A brief introduction to Yu Fu, the first scholar in eastern Fujian in the Southern Song Dynasty. What are his main achievements?

The life of a character is rich, and the word uncle. In the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 168), he was born into an educational family in Sanyang, Yidu County (now Yangshan Village, Yangshan Town). When Yu Fu's grandfather Yu Pi was hired as a teacher in Ningde County, he took his young son Yu Konghui with him. In the school auditorium, Kong Hui and He's daughter Ren Juan study at the same table. Ren Juan was born in a poor family, often donating money to help, and fell in love with Kong Hui. Later, he felt that Kong Hui was poor but ambitious, so he married Ren Juan to Yu Konghui.

When he was pregnant, his brother went to Yang Shan. When he saw that his sister's family was short of money, he took his luggage back to Ningde. He gave birth to a baby boy in his mother's house, that is, Yu Fu. Therefore, although Yu Fu's ancestral home is Yang Shan, he grew up in Ningde.

Yu Fu went to school at the age of seven. Fourteen-year-old, he studied under Hans Zhang, a famous person in Ningde (admitted to the main road for two years). Under his guidance, he studied hard behind closed doors, and often felt dizzy with his pen. Gradually immersed in the study of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, especially Zhou Li. Uncle Yu supported my nephew with his outstanding talent and kindness.

In the sixteenth year of Xichun (1 189), my uncle raised money for Yu Fu to go to Beijing to take the exam. When Yu Fu set off for Lin 'an (now Hangzhou), Yu Konghui saw him off at Ningde Wharf and recited a poem for his son: "Father and son only learn Confucianism, and often use pens and inkstones instead of plowing and hoeing. Now you run to Danque with a sword in your hand. I am poor and old. Don't hesitate to take Wan Li Road after drinking. In February next year, when the flowers bloom, send a peace book early. "

Shao Xiyuan (1 190), Jinshiyu, Geng Xu. When trying out the Grand Court, Guangzong Zhao Kuangyin was right in everything and had an incisive view of state affairs, which he called "straight but not arrogant" and "first". At the time of roll call, there were 587 Jinshi and their native places (557 in Song history and literature comprehensive examination). Yu Dafu was summoned by Emperor Guangzong and was very satisfied to see that he spoke frankly and did not attack others. He wrote a poem on the spot: "It is useless to be a counselor in Lin Xuan, and it is wise to keep the basic affairs well." Let me give you my sincere advice, and I will extend it to you in detail. Love the people and care about the country, but don't be lazy, be generous and kind. I gave a banquet for Joan Lin to fix the story and look forward to seeing the poem. "Yu Dafu grateful, and said" Yu He Ci Deng Di Shi ":"Wind, tiger, dragon Qi Fei, not by accident, I believe that prosperity is more virtuous. Yaoyu's education was deeply affected, and the consultation in the Han Temple was postponed. Release brown moustache and touch Joan's feast pet, and give poems to listen to. Love you, worry about your country and your life, and dare to bear the feast of Zhou Wang. "

Yu Fu went to the temple and sent a message from his father before the exam, presenting poems to the emperor one by one. Guangzong ordered him to go back to Gutian to worship his ancestors, take office in court, and awarded Hongzhou (now Nanchang) the post of officer. Yu Fu returned home with the imperial plaque and an imperial edict. The imperial edict contains the official position granted by Yu Dafu and his letter to his parents. Yang Shan's clan wrote a congratulatory message for him: "The Qiaomu family has accumulated virtue for a hundred years; The flying dragon is on the top and famous all over the world. " "Peng Yi is surging, and Zhuang Wan Li is soaring; Shantou is warm, before the change of 500 people. "

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinshi generally only awarded posts below the Nine Grades, and only got important posts in Song Renzong. However, the top three were only awarded to small officials such as He Tong (deputy magistrate). Yu Fuxian was sentenced to be the secretariat of Hongzhou (now Nanchang, Jiangxi), and soon changed his official position, and was sentenced to be the secretariat of the Southern Army in Shushu Town, Xuanyilang. Eight years later, Ning's imperial husband entered the National History Museum as a clerk and reviewer, and took office as a secretary province. Yu Dafu was an official in North Korea for fifteen years. Be sympathetic to people's feelings when in office, build irrigation and water conservancy projects, and restore places of interest. His political achievements are remarkable, but his official position is not high. It was not until November of the second year of Qingyuan (1 196) that he was specially awarded the secretary Zuo Lang (Zhengbapin) and the auditor of the Records Institute. He finally got tired of officialdom and retired to his hometown in the first year of Casey (1205).

When passing through Xianxialing, the 18th capital of Ningde, Yu Dafu wrote a poem (inscribed on the stone wall by later generations): "I was shy when I passed through this place twenty years ago. When the time comes, the mountains are good and the people are good, and I will write poems like the sea. The past dispels the dreams behind us, and the new voice is ashamed of the roadside officials. I am busy getting dressed. I am looking for fame and bamboo. " Yu Fu built a "Keming Pavilion" on the left side of Yangshan Shiyu Ancestral Temple, in which wooden owners with names of ancestors, families and officials were placed. Later, a garden was built in the south of Ningde County, chanting. About 78 years later, he died in Xiao Xuan Building, the south gate of Ningde County, and was buried in Qiu Jin Mountain (Yujiashan in Mingkeng), a village in Jiudugui, Ningde, and was enshrined in Xiangxian Temple. The original county champion has been abolished.

He has written fourteen volumes, including The Rites and Classics, Zuo Bian Jing and Sacrifice. Such as Zhu He's Jade Story and so on.

The main achievement is that when Yu Fuchu, the first scholar in eastern Fujian, was appointed as the judge of Hongzhou, he said at the farewell table of Lantian people: "Although the wonder of Yun He Ridge is really the jade of Lantian, isn't it passive?" Yu Fu's great-grandfather Bang Xian's tomb is in Andun, the eastern end of Yang Shan Village, and is commonly known as "Champion Tomb" by foreigners in Yang Shan. After Yu regained his official position, he returned to Gutian to worship his ancestors. He built three buildings called "Shi Si Building" and wrote "Xi 'an Shi Si Building".

Since childhood, Yu Fu followed his father, who made a living by reading in the library, and came to Changxi, now Ningde, along the road where Zhu left ink fragrance. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial court made it a national policy to emphasize literature over martial arts, and "set up schools in the world". Poor students also have the opportunity to go to school, and school children can study with peace of mind. When Yu Dafu became an adult, he studied under Zhang, a famous Confucian and Neo-Confucianism scholar in central Fujian, and achieved great success in his studies. At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty was in a peaceful corner, and the political center moved south to Hangzhou, making it more convenient for Fujian students to go to Hangzhou to take the imperial examination. Therefore, Fujian's "talented people in the Song Dynasty" won 765,438+044 Jinshi (recorded in the history of imperial examinations), and Yu Fu of Yang Shan was moved by the light of the right time and place.

There used to be a saying that the pancreatic orders of Gutian Ningde counties argued endlessly about this champion, but they actually could not stand scrutiny. Gutian county annals can't find any records about the champion.

Gutian Yang Shan, called Lantian in ancient times, is a village with a long history and rich humanities. Lantian Creek flows slowly from the edge of the village and is the source of the Aojiang River. According to historical records, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Anshi and other Tang and Song celebrities had a deep friendship with Lantian celebrities, where Zhu once lived and set up an academy to give lectures. At the foot of Shiyan Mountain, 3 kilometers northwest of the town, there is a magnificent Yu's cicada forest temple, which was built in the fourth year of Song Jingde (AD 1007). The temple, with a wooden structure facing south, covers an area of 132 1.8 square meters. On the central axis, there are gates, huabiao pavilion, lower veranda, front patio, middle hall, back patio and ancestral hall. The main hall is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep, with bucket-beam mixed wooden frame, double slope top and wind-fire wall. The couplets on both sides of the temple gate are: "The lion is thicker than Zhong Ling, and the cicada grows in the forest." . There is a watch pavilion in the gate, a wishful bucket arch on the door, and a vertical plaque "Champion" hanging in the middle. The plaque of Fang Ting Pavilion is "Cicada Temple Cultural Relics Museum", which has more than 300 cultural relics. In the main hall of the ancestral hall, there is a big plaque with six characters: "Tan Yue Zhushangshu Hall". More than 20 ancient plaques, such as champion Ji, Wu Kui and Jinshi, are hung on the ancestral temple beam. There are 24 ancient couplets on the pillars in the hall, and the whole building is well preserved. There are dozens of flagpoles and stone tablets in front of the flagpole of 100 square meters, which is the witness of generations of talents in zenrinji. Walking into the Zhuhong Gate, the Huadai brand with the title of "No.1 Scholar" hangs high on the Keming Pavilion in Erjin, which was the first in eastern Fujian in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the honorary plaque of the ninth Sun Yufu of Chanlin Temple at present. The Yu genealogy collected in the temple records the deeds of the champion Lang. Yu Dafu said in Xi 'an Temple Story that "since the Shang Dynasty, my ancestors have been arrested for generations, and the grandchildren of the twelfth generation have been blocked, and they have lost their eternal glory." In addition to the champion Yu, the descendants of Yu's cicada forest temple once gave birth to a number of decision-making figures in political affairs, such as Yu Jing, Prime Minister Yu, and Shangshu of the Ministry of Industry, and more than 50 literati.

Why does a family only live in a small village and there are so many talented people in history? It is necessary to explore Yu's cultivation of future generations and his historical concern for them.

In 968 AD, Yu Renchun, the sixth descendant of the Yu family, retired from the position of magistrate of Yongzhen (now Luoyuan) and returned to his hometown. Although he said, "I am very happy to return to my hometown, and my family is poor and secure. I have three or five acres of land to grow bamboo as a fishing rod", but in action, I have devoted my life savings to building a learning museum in the north of the village. Lantian Academy, founded by Yu Renchun, started with a family school. After many reconstructions, it became the highest institution of learning in Yang Shan, and the children of Luoji Village went to Pan Pan to study. After the completion of Lantian College, Yu Renchun felt that with the school, it was necessary to provide students with material conditions for going to school. "Ren Chungong stayed in the field for more than 70 mu and entered the valley stone at the age of 80" for his children and grandchildren to read at the age of 70. These fields are the best paddy fields in Pingzhou and Woye, and they are called "oil lamp fields" at home, which means to add lights and fuel to children studying. They are only allowed to take turns farming, never selling, only increasing. After the harvest every year, except for the annual sacrifice to ancestors, the rest is used as the reward for the children and grandchildren of the family to study. This kind of reward is sometimes considerable: if there is only one person studying in the family that year, all the income will go to this person, and if there are two people studying in the next year, it will be divided equally. And so on. So later, when children and grandchildren read more books, their share gradually decreased, so each branch jointly purchased land as the "oil lamp field" of this department. In this way, no matter whether the family is rich or poor, all children who can study hard receive the same support from the whole family, and many students are fortunate enough to win the double "oil lamp award" for ancestral home and housing distribution. This laid a solid material foundation for the reading of Yu's descendants, and this custom lasted for hundreds of years until the late Republic of China.

Blue sky academy not only occupies a favorable geographical position, but also is a godsend opportunity twice. In the eleventh year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu, a famous Neo-Confucianism master from Fujian, came here to give lectures, and students from all over the country gathered here. Lantian Academy has become the base of Neo-Confucianism in eastern Fujian, so Yang Shan scholars are ambitious and thriving. 13 years later, due to the "party disaster", Zhu once again came to this remote safe haven. His elder brother Lin Yongzhong from Gutian, Yu Yu and Yu Liang from Yang Shan, and his son-in-law Huang Gan who followed him, all received careful protection and care, so that he could give lectures with confidence and devote himself wholeheartedly to teaching and writing. During this period, Zhu wrote "Dongzhai Zhi" for Lantian College, which recorded: "Eight of the ten senior brothers gathered in Lantian College and taught in various colleges based on" Dongzhai ". People are all over Fujian, with Li in the east and Huang and Wei in the west, which is more than enough. Poems and rites are handed down from family to family, and the righteousness is well known "(in" Inscription and Narrative Monument of Yangshan Village, Fujian ").

"After crossing the land, it is a famous mountain", Lantian "has kept Zhu's legacy since the Song Dynasty", "Humanism worships filial piety, and poor families also become Confucianism" (recorded in Gutian County Records of the Republic of China). In the ten years before and after Zhu's visit, in addition to Yu Fu's top scholar, there were also Yu Liang's uncle, Yu Renchun's sixth grandson, Shi's sixth Sun Yuyan, and senior high school top scholars such as Yu and Yu.

Yu Dafu, who is confident that "his chest is full of stars and his writing is full of dumplings", can't restrain his joy when he sees that he has really reached the top. It is said that he once casually sang:

The poem "a silver vase offers a new inkstone and a new robe, and a thousand troops have their own gods." The first place is me, and I will never tolerate anyone. " .

Some people say that because this poem was denounced, Yu Fu offended the son of heaven and was finally demoted. Careful analysis is not entirely true. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was issued in February, and the imperial examination was held in March. The fish is the first, and the poem was also sung at that time. If you are reported, you will not be rated as the No.1 scholar after one month. The actual situation can be seen in Yu's Genealogy: "Yu Fu, less from Han Shu Zhang, learned from Zhou Guan, in the first year, Guangzong called it straightforward and not arrogant, and put it in the first place." It was Emperor Guangzong who took a fancy to his integrity and selflessness and was chosen as the top scholar. As for the demotion of official positions, I don't know the way of demotion in Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jinshi in high schools generally only awarded officials with nine grades or less, but when they arrived, they were favored, but the top three were only awarded to small officials such as Tong Yu (quoted from China's Official Selection System in Past Dynasties). Yufu was named the southern section of Xuanyilang Town, and was named as a six-product official position, with good treatment. Eight years later, Ning's Yu Fu entered the National History Museum as a clerk and reviewer, and wrote books such as The Book of Rites, Classic Theory and Zuo Jinglue for the Secretary Province. To the old age, "the official returned to find a good family to win the garden and build a porch to praise the students and celebrate the end of the year" ("Gutian County Records and Biography of People in the Republic of China"). Judging from the poems, the sentences are simple and vulgar, unlike those written by the top scholar. Therefore, the troubles caused by Yu Fu's poems are groundless and belong to the category of "folk stories", which is not credible.

Throughout the history of China, the imperial examination of 1300 years has produced more than 880 champions, but only a handful of them can really go down in history. There were poems written by Wang Wei in the Tang Dynasty, words written by Liu Gongquan in the Song Dynasty and words written by Zhang Xiaoxiang in the Song Dynasty, which showed the courage of Weng Tonghe. There are both Wen Tianxiang's "keeping the heart of Dan as a historical record" and Qin Gui's traitorous pursuit of glory. Not many people are really familiar with it. It can be seen that the champion is not a god, but an example of the struggle of scholars. There is a unique "famous stone" in the main hall of the three ancestral halls of Yangshan. When a high school champion from a clan returned to the ancestral temple to worship his ancestors, this "fame stone" was opened, and only Yu Fu in zenrinji could enjoy this honor. At that time, the ancestors presupposed that this stone was full of expectations and spurs for their family descendants, with good intentions.

We can also find other information about Yu by reading Yu's Genealogy. His tomb is located in Aoping at the foot of Zhangjinshan Mountain in Jiudugui Village, Ningde, but it has not been found so far, and the memorial archway of Zhuangyuan Street built in Ningde Old Street has long since disappeared. Only Yu Fu, when he was first appointed as the judge of Hongzhou, said at the farewell dinner table of Lantian clan on the floor: "Although the wonder of Yunheling is true, isn't the Xinghe Sect passive?"

There are few records about Yu Dafu's life. However, in the limited historical data, it is clearly confirmed that this scholar Lang has a high attainments in calligraphy, especially official script. There is also an official script called Yan Wengui's Xiao Temple on the Hill, which was written by Yu Dafu. In Song Dynasty, cursive script achieved the highest achievement, followed by regular script, and seal script and official script were almost equally famous. During the 320 years between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty, few people and historical sites were worth mentioning. As for ink, it is rare. Therefore, the ink of Yufu official script is more precious. The official script of Song Dynasty has a low position in the whole history of calligraphy and the development and change of official script, but it is indispensable. Therefore, Yu Dafu's official script can still win a place for the official script of the Song Dynasty.

Yu Konghui, the father of the Yu family, married He, and the family was sent to Ningde. Before Yu Dafu went to the exam, Yu Konghui wrote a poem to encourage Yu Dafu: "Father and son inherit Confucianism in mechanics, and often use pens and inkstones instead of ploughing. Now you go to Danque with a sword, and I am a poor and conservative person. I don't hesitate to drink and take Wan Li Road. I will send peace and books early next February after the Flower Festival. "

It can be seen that the Yu family really used a pen instead of a pen to hoe the poor and happy road. Therefore, in the past, someone deliberately slandered Yu Dafu, saying that his father had long since passed away, and Yu Dafu was the posthumous son of his mother's remarriage. Even deliberately misinformed "He Jia's nephew, the champion of the Yu family" as "He Jiasheng, the champion of the Yu family", which really deceived some people with unknown details.

Yu Fu's works include fourteen volumes of Li Jinglei Shuo, Zuo Lei, Sacrifice Ceremony, etc., as well as poems such as Monsoon Annotation and Jade Champion (lost), but most of them have not been handed down from generation to generation.

In the existing Fu Ning Fu Zhi compiled by Qing Gan Long Bali, there are two thank-you tables when fu won the first prize.

Some poems published in the Qing Qianlong edition of Ningde County Records mostly praise the beautiful scenery of Ningde and the temples in this city.

According to "Ningde Zhi" published in 1995, when Yu Fu reached the summit and listened to Chuanchuan's roll call, he found a new way in public: "A pen and a silver bottle shine on a new robe, and a thousand troops have their own gods. The first person to call the roll was me, and I never let people go. " And send this poem home as a family letter to thank his father for his kindness in raising him. Unfortunately, this poem caused right and wrong. At that time, Han Mao, the powerful Privy Council minister, boasted in vain that "the imperial husband is ambitious, flatters the emperor in front of him, disobeys the emperor behind his back, and dares to recite the poem' Never tolerate people'." After Guangzong asked why, he didn't do it. Although this statement can be found in county annals, I think it is a folk legend, and scholars in the Song Dynasty have a great influence on learning. It can be seen from Yu's Ode to the Emperor and the existing Xie Zhuangyuan and Biao that Yu is a very modest and introverted person, unlike the expression "I haven't heard of Tao, but it's not too out of line, and I can't make up for it."