Who wants to talk about lily?

Lily (scientific name: Lilium) is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant of Liliaceae, which is native to temperate regions of almost every continent in the northern hemisphere and mainly distributed in East Asia, Europe and North America. More than 65,438+065,438+00 varieties have been found all over the world, 55 of which are from China. In recent years, artificial hybridization has produced many new varieties, such as: Asian lily, musk lily, perfume lily, sunflower (fire) lily, hibiscus lily and so on.

Lily is mainly used for viewing, especially the cut flowers exported from Holland and Japan. Lily bulbs are rich in starch, and some can be eaten as vegetables. In China, eating lily has a long history. Chinese medicine believes that lily is slightly cold and flat, and it has the effects of moistening lung, clearing fire and calming nerves. Both flowers and scaly stems can be used as medicine, so it is a kind of flower for both medicine and food.

Distribution and distribution of origin:

Temperate regions, such as China, Japan, North America and Europe. Lily, with graceful posture, beautiful green leaves and slender stems, is a valuable cut flower rookie.

Morphological structure:

The appearance of scales is one of the basis of species classification. The scales of lily are mostly needle-shaped and knotless, and most of them are arranged on the bulb disk in the form of composite tiles to form bulbs. The surface of the stem is usually green, or brown striped, or almost completely brownish red. Stems are usually cylindrical and hairless. Leaves arranged in a spiral, rarely whorled. The shapes of leaves are lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate and oblanceolate, oval or strip. Leaves sessile or shortly stipitate. Lilium longiflorum with whole leaves or papillae. Flowers are large, solitary, clustered or in racemes. Flowers stand upright, droop or extend horizontally, and their colors are often bright. Perianth segments, divided into 2 rounds, free, usually bell-shaped and trumpet-shaped. The colors are white, yellow, pink and red. Stamens 6, filaments slender, anthers oval.

The bulb is white, with a height of 4-7 cm, a diameter of 5-8 cm, a wide oval shape and a burial depth of about 10 cm. The stem is erect and hard. The part of the bottom buried in the soil has 2-3 fibrous roots. The aboveground part 1.2- 1.5m high, 0.8- 1.2cm in diameter, ribbed, dark purple and covered with white hair. The leaves are scattered, sessile, bright, lanceolate, 3-15cm long and 0.5-1.5cm wide, with a sharp apex and more than 5 obvious veins. The upper leaves gradually shorten to form leaflike bracts, usually with beads between the axils. Bulbs are spherical, 2-3 mm in diameter, and will turn black when they get old. Inflorescence racemose conical; Pedicels are thick and hard, spreading, and flowers droop slightly; 6 perianth segments, orange-red, densely covered with purple-black spots, rolled back when opened, lanceolate, 8 cm long and 1.5 cm wide; Stamens are 5-7 cm long, and anthers are purple and spotted; The stigma is purple, and the ovary is 1.3- 1.8 cm long. The fruit is obovate and 3-4 cm long. Flowering-usually in July. [Edit this paragraph] The story tells that in a distant canyon, the seed of a lily fell into the weeds and sprouted and grew there. Lily is no different from weeds before flowering, so other weeds think it is one of them. Only Lily knows that she is a flower, a flower different from other weeds. Therefore, when the lily buds, other weeds laugh at it and isolate it, thinking it is an alternative weed, but still don't think it is a flower. Lily always endures silently, because it believes that one day it will produce beautiful lilies.

Finally, the lily ushered in the most important moment in its life. When it blooms in the canyon and weeds, it proves its value and significance. The petals of the newly blooming lily are covered with crystal dew. When other weeds thought it was morning fog, only Lily knew it was her own tears of joy.

From that day on, more and more lilies appeared in the canyon. Therefore, people call it Lily Valley. [Edit this paragraph] There are more than 90 common wild lilies in the world, and China is the origin center of lilies in the world. According to the survey, there are 46 species, 18 varieties in China, accounting for more than half of the world total, among which 36 species are endemic to China, 15 varieties, and Nanping has 16 varieties, among which 5 species are wild lilies, 1 variety. There are two kinds of wild Lilium lancifolium and Lilium lancifolium in mountainous areas, which are valuable germplasm resources in China. Flower breeding experts from the United States, France and the Netherlands have visited Nanping for many times and praised these varieties as rare and excellent varieties in the world, with regional characteristics and development potential.

Variety situation:

Lily is a perennial herb. The skinless bulb is oblate and milky white. The stems are erect, the underground stems have roots, and the aboveground stems are erect, short and strong, green and smooth. Leaves scattered and numerous, lanceolate. There are several flowers at the top, which are trumpet-shaped and spread out. The top of the perianth is slightly rolled outward, milky white, and the depth of the perianth tube is light green.

Common potted lilies are Asian potted series:

Super CompassSup, the plant height is 45cm, the flowers are golden orange, and the number of buds per branch is 4 ~ 6;

CountyLife, plant height 40 cm, dark yellow flowers, number of buds per branch 8 ~10;

Partnr, plant height 40 cm, crimson flowers, 6-8 buds per branch;

Fantasy, the plant height is 45 cm, the flowers are yellow, and each branch has 4 ~ 6 buds;

Camellia, plant height 45 cm, golden yellow flowers, 6-8 buds per branch;

NewWave, plant height 40 cm, pure white flowers, 7-9 buds per branch;

The blackbird, with a plant height of 30cm and crimson flowers, has 4-6 buds per branch;

Horizon, plant height 35cm, orange flowers, 6-8 buds per branch.

Oriental potted series:

Bravard, plant height 45 cm, white flowers, yellow heart, 6 ~ 7 buds per branch;

BabyLove, plant height 25cm, white with yellow heart, 6-8 buds per branch;

Prestige, plant height 40 cm, crimson flowers with white edges, the number of buds per branch is 9 ~11;

Miracle, the plant height is 30 cm, the pink flower is yellow, and the number of buds per branch is 5 ~ 7;

Word of mouth (Alibi), plant height 25 cm, leucorrhea with yellow heart, 6 ~10 per bud;

Feeling, the plant height is 50 cm, the pollen has a yellow heart, and the number of buds per branch is 7 ~ 9;

LittleBoy, 45 cm tall, with dark pink flowers and 5 ~ 7 buds per branch;

LittleGirl, 40 cm high, pink flowers, yellow heart, 5 ~ 7 buds per branch.

Common lily varieties: Lilium lancifolium

6? 1 Korean Lily

6? 1 Jin Baihe

6? 1 Lily

6? Lily Brown II

6? 1 Lily of Canada

6? 1 Bai Baihe.

6? 1 perfume lily (Casablanca lily)

6? 1 chalcedony lily brilliant red deer lily

6? 1 color lily

6? 1 Lilium formosanum

6? 1 Lily. "Geneva")

6? 1 astrologer lily (sunflower lily, fire lily) (lily cv. Star Gazer)

6? 1 Lilium gracile

6? 1 Humboldt Lily

6? 1 lily hybrid

6? 1 Lilium lancifolium

6? 1 Lilium longiflorum

6? 1 Lily of Europe and Lily of Taiwan

6? 1 Lilium nepalensis

6? 1 Lilium europeanum

6? 1 Lilium gracile

6? 1 Emperor Lily

6? 1 Lilium gracile

According to the order and pattern of leaves

Lily can be divided into four categories.

Lily group: This group is characterized by scattered leaves, big trumpet-shaped flowers, horizontal growth and high ornamental value. Three kinds are more prominent:

One: Minjiang Lily, also known as Wang Lily and Chiba Lily, has white flowers, yellow center and purple petals on the back.

Second: Musk lily, also known as iron spore lily, has extremely fragrant flowers.

The third kind: wild lily, with extra large flowers.

Zhonghua Formation: characterized by scattered leaves, rich colors and upward flowers. The outstanding features are:

One species: hairy lily, orange-red and purple-red, with purple spots on its petals.

Second: Yunnan lily, with white, golden, yellow-green and other colors of flowers.

Third: Dan, the color is red.

The petal rolling group is characterized by loose leaves, upside-down flowers and bell-shaped petals. More prominent is that:

One: Lilium lancifolium Thunb, edible, with orange-red flowers and purple-black spots on its petals.

Second: Hubei lily is the most beautiful orange lily in gardening.

Blade group: Impeller is raw, with different patterns but spots, belonging to this group.

One: Qingdao lily, flowers open upward, petals thick and shiny, with purple spots.

At present, the common flowers in the flower market are musk lily, king lily and hairy lily. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques 1. Soil preparation and fertilization Lily has strong adaptability, mild climate and sufficient sunshine. Sandy loam with deep soil layer and good drainage is suitable soil, followed by clay, and waterlogged land is not suitable for planting. When planting, choose a good plot, and apply 4000 kilograms of ring fertilizer, soil miscellaneous fertilizer and 40 kilograms of calcium superphosphate as base fertilizer per mu; Tillage 20 cm ~ 30 cm, harrow; The width of the border is 130cm, and the length of the border depends on the terrain. In rainy areas, ridges should be piled up to make ridges, with a width of 80 cm ~ 100 cm and a drainage ditch with a depth of 10 cm ~ 6500 cm.

2. Cultivation techniques Lily is generally harvested and dug in the middle and late July, and buried in slightly wet fine sand for preservation, but it can also be dug as it grows without digging in the ground. From September to 10, take out the root buds and separate them. The root buds are placed upward on the whole land according to the row spacing of 25 cm ~ 30 cm and the plant spacing of 5 cm ~ 20 cm.

Third, field management and pest control Lily seedlings planted in autumn will not be unearthed that year, with developed roots, and can be unearthed in the spring of the following year. Pay attention to weeding in intertillage, and intertillage should be shallow rather than deep. Lily consumes its own nutrients in the early stage of growth, and blooms in the middle stage because of base fertilizer. When buds appear, they should be picked in time to reduce nutrient consumption and improve yield. Lily is basically disease-free during the whole growth period. If root rot is found, apply 50% wettable powder and 500 times solution to irrigate the roots. Insect pests are mainly aphids, which can be controlled by commonly used low-toxic pesticides.

4. Harvest and processing of autumn lily. Harvest in July of the following year, remove the stems and dig out the bulbs, wash the soil, peel off the scales, scald them with boiling water for about 5 minutes, then remove them and put them in clear water, wash away the mucus and dry them immediately. Don't rummage when you're not doing it. You can bask on the kang in rainy days. After it is completely dried, it can be used as medicine. Dry goods per mu are 300 kg ~ 350 kg.