from it, I believe it will benefit you for life. As for the specific content, the author's view of the parallel development of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties is impactful to a history lover, and his opposition to the theory of isolated islands of civilization is also very convincing. Needless to say, through Ding Yi's pioneering research on the business inheritance system and Zhao Mu's connection with Zhou's inheritance system, and through the dry goods of Xia posthumous title, it is refreshing to draw the conclusion that Xia, Shang and Zhou are in parallel, to speculate on the ancient society that they successively inherited, and to dialectically treat the Marxist view of history and Seves' view of the origin of the country. The last sentence of the book, "The decline of a civilization may only be the expression of social progress", is to look at human civilization and ourselves from the perspective of humanity, which makes people feel uneasy for a long time.

As a China person, if you are curious about where we come from, where our civilization comes from and where civilization should go, you should not miss this book.

Reflection on Shang Civilization (3): The doctoral thesis can be written so beautifully.

Another book of the same doctoral thesis, the previous one is Cotton Empire, but the difference is that it is difficult to read, and Cotton Empire needs some willpower. "Shang Civilization" is not only readable, but also the author's attitude and methodology of studying problems. Taking Shang Civilization as an example, this paper first gives five ways to study Shang civilization, namely, historical documents, bronzes, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, archaeology and so on. Then, focusing on Yin Ruins, the most important site of Shang civilization, this paper expounds the basic structure of Shang civilization, such as economy, trade, inheritance system, ruling mode and urban distribution. Based on the Erligang site in Zhengzhou shopping mall, this paper expounds the geographical distribution and development process of Shang civilization, and on this basis, discusses the origin, race and language of Shang. Under this research framework, it is full of detailed evidence and argumentation, which makes its conclusion stand the test. Although this book was written thirty or forty years ago, and more archaeological discoveries were made during this period, Mr. Zhang's conclusion has not been obviously subverted, which shows its research framework and depth. Besides, this book is not a summary study. There are two very important original ideas in it. One is the inheritance system, which is the best explanation I have seen so far, and points out that the Zhao Mu system in Zhou is its continuation, and it is speculated that the inheritance system in Xia is similar. The other is the parallel development of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, not the series development. People familiar with the ancient history of China often think that dynasties change. This book gives a new explanation of the rise and fall of the three generations, that is, the three civilizations of Xia, Shang and Zhou coexist and exchange needed goods. Summer is in the south of Shanxi and the west of Henan, the base areas of merchants are in the north of Henan, the south of Hebei and the west of Shandong, while the base areas of Zhou are in the Guanzhong Plain. At the end of the book, the author puts forward the paradigm of human social development through the study of Shang civilization. Is it the inevitable evolution direction of clan, emirate, country and country in Seville or the main line of Marx's production relations? This makes people think differently about the development model of human society, whether there is only one model, whether there are many models, or whether many models are mixed and influenced each other. By thinking about this problem, we can also push to other similar questions, that is, is the paradigm that leads to the development and formation of a system unique? I believe that if this book can guide you to think about these changes, it will be worth the fare, not to mention there are so many dry goods in it. Especially as a China person, if you are curious about where we come from, why we are like this and where we are going, then this book is not to be missed.

Reflections on Commercial Civilization (IV): #32@202 1# Commercial Civilization

Mr Zhang Guangzhi's ancestral home is Taiwan Province, and he was born in Beijing. He used to be vice president and academician of Taiwan Academia Sinica, academician of American Academy of Sciences, and academician of American College of Arts and Sciences. Contemporary famous Chinese-American scholars, anthropologists and archaeologists. During his studies in archaeology and structural anthropology in Taiwan Province Provincial University, he studied under the guidance of Dong Zuobin, Ling Chunsheng, Rui Yifu, Shi and Gao Quxun.

Civilization of Shang Dynasty, based on the archaeological discovery of Shang Dynasty 1928- 1976, combined with historical documents, describes and restores the history of Shang Dynasty by Mr. Guang Zhi.

"Shang" originated from "Dayi Shang", which is a place name used by businessmen to address their ancestral capitals, and its meaning is still inconclusive. To be sure, merchants originated in the East, based on Longshan culture in Shandong and Henan, but Longshan culture did not directly develop into Shang culture, and early Shang was an important link in this cultural sequence.

As an important stage in the sequence of Shang Dynasty, this book focuses on two archaeological remains, the Yin Ruins in Xiaotun, Anyang and Erligang Mall in Zhengzhou. The record of the trust history of China began in 84 BC1year, so the absolute age of Shang Dynasty can only be inferred from the record of Carbon Fourteen and the lunar eclipse in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. At present, the recognized absolute ages are: Shang Tang was founded no later than 1700 BC, moved its capital to Anyang no later than 1300 AD, and the Zhou Dynasty was about 16438 BC.

The general territory of Shang Dynasty: north to northern Henan and southern Hebei, east to western Shandong, southeast to the northernmost part of Anhui and northwest Jiangsu. Due to the dynamic changes in relations with neighboring countries, the so-called national boundaries are constantly changing. There are nearly 80 countries recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, among which 8 countries have more contacts with businessmen, including Zhou, Qiang and so on.

Archaeology of tombs in Yin ruins shows that the Shang society was seriously divided in Anyang period. On the one hand, the quantity and quality of funerary objects are amazing, on the other hand, a large number of people died at the bottom of society. The royal family occupies a lot of resources, and the workers are "all people" and Qiang people. Anyang human bones belong to Mongolian race, but there are no royal bones of Shang Dynasty to analyze and judge Shang race.

Some clues about tracing back to Shang culture: Xiajiadian lower culture is one of the earliest cultures that used metal around Shang Dynasty; The earliest archaeological Oracle bones (the shoulder blades of deer and possibly sheep) were found in the upper reaches of Liaohe River in 3350 BC. Temple names in Shang Dynasty and Zhao Mu system in Western Zhou Dynasty can be traced back to Zhixia. Chinese characters may have originated in Wen Tao.