Loyal officials should be loyal to certain ideas rather than rulers.

I can only say that what you said moved me, so I'll try one or two:

The source of loyalty can't be found, but I think Yu Rang's theory of statesmen should inspire us: you treat me with everyone, and I will repay you with everyone; You treat me like a national, and I will repay you with a national. In those days, Yu Jean was killed by Yao Zhibo and Zhao Xiangzi. Later, Yu Rang swallowed charcoal to give thanks, disfigured and assassinated Zhao Xiangzi. Such loyalty really touched me. The concept of Confucian origin and the strong desire to display their ambitions make them grateful to those who can develop their talents. Therefore, even for our own offspring, we are always grateful. Zhuge Liang's "Do My Best to Die" is a representative in this respect. Their foolish loyalty to the rulers can not help but make people sigh, even a little sad.

As for loyalty to an idea, to be exact, it can be regarded as an idea, such as the theory of Chinese scholars. But this seems to return to the question of loyalty to the ruler. Let's talk about Guo Jia's theory of choosing a leader again: the original words have been forgotten. The main idea is: why do those who leave a reputation always succeed? Because they are good at choosing their own masters. In today's troubled times, I choose a monarch, even if it is not. So after he took refuge in Yuan Shao, he took refuge in Cao Cao when he saw that he had accomplished nothing, and became famous in one fell swoop. It can be said that he was also "dedicated to Cao Cao to the death". This means choosing the right monarch and being loyal to him.

There is also a people-oriented, which is often interpreted on TV, that is, he is loyal to the people. Once the monarch betrays the people, he will stay away from the monarch. This is not typical enough. It is said that Fan Wencheng in the early Qing Dynasty was this type. Seeing the corruption in the Ming Dynasty and taking refuge in the Qing Dynasty for the people does not rule out the possibility of beautification, but this concept is completely different, and I don't need to say anything.

Of course, there are still some types. Since it's only a little knowledge, it's up to you to demonstrate.