Su Shi's

Red Cliff Fu

In the autumn of Renxu, on July 16th, my guests and I took a boat ride and played under the Red Cliff. The breeze is blowing slowly, and the waves on the water are quiet. Raise your glass and persuade the guests to drink together, chant the poem "The Moon is Out" and sing the chapter "Gentle and graceful". After a while, the moon rose from the eastern mountain and lingered between Dousu and Niusu. A white mist enveloped the river, and the water was shining and connected with the sky. Let the water boat drift freely and float on the boundless river. The river is far away, and the boat is sailing like a volley, and I don't know where it will stay; On cloud nine, it's like leaving the world, without attachments, and becoming a fairy who soars into a fairy fruit.

In the autumn, I look forward to July, and Perilla and her guests are boating under the Red Cliff. The breeze blew gently, and the water was unable to reach the water. Raise the glass to toast to the companion, recite the article related to the moon, extolling the chapter. Not long, the moon rises from the Dongshan, wandering between the Dipper and Ox. The milky fog runs across the surface of the river, and the clear water is connected to the sky. What a reed knows, ling wanqing is at a loss. The vastness is like feng Xu's wind, and I don't know where it ends; Floating like a world of independence, feathering and becoming immortal.

at this time, I was very happy after drinking wine, so I knocked on the side of the boat and sang songs. He sang, "The oars made of osmanthus wood and blue wood beat the clear water waves and went upstream on the river floating in the moonlight. My feelings are far away, looking at the beauty in my heart, far away from the horizon. " Some of the guests can play the flute, accompanied by singing, and the flute whimpers, like resentment, nostalgia, sobs and whispers. After blowing, the lingering sound is long, like a slender silk thread. This sound can make the hidden dragon dance in the abyss and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.

So he was very happy to drink and sang. The song said: "Gui Gui Xi Lan paddles, striking the sky and tracing the streamer;" I am pregnant, and I hope that the beauty will be one side. " The guest has a blowjob, and he leans on the song to make peace. Its voice is whiny, like resentment, like crying; The lingering sound is endless, dancing the hidden dumpling in the secluded valley and weeping for the lonely woman.

I was a little sad, so I sat upright and asked the guest, "Why did you make such a sad sound?" The guest replied, "The moonlight is bright and the stars are scarce, and crows fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking to the west is Xiakou, and looking to the east is Wuchang. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, the plants are lush and green. Isn't that where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling and went down the river, warships connected thousands of miles, covered the sky with flags, drank wine on the river, and recited poems with spears. This was a hero for a while. Where is it now? Besides, you and I are fishing and firewood on the small continent in the middle of the river, taking fish and shrimp as partners and elk as friends; Driving a boat and toasting each other; Entrust ephemera's short life between heaven and earth, as small as a millet in the sea. Lament the shortness of our lives and envy the endless Yangtze River. I wish to travel with the gods and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this desire can't be realized suddenly, I have to pin this helpless mood on the tune and play it in the sad autumn wind. "

Su Zi was sad and sat in danger, and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars in the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west, looking at Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Is this not because Meng Dezhi is trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, covered with flags, drank wine and sang poems across the river, and became a hero of the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, and we are friends with fish and shrimp and elk, driving a boat with a leaf, and raising bottles to belong to each other. Sending ephemera to heaven and earth is a drop in the ocean, mourning the moment of my life and admiring the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with flying fairy, hold the bright moon and end up long. Knowing it is impossible to get it suddenly, and the legacy will ring in hentai. "

I said to the guest, "Do you know the truth about water and the moon? Water keeps flowing away like this, but it never actually flows away; The moon is full and short, but it has not lost or grown at last. It turns out that if we look at it from that aspect of change, then everything between heaven and earth has never remained the same in the blink of an eye; Look at it calmly in the same way, then things and ourselves are endless, what do we envy? Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not what I should have, I won't take anything. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, when you listen to it, you hear the sound. When you look at it with your eyes, you see the color. No one can forbid it and enjoy it endlessly. This is the infinite treasure of nature, which you and I can enjoy together. "

Su Zi said, "Do guests know about the water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; Those who are full of deficiency are like that, while those who die are not ebbing and flowing. Gai will look at it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things and I are endless, but why envy it? Moreover, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, and if it is not mine, it is nothing to take, but the wind on the river and the bright moon in the mountains, which is heard by the ears and colored by the eyes; There is no prohibition on taking it and it is inexhaustible. It is the endless hiding place of the creator, and my son and I are in the right place. "

The guest smiled happily, washed the glass and refilled it. All the dishes and fruits have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Everyone slept on the boat, leaning against each other, and before you know it, the white dawn has already appeared in the East.

guests smile when they are happy, but it is better to wash their lamps. The dishes are exhausted, and the cups and plates are messy. Sleeping in the boat with each other sleeping, I know that the horizon has been white.

political frustration.

Xiao Sheng is sad.

life is impermanent and short.

We can see Su Shi's open-minded and indifferent attitude towards life from his "Qian Chibi Fu".

In terms of language style, this article is not as awkward as Han Yu's, nor as easy as Ouyang Xiu's. It pays more attention to conveying one's subjective feelings by capturing images and combining sounds, sounds and colors. It is often dotted with expressive new words, and the sentence pattern is that parallel prose is mixed and the length is scattered. In Qian Chibi Fu, "the white dew crosses the river, the water meets the sky, and the reed is like a reed, and the land is at a loss", which describes people's feelings of being at a loss in the vast universe, while "the river is full of sound, the thousands of feet is broken, the mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water comes out", and with extremely refined writing, it writes the impression that Qiu Jiang is cold and desolate in winter.

Qian Chibi Fu was written during Su Shi's relegation to Huangzhou, one of the most difficult periods in his life. In the second year of Yuanfeng (179), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for "Wutai Poetry Case", which was accused of slandering the imperial court. "After several rebuilds", he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in December of that year and was demoted as the deputy ambassador of Huangzhou Youth League Training, but "no official business signing, no unauthorized placement." This is undoubtedly a kind of "semi-prisoner" controlled life. In 182, Ren Xu and Su Shi wrote Qian Chibi Fu. In his poems in Huangzhou, he once painfully described the melancholy and depressed mood at this time. "I've been in Huanggang for four or five years, and I'm alone in the waves, so my old friend no longer asks questions, and I'm suspected of dying of hunger and cold.". Qian Chibi Fu was written at a time when Su Shi was politically frustrated, not free in action, living in hardship and feeling extremely depressed. In his Chibi Ci, it was clearly revealed, "river of no return, a romantic figure through the ages." In reality, however, I can only "grow up early" and lament that "life is like a dream". Under this heavy mental pressure, Dongpo has a deep feeling in his heart, and he began to feel more worried and nothingness in the world than ever, but if he just lamented the vicissitudes of human beings, it would not produce our admiration for his literary talent and personality today. The reason why Dongpo became Dongpo's "old Dongpo" is that he is good at "extricating himself from the outside" (which is very important). In a person's life, it is impossible to have no blows. The problem is the attitude towards blows. In the face of cruel political struggle, Su Dongpo wants to be detached and cannot be detached. He said in the back of the book "Before Red Cliff Fu": "When Shi wrote this fu last year, it was not light to show people, but only one or two people were covered. Qin Zhi (the word stolen by Fu Yao) sent a letter to him, asking for a recent article, so he sent it by hand. How difficult it is to be afraid of things, if you love me, you will hide it. " This postscript helps to understand the author's depressed mood at that time. Su Shi had to seek sustenance from the thought of Buddhism and Taoism. The landscape of Huangzhou evoked his nostalgia for the ancients, so he expressed his admiration for the heroes of his predecessors and his ambition to manage the world. In a word, Su Shi's state of mind at that time was extremely complicated: passive retreat and active enterprising, bitter illness and carefree landscape, but behind the idea of not competing with the world, he showed his anger at the injustice of the world, his aggressive spirit of being unwilling to compromise, his contempt for wealth and his broad-minded feelings of being proud and independent.

Some people once thought that the former Red Cliff Fu regarded Huangzhou Red Cliff as the place where Sun Cao made friends, which was Su Shi's "using things to make things easier", which was not very accurate. The Red Cliff visited by Su Shi is not the real Red Cliff where there was a great war in history. And the focus of Su Shi's article is not Zhou Yu's act of breaking Cao Zhuang, but he just writes articles by borrowing things to express his heart in order to get rid of it.

Looking at the full text, the author's feelings have undergone three changes: "joy-sadness-joy", and the author's thoughts have also experienced a development process from calm to depression, and then from depression to liberation. And around the three changes of the author's feelings, the whole article is also cleverly developed. "Writing carries Tao", if the author wants to make his thoughts and feelings clearly understood by readers, he must resort to good literary expressions. Su Shi's philosophical thinking in this article is also conveyed through his new use of Fu. Qianchibi Fu is a ci-fu, and the author's thoughts and opinions are often expressed by the way of subject-object question and answer. Qianchibi Fu obviously uses this traditional format. Cifu pays attention to parallelism and duality, and there are many parallelism and duality sentences in Qianchibi Fu, so it has the basic characteristics of Cifu. However, Su Shi's Fu is not as flowery as the Fu since the Han and Wei Dynasties, but only lays out things, with little philosophical infiltration. The reason why this article is long-lasting is that it has made new achievements in breaking through the old style of ci and fu, and we can call it prose poem today. The poet uses the flowing style to express the emotional waves in his heart, which makes his words richer in flesh and blood, more sincere in feelings, and seamless in feelings and words. We have to admire Su Shi's extraordinary ability to control words. To sum up, this essay has made two major contributions to literature:

First, it fully shows the characteristics of prose that "the form is scattered and the spirit is scattered". This poem is poetic, picturesque and philosophical. As far as the scenery is concerned, there are bright moons, rivers and autumn winds; As far as love is concerned, there are sadness and joy. Sometimes go boating in Qiu Jiang, buckle the side and sing; Sometimes he becomes independent and becomes immortal; Sometimes I ask questions and talk about philosophy. The change of scenery, emotional jumping is very frequent, but it is not messy, but with the author's subjective feelings as a clue throughout. In his article, Su Shi expounded the philosophy of change and invariance. Although this argument originated from Laozi and Zhuangzi's relativism philosophy, it has idealistic elements, but at the same time it has dialectical elements. This is the idea that the author wants to express intensively and is the "spirit" of the article. God gathers but scatters, and with the subjective feelings, the words of prose are ups and downs, which is full of interest. The article is full of emotion in the scenery, and it has a high artistic appeal, which provides a successful example for the creation of prose in later generations.

second, the ingenious use and innovation of "Fu" style. Fu on the Former Red Cliff is a clever combination of prose and verse, and a unity of poetry and prose. The article is a prose style, but it is not limited to ancient prose. Its sentences are long and short, and its prose is vivid and elegant, which is a beautiful prose poem. The scenes visited in this article are constantly changing, and the poet's emotions are constantly changing, but his literary style is always like a note. There are both the beauty of parallel prose and neat poetry, the beauty of poetic scenery, the beauty of free prose and the beauty of vivid reasoning. In such a prose poem, we can not only appreciate the beauty of literature, but also appreciate the interest of philosophy, which is undoubtedly the perfect integration of literature and philosophy.