Appreciation of Lu You's ancient poem "Returning to the Second Hanzhong"

Yunzhan Pingshan reads the moon tour, and horseshoe likes to step on Liangzhou at the beginning.

Qin Yongchuan is strong on the ground, and Jingyang flows underwater day and night.

What is the legacy of Luningyuan? I am a lonely minister, and I am worried about myself.

Good times may make him hate for a year, and the first autumn is another year.

-Travel by land.

Lu You went from Kuizhou to Hanzhong (now Shaanxi) in the first month of the eighth year of the main road (1 172) to serve as an official and procurator of the Sichuan embassy. I went to Langzhong, Sichuan on business in October this year. This poem was written on my way back to Hanzhong from Langzhong. The word "back" in the title refers to stopping on the way home. The whole poem first describes the poet's happy mood of returning to Hanzhong, and then expresses his desire to recover the country by describing the victory of mountains and rivers and the military strength of the Jin people.

At the beginning of the poem, "Clouds on the Moon" is used to describe the experience and time of going to Langzhong. Reading the Moon tells us that the poet went to Langzhong for more than a month. In this more than a month, the scenery I saw on the road mainly wrote "Cloud Stack" and "Pingshan". "Cloud stack" refers to Li Anyun stack. From Hanzhong to Langzhong, there are mountains and cliffs along the way, which is very dangerous. The predecessors used trees as plank roads, so they called them "cloud stacks". Pingshan, a famous scenic spot in Langzhong, has the ancestral hall of the great poet Du Fu. The poet specially visited Jinping in Langzhong, and wrote a poem "Visit Jinping Du Shaoling Ancestral Temple", expressing his admiration for Du Fu. The poet wandered between Han and Lang and saw a lot of scenery, but only "Cloud Stack" and "Pingshan" were chosen here, which showed his elegance. The second sentence of the poem not only points out the theme, but also expresses the poet's joy of returning to Hanzhong. Liangzhou here, called Liangzhou County in ancient times (now governing Hanzhong), is used to refer to Hanzhong. The poet came back from a long journey, and the journey was hard and dusty. He finally returned to Hanzhong, and when he saw the vast source of Hanzhong, he certainly had unspeakable joy. But the poet avoided talking about it and wrote "the horseshoe first set foot on Liangzhou". Meng Jiao, a native of the Tang Dynasty, once described his pride after learning with "Spring Breeze Proud Horseshoe Disease", but here he used "Horseshoe First Happiness" to set off the poet's cheerful mood of returning to Hanzhong, which is really wonderful.

Three or four sentences in this poem inherit the previous meaning. Hanzhong is connected with Qin Yong (the hometown of Qin, now Shaanxi and Gansu). Qinchuan is 800 miles, with broad terrain, magnificent folk customs and rich products. There is also the convenience of water conservancy. Hanshui River flows through Hanzhong Plain, flows into the Yangtze River, and reaches Jingzhou and Yangzhou as far as possible. The potential of mountains and rivers is so good that military strategists can play a role. Zhuge Liang's northern expedition to the Central Plains was based on this. After describing the geographical situation of Hanzhong, the poet went on to describe the military strength of the Jin people. "Leave the Jin people's army in Shaanxi" means "leave the Jin people's army". Pingping describes the cowardice and weakness of the enemy. How can an opponent with less troops and less fighting capacity have foresight? The implication is that it is the right time to counterattack, recapture lost land and reorganize mountains and rivers. Lu You set his ambition to help the poor from his youth, but it was not taken seriously. After coming to Hanzhong, he saw the victory of the mountains and rivers in southern Shaanxi, and his heart rekindled the hope of recovering the Central Plains. He had actively suggested that the imperial court "should start from Chang 'an, take Chang 'an and start from Longyou." ("History of Song Dynasty, Lu You Biography") But at this time, the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty had made "Longxing Peace Talks" with the Jin people and had no intention of regaining lost ground. When he saw the scenes of "the general is facing an empty battle" and "Zhu Men singing and dancing again" ("Guan Shanyue"), he could not help but feel "private worries", and "lonely ministers worry about themselves and private worries" is a portrayal of his mood at that time. The description of two couplets in the middle of this poem makes readers not only see the magnificent geographical situation of Hanzhong Chuanyuan, but also see the poet's far-sighted strategic thinking. The "first happiness" of the first couplet and the "private worry" of the neck couplet not only reflect Lu You's deep patriotic enthusiasm; It shows the ups and downs of poetry creation.

The last two sentences express the poet's sigh. This sigh comes from "private worries." The poet has been concerned about his country and people all his life. When he inspected the northwest front, observed the victory of mountains and rivers and analyzed the enemy's situation, he thought it was a good opportunity to recover the Central Plains. Once lost, it will become a thousand-year regret. "I'm afraid I will hate him when I am in prosperity" reflects the poet's deep anxiety at this time. "Fear of doing" is the language of speculation and the discourse of decision. Later, he wrote "Opportunities in the Central Plains Lost Again and Again" ("Drunken Book Upstairs"), which can better prove that the poet's judgment is correct. The last sentence of the poem, "It's another autumn in the Great Pass", expresses a kind of helpless lament. Dasanguan is located in the southwest of Baoji County, Shaanxi Province. At that time, it was a frontier fortress in the Southern Song Dynasty, and in the Song and Jin Dynasties, Guan was the boundary. After Lu You came to Hanzhong, he not only actively remonstrated with the ambassador to Sichuan, Wang Yanjin, but also actively recovered the Central Plains. Moreover, he wears a military uniform, rides a horse and guards the border. "Iron Horse and Autumn Wind Scattered" (Book of Wrath) vividly reflects Lu You's proud military life at this time. However, year after year, he did not move, the years passed, and his ambition was hard to stretch, so he had to lament "another autumn." The last two sentences are the summary of the whole poem. We should not only summarize the whole poem, but also explore it, giving people deep thinking and reverie. Although the poem's postscript expresses the poet's lament that his ambition is hard to pay, isn't it an infinite deep sorrow for the future of the country?

Lu You's poems are praised as "many words and beautiful words, saying that things should be conquered and restored" (see He Lu). This poem just shows the poet's "emotional recovery", and the combination of "Zhan Yun" and "Dilian" is more "magnificent and full" (Preface to the South Lake Collection and Fang Hui). Another feature of this poem is that the antithesis is neat, and the nouns, verbs and reduplications are extremely neat. No wonder Shen Deqian said, "The seven-character French team played neatly and made things watertight, which was unparalleled at that time." ("Talking about Poetry")