Appreciation of Qian Qi's Works

The stone is old and fresh. You have been lying for several years. The flying spring came out of the forest and passed the cliff top.

The silence of chickens and dogs, what is the cloud? The last few peaks have won, and it is not far from a pot.

Zhong Qiuyu, Xiangfeng crude drug field. Danxi is a must, and Sandy is the color of Cao Qiong. Regret clearing the door and reciting hidden poems. This year, the grass is lush and the mountain period has not been lost.

Thinking in white clouds, it is late to pick diamonds in spring. Xihua Tibetan stone path, rock green belt hair.

Go to Murphy nine times and stay here three times. I also scoffed at Maoling. When I was poor and ill, I went down to Gaodong and returned to this province. The spring moves the stone, but Lin Changjue is low.

Love is hard in the old village, but I am not fascinated by the reward of Qianshan. Draw vines to see ancient wood, and taste wine to curse spring chicken.

When you are fashionable, you will be wild and old. I'm only slightly willing to retire. I should live in Xia Qi. Who said that Jiangshan was blocked and the heart was close to the dream? Rong Hui was always in sight and left for several years.

The county is connected with flowing water, and the clouds are far away. A few songbirds in spring, the frequency of late arrivals is round.

The geese have homecoming feathers, but no one visits the boat. I would like to enlist Ba Huang to welcome the jade steps. Original text:

You can come to China whenever you have the opportunity; The road is foggy and the ship is sailing in a dream.

Tianhai floated up again, and the boat sailed to the edge of the distance; Beyond the mundane, you will naturally feel the light of Fa Zhou.

The mood is quiet, and everything is as unreal as water and moon; The inner government of Shiguo will come out to listen to your chanting.

The most lovely thing is that there is a Buddha lamp that illuminates the soul; Sailing in Wan Li, your eyes are always bright.

Appreciate:

BCCHK, here refers to China. Floating in the sky means coming from a distant sea, so its ship is like floating in the sky. Zen silence or meditation, Buddhism refers to a quiet and peaceful state of mind. It says here that the ship was sailing at sea, so it was detained by Shuiyue. Sanskrit refers to the sound of chanting. Pity, love. Lights, boat lights are like Zen lights.

In ancient times, monks of the two countries played a great role in the cultural exchange between China and Japan.

Qian Qi gave this poem to a Japanese monk who was about to cross the sea to return home when he was in Chang 'an. Poetry is a farewell, but the first four sentences of the poem are written in the context, full of farewell feelings and praise for Japanese friends. The last four sentences describe the sea scenery, which is suitable for the monk's identity everywhere. The meaning of farewell comes from himself, praising his profound Buddhism and wishing him "the holy light of your single lamp". Sail home and all beings will be blessed. Because Japanese monks come from the sea, this poem begins with the imagination from the sea, and the bottom of the pen is full of emotion. It euphemistically expresses this feeling of parting through vivid scenery description and Zen machine performance. Sea fun Zen machine, deep affection and friendship, is a good farewell poem. Original text:

The mountain stream gullied the hut, and the clouds set off the city wall like colorful curtains.

After the rain, the colors of Hsinchu are refreshing, and the mountains are more lovely against the sunset glow.

Leisure egrets often nest early, and autumn flowers are full of vitality later than elsewhere.

The boy cleaned the path and waited for my friend to arrive.

Appreciate:

Gukou, an ancient place name, is in the northwest of Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province today, and the Western Han Dynasty is the county, and the Eastern Han Dynasty is abolished. Fill the vacancy, the official name, left and right to fill the vacancy, the functional department advised and recommended to the emperor, and the lower level said that the left and right were connected to the remains. Springs and valleys, mountains and rivers, huts and huts. Xia Yun refers to the light of Xia Yun. Polygonum, Ficus pumila, Chen Mulian, Ivy. Guo Wei's "Nine Songs of Chu, Mrs. Xiang": The net is like a curtain. Pity, love. Autumn flowers, Lu you's famous flowers have not fallen. Servants, former slaves. Saul Path was often used in ancient times to show the sincerity of welcoming guests. Luo, often called Guo Luo together with Guo in ancient times, is a feature of hermits. Shan Gui: If a person is a mountain, he will be brought up by Li Xi. Female radish, that is, toast, was also considered a female radish in ancient times. Yesterday, that sentence meant that I had booked a tour with Yang Bukui. Yesterday also means the past.

Poems about the scenery around Taniguchi's study: even bamboo is particularly lovely after the new rain, because there is more water in life; Sunset Mountain is lovely because it is a fleeting realm. This also prompted Yang to fill the vacancy and come to the appointment.

This is an invitation poem. Yang Bukui came to the study to talk about this poem. The biggest feature of this poem is that it personifies water, clouds, bamboo, mountains, herons and flowers, which is very emotional. Poems describe the scenery of the study, which is quiet and fresh. After the rain, Hsinchu is full of vitality, the setting sun shines on the mountains, and the afterglow is moving. The autumn flowers have not fallen, and there are still buds. In this case, why not urge Yang to keep his appointment?

Poetry is all about scenery, and the grammar is concise. The first couplet starts from the right, writing about sunny and rainy days, writing about flowers and birds in the neck couplet, and writing invitations in the last couplet. "You will fall in love with Hsinchu after the rain and Qingshan in the sunset" is also a beautiful sentence. Original text:

Xiaoxiang, why wait for nothing?

The water is green, bright and covered with moss on both sides.

Twenty-five strings playing jathyapple,

I can't get rid of my grievances, but I can fly.

Appreciate:

The poet lived in the north, and when he saw the geese returning to the north, he touched his feelings, so he wrote this song "Returning Wild Goose".

As a migratory bird, it is a normal natural phenomenon that geese return from south to north whenever spring comes, but the poet insists on asking, "Why does Xiaoxiang wait for it?" The water is green, bright and covered with moss on both sides. "These two sentences are inverted sentences.

It means: "Xiaoxiang water is clear and sandy, the banks are covered with moss, the water is warm and full, and the scenery is beautiful." These geese just perch. Why do you want to fly back casually? "

The ancients generally didn't know much about the life habits of geese. They think that when they fly to Yan Hui Peak, south of Hengyang County, Hunan Province, they will not fly south, and they will return to the north in the next spring. Xiaoxiang is in the south of Dongting Lake, with warm water, plenty of food and good climate. The ancients thought it was a good place for geese to spend the winter, so the poet imagined that geese came from Xiaoxiang. Du Mu's poem "Early Goose": "There are few tireless Xiaoxiang people, and the water is rich in rice and raspberry moss." That's what I said.

The last two sentences were answered by the poet Dai Yan: "It is difficult to clear up grievances when playing jathyapple on 25 strings." These two sentences are based on the legend of Xiang Ling Gu Se. In ancient times, the goddess Xiang Shui was good at playing drums and piano. At first, the harp had fifty strings. Because the goddess played in a melancholy tone, God ordered them to be changed to twenty-five strings. Qian Qi's leading poem Xiangse is a famous sentence describing Xiangse. At the end of the poem, there are two sentences: "No one can see it at the end of the Song Dynasty, and there are several peaks on the river". Here, on behalf of Da Yan, the poet replied: "Xiaoxiang was originally a good place, but the water god in central Hunan often played drums and played the piano under the moon, and his voice was sad and he flew back to find a better place to live."

Although the night scene of Xiaoxiang and the muffled voice in the poem are imaginary words, through such questions and answers, the goose is written as a creature familiar with music and full of emotions.

This poem has rich imagination and clear artistic conception. On the surface, writing about geese is actually how poets feel on a spring night. The poem doesn't say what this feeling is. It is precisely because I didn't make it clear that I left readers with unlimited imagination. Original text:

The remnant yellow birds in Taniguchi spring are rare.

Magnolia is in full bloom.

Began to pity the window of the tourist mountain,

Don't change your mind. Be nice to me.

Appreciate:

The word "Gukou" implies the location of "Gushan Caotang" in the title; The word "spring disability" is "late spring" in interpretation; The following sentences are all what I saw and felt after I came back, and my thinking is clear and rigorous. Taniguchi has a beautiful environment. The poet once said, "Taniguchi is a good spring stone, and people can live in Lu Chen. Cattle and sheep go downhill, and fireworks are deep in the clouds. All the way into the stream, several families are connected with bamboo curtains. A hidden rainbow left a rain in the evening, scaring the falcon to drop the remnant birds ... "(The Wall of Yushan Village).

When spring comes to Taniguchi, it is even more unique. However, at this time, it is the "spring season", yellow birds are scarce, magnolia flowers are dying, and apricot flowers are flying.

Yellow birds and orioles (yellow birds) are euphemistic and pleasing to the ear; Xinyi, the flower of Mulan tree, is called wooden pen flower, which blooms earlier than apricot flower, so the poem says, "Xinyi makes apricot flower fly." A "rareness", a "exhaustion" and a "flying" set off the passage of spring, leaving an empty withered breath without a trace.

However, in this cold atmosphere, the poet is happy to find the bamboo in front of the window, proudly vigorous, green and swaying, welcoming its owner who returned after a long separation. The poet can't help chanting: I began to pity you under the window of Zhushan, and I won't change if I don't go back. Those who pity love. Love is its "unchangeable yin" and "unchangeable yin", which concisely and accurately summarizes the harmonious and unified characteristics of bamboo's internal beauty and external beauty. "Ye Qiu full moon dew, the wind scattered smoke. You should know that first frost remains the same, and always keep the cool color in front of the palace "(Tang Qiu's" Ting Chu "). "Asserting that Qingshan does not relax, the roots are broken. A thousand batters are still strong, and there is wind in the southeast and northwest "(Zheng Banqiao Bamboo Stone). Isn't it the poet's character of "not changing the pitch" that eulogizes songs? In this poem, it is the "change" of Qian Qi's spring birds and spring flowers-thinning, exhaustion and flying, which embodies the "unchangeable" of bamboo. Poets love "invariability", so it goes without saying. It can be seen that the first and second sentences of the poem do not praise the spring birds and spring flowers, let alone regret their disappearance, but express their feelings that they go with the spring, float and sink with the times and cannot stand on their own feet in the world.

Some pictures are inside the paper, others are outside the paper. Poetry can also be said to have meaning, meaning. "At first, I felt a pity under the window of You Zhu Mountain, but I didn't change my mind and waited for my return." I vividly expressed the poet's sympathy for bamboo and the feelings of You Zhu's Waiting for Me in the form of flowing pairs, people and things, things and people. In this artistic conception, the poet's praise for the secluded bamboo and his noble integrity of being fearless of the cold and vulgar bends in late spring and autumn are pinned. Therefore, it not only gives people beautiful enjoyment, but also gives people endless aftertaste with its profound implication. The elder said:

"W (Qian Qi) is novel and clear. .. Wenzong Youcheng (Wang Wei) Xu Yige "(Gao Zhongwu's Zhongxing Collection). Maybe it refers to this kind of poetry. Original text:

Good at drums, clouds and musical instruments,

Taste the spirit of the emperor.

Feng Yi dances alone,

Chuck is terrible.

Bitter and sad stone,

Talk to the darkness.

Cangwu came to complain,

Angelica dahurica is fragrant.

Running water spread to sumo,

Very Thai went to Dongting.

At the end of the song,

There are several peaks on the river.

Appreciate:

This poem was written when Qian Qi was admitted to Jinshi in the tenth year of Tianbao (75 1). After reading for a while, he established his immortal reputation in poetry.

According to the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty, all prefectures and counties selected Jinshi to pay tribute to the capital, and tried out the Jinshi examination presided over by the Ministry of Rites in Shangshu Province, which was called "provincial examination" or "examination". The poem written during the exam is called "Trial Post Poetry". This kind of poems generally have five words and six rhymes, and have strict rules, which are easy to bind the author's thoughts and difficult to write well; However, some writers are good at "dancing in chains" and often improvise and write good poems that will last forever. This poem is a masterpiece in the trial post poem.

This poem, entitled "Xianggu Lingse", is taken from "Yuan You of Chu Ci", which contains a beautiful legend-Shun Di was buried in Cangwu Mountain after his death, and his concubine drowned herself in water because of grief and became the goddess of Xiangshui; She often plays the piano by the river and expresses her grief with the harp.

According to the requirement that the trial poem should stick to the theme and not be detached, the poet summarized the theme in the first two sentences, pointed out the legend that the goddess of Xiang water was good at drumming instruments, and secretly used the meaning of "Nine Songs of Lady Xiang" and "Going to the North of Zhu" to describe the goddess' going to the shore of Xiang water. She was full of sadness, stroking clouds and musical instruments, and playing weeping music.

In the middle four sentences, the poet spreads the wings of imagination, making his thoughts soar back and forth on the banks of Hunan water, the wild fields of Cangwu and Dongting Lake, bringing readers into a magical and illusory world.

The touching sound of the harp first attracted Feng Yi, the water god, who danced wildly in front of Xiangling. But the word "empty" shows that Feng Yi doesn't understand Xiangling's sadness. And those "Chu Ke" who were relegated to Xiangshui enjoyed Xiangling's sad heart hidden in music, and they couldn't help but feel sad.

Next, the poet deliberately plays up the appeal of the sound. "Bitter sounds and sorrowful stones, clear sounds and ghosts. Cangwu complains, and Angelica dahurica is fragrant. " The sound of the harp is sad and bitter, which can make hard stones sad; The sound of the harp is loud and clear, and it can reach very high and high, and it can reach the extremely high and far sky!

The sound of the harp spread to the wild of Cangwu, and touched the spirit of Shun Di who was sent up the mountain. He made the angelica dahurica on the mountain spit out the fragrance, which was in harmony with the sound of the harp, and filled a vast space, which made people miserable and made the plants emotional.

"Water flows to Pu, and I hate Taiwan for crossing Dongting". What these two words say is that the music played by Xiang Ling interweaves with the fragrance incited by Shun Di at the source of Xiang Shui, forming a strong hate platform, which blows all over Dongting Lake for 800 miles along the flowing water.

At this point, the music reached a climax and the feelings reached a fever. With the poet's rich imagination, Xiangling's sadness was fully expressed and expressed. However, this is not the most wonderful part of the whole poem. Let the whole poem shine at the moment is the two sentences at the end:

At the end of the song,

There are several peaks on the river.

Qian Zhengzhuan, an old Tang book, said that these ten words came from Ghost Ballad, but in fact it was nothing more than saying that these two poems were the crystallization of Qian Qi's painstaking efforts. The beauty of this couplet lies in:

First, a sudden turn, unexpected. It is an accident to make music come to an abrupt end in the climax after describing the expressive force of music incisively and vividly; It is another accident that the poetic realm suddenly pulls back to the real world from the illusory world. The second is to echo from beginning to end, and the ending is round. The whole poem begins with the appearance of the goddess of Xiang water and ends with the disappearance of the goddess of Xiang water, forming an organic whole.

The last two sentences were born, which can be called "swan song", but at the same time they are the key links of the whole article; So although the word "no" appears again, so be it. It is really commendable that the author dares to break through the norm that trial poems do not emphasize words. The third is to knot feelings with the scenery, and the sound is lingering. Most of the space in front of the poem is devoted to expressing the sadness of the goddess Xiang Shui with imaginary pictures, and the end is a jump, describing that after the song is over, there is only one river and several peaks on the picture. This extremely clean and beautiful picture leaves readers a broad space for thinking: perhaps Xiangling's sadness has been integrated into the continuous flowing water of Xiangjiang River, or perhaps Xiangling's beautiful image has turned into several peaks and green hills on the river; Is it that Xiangling blends with nature and tells her sad and touching story to later generations year after year? Could it be that Xiangling's singing accompanied by the flowing water of Xiangjiang River will always leave people with magical and wonderful reverie? All this is in silence. There is a saying in the Song Dynasty that "love and scenery are the best combination", which is probably inspired by this kind of poetry. Original text:

Yellowbirds twinkle in the royal forest,

The Forbidden City turns pale in the dawn of spring.

Flowers cover the bells of the Elysium Palace,

And the rain deepened the willow trees in Longhu.

But spring doesn't help a confused person at all.

Han Xiao often hangs the heart of the sun.

However, his poems, which have been rejected for ten years, are a disgrace.

These white hairs fixed by petal-shaped pins.

Appreciate:

This is a poem given as a gift. The purpose of writing poetry is to ask Pei Sheren for quotations.

In the first four sentences, the poet missed the point, but inadvertently described a gorgeous spring scene of the court: in early spring and February, orioles danced in groups in Shanglin Garden, chasing and playing; The Forbidden City is full of spring. At dawn, among the lush trees, a touch of chun yin was sprinkled. The bells of Changle Palace flew over the palace wall, floated into the air and slowly scattered outside the flower trees. There are thousands of willows in Longchi, where Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty once lived, and they are more and more green in the drizzle. These four poems all describe the scenery of the palace garden.

So, why did Qian Qi involve these palaces when he wrote poems for Mr. Pei? It depends on scheeren's daily activities. The emperor of the Tang dynasty was surrounded by officials such as the general manager, the living general manager and the general manager of Chinese books. These "attendants" accompany the emperor every day and ask about confidential matters. The actual scope of power is very large.

It is not difficult to understand that the first four sentences of this poem are not for the sake of scenery writing, but for highlighting the special position of Pei Sheren in the "landscape language". Because Scheeren Pei followed the imperial coffin and the attendants lived in Chen Ju, they could see the palace scenery that ordinary officials could not see. When the emperor was lucky enough to go to Shanglinyuan, Mr. Pei saw the early warbler in Shanglinyuan; When the emperor was in the Forbidden City, Pei Scheeren saw the dawn of spring shade in the imperial city; When Mr. Pei wrote to Cao, he heard the soothing bell of Changle Palace. The change of willow color in Longchi and the thick green in the rain are naturally familiar to Pei Scheeren on weekdays. All four kinds of scenery make people see the shadow of Pei Sheren.

It can be seen that although there is no positive mention of Mr. Pei, in fact, every sentence is a compliment to Mr. Pei. Compliments are full, but there is no trace, which shows the ingenuity of the technique.

Next, with a change of pen, the poet wrote on the theme of the request:

The meaning of this sentence is that although there is warm sun, it can't make a person's hatred of being down and out dissipate. The sentence "Han Xiao" is like this, but when I look up at the sky, I still tend to the sun, which means I have a sincere desire to serve the court. The sentence "Dedicating Fu" said that I have been dedicating Fu to the imperial court for ten years, but unfortunately I have not been appreciated by my bosom friend. "General Shame" said that even my hair has turned white now, and I can't help but feel ashamed to see your officials wearing hairpins.

The meaning is clear, but the words are implicit and maintain a certain identity.

Throughout this poem, it expresses a compliment and a kind of help, but it is very vague and tortuous, especially the first four sentences. Although it is a compliment, it is not vulgar, because it is included in the "landscape language". This shows Qian Qi's skillful artistic skills. Original text:

Traveling alone, I forgot to return home many times.

This is a hidden place.

Make a clear stream,

Yueming can't go.

More pity,

Quiet as a heron on the beach.

On the heart of white clouds,

Thousands of miles in Cangzhou is interesting.

Wildfires in reeds are exhausted,

Akiyama tree in Pukou.

Sigh branching bird,

When shall we meet again?

Appreciate:

In classical poetry, there are countless works with the theme of fisherman, starting with the "fisherman" in Chu Ci. Ancient poets often regarded fishermen as hermits. Generally speaking, fishermen's works objectively describe their floating events and enjoying themselves, but Qian Qi's five ancient poems all wrote "keeping company with fishermen", which is different and interesting.

The first six sentences of this poem are about the fishermen's residence. The poet wandered outside and came to the residence of fishermen in Lantianxi, feeling that he had found his ideal place. Originally, I was "wandering alone and forgot to go home", but today I feel more comfortable in a place where a hermit lives. There are clear springs and bright moons, quiet and noble people, and the environment is harmonious with the heart. People and feelings are naturally more comfortable when they are integrated. The poet described his love for Lantian Creek and publicized it layer by layer. "Love is hidden here" adds a kind of meaning of "forgetting to return", and even the clear water can make people feel nostalgic, further illustrating the beauty of hiding place.

Finally, "more pity for the old fisherman" and more love for the old fisherman come down to the expectation of being with the fisherman. The beauty of seclusion lies in its "purity", "brightness" and "quietness". The author weaves these ideas with the unique scenery to form a beautiful picture of heaven.

The middle four sentences of this poem are about the fun of staying with fishermen. The poet stayed with the fisherman, not because he had nowhere to live during the journey, but because he had a long talk in the clear night and got a bosom friend. During the discussion, the fisherman's feelings drifting away from things and the pleasure of thousands of miles in Cangzhou made his heart yearn for it. In Tao Qian's farewell speech, "Baiyun Xin" means "clouds come out of the hole unintentionally", just like Liu Zongyuan's poem "Clouds on the cliff, one by one" is a metaphor for hermits. "Cangzhou fun" is the fun of seclusion by the water. Cangzhou, a land of water. It was often used as a hermit's residence in ancient times. Poets stayed with fishermen, talking about seclusion and the happiness of seclusion, not realizing that the wildfire had burned out and the east was dawning. I can see that the two men boiled tea all night and chatted endlessly, enjoying themselves.

The last two sentences are sorry for the fisherman. The poet sighs that leaving today is like a bird perching on a branch, and I don't know when to meet again, and I am disappointed. This will push the relationship with fishermen to a new level.

There are many hermits in ancient poems, but they are hard to meet. Hermits live in seclusion and live in seclusion. In writing, they often "describe people by their shadows", such as Jia Dao's Encounter Hermit in the Tang Dynasty, Qiu Wei's Remembering the Hermit in the Western Hills, Lu Chang's Seeing Li Up the Mountain, and Ye Wei's Last Words of Li Sao, etc.

To write about the people you met, write more about fishermen, firewood workers and cultivators, and rarely write about sleeping with secluded fishermen like Qian Qi. Qian Qi's writing style enhances people's sense of reality about the life and feelings of hermits, and at the same time shows his mind from the confession that the poet sleeps with the fisherman. Original text:

Poetry comes at night,

Full moon xiegong building

Shadows are closed, doors are quiet,

Cold begets autumn alone.

The magpie's shock dissipated with the leaves,

Fireflies are far away in the smoke.

At the end of the day,

Eliminate some worries.

Appreciate:

Pei Di, a friend of Wang Wei and Du Fu, was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem by Qian Qi is about enjoying the moon in Pei Di's study on an early autumn night.

A few friends get together, drink and recite poems. Unconsciously, the night is getting deeper and deeper, the moon rises, and the moonlight fills the courtyard and terrace. The famous Yuefu written by Jin Metabolic Mansion and Xie Zhuang means that Pei Di is studying here. The people present at this time were obviously attracted by the bright moonlight like water. The warm scene of drinking and reciting poems just now was completely replaced by a quiet and distant meaning and flowing moonlight.

At this time, the poet noticed that the deep courtyard where the master was located had already closed the door and there was silence outside. A breeze blew, rustling branches and leaves, causing infinite chill. Let people suddenly feel the coolness of autumn night.

"The magpie leaves in shock, and the firefly goes far into the smoke stream", these two sentences have changed from writing about the silence around and the coolness in early autumn to writing about moonlight, but they are not yet positive descriptions. Moonlight is invisible, and it is really difficult to describe it positively. Zhang's Moonlit Night on the Spring River says: "There is no dust on the river, and there is a solitary moon wheel in the sky", which can only be said to be a positive description of the moon rather than moonlight. In the performance of moonlight, he still had to use some side poems such as "first frost is floating in the air, but the white sand on the pavilion is invisible" and "Hongyan flies too long to shine, and the dragon dives". Qian Qi obviously learned from the experience of his predecessors. At the same time, he borrowed the poems of his predecessors. Cao Cao's "Short Songs" said: "There are few stars on the moon, and birds fly south. Turn around the tree three times, what branches can I rely on? " This is the origin of the sentence "lack of classics" The moonlight was bright, and the magpie mistakenly thought that the sky was bright, and suddenly flew up and shook off a piece of autumn leaves. It's interesting to get up from the magpie and float around. Compared with Cao's poems, this poem by Qian Qi is more concise and poetic.

"Fireflies Far into the Smoke Stream" also adopts the method of profile description. Shen Deqian said, "The fluorescence disappears on a moonlit night, but it still flows when it goes deep into the smoke. This is the most important thing. " It is wonderful to set off fluorescence with hazy mist and set off the moon with the loss of fluorescence. With these two sentences, the silver world thousands of miles away in a month is very vividly presented to us.

"How much sadness is there at the end of the day?" The poet gradually lost in thought while enjoying and appreciating the beautiful moonlight. "The bright moon is in the sky, and the horizon is * * * at this time". How many people will be upset in the face of such moonlight? The last two sentences end with questions, which are meaningful and worthy of readers' deep thinking and thinking.

The whole poem is fresh in artistic conception and wonderful in essence. In chanting poems, it is a masterpiece. Original text:

Leisurely in the lotus leaves, overlooking the tall tree.

Break all the fish and a little green light disappears.

Appreciate:

This poem by Qian Qi in the Tang Dynasty only describes the moment when bluebirds catch fish. Although there is no far-reaching sustenance, subtle descriptions and vivid objects are enough to please human nature.

The four poems are in the order of kingfisher fishing. The first sentence is written in a tall tree overlooking the gap in the lotus leaf on the water surface, paying attention to the occasional fish shadow on the scattered water surface; The second sentence said that after it found the target, it flashed down from the high tree and "glanced at it", describing the appearance of a flash and the rapidity of dive; The third sentence said it was breaking the surface, pecking the diving fish; After deciding that it must eat, it jumped out of the water and passed away.

There are only twenty crosses, a simple fishing process and a set of short shots. However, the kingfisher's sharp eyes and agile movements left a deep impression on people. How did the author show these two characteristics of kingfisher so prominently?

Let's start with the author's sharp eye for kingfishers. From beginning to end, there is not a positive word about how sharp its eyes are, but the pen and ink are used in setting the relationship between kingfisher and the environment. Through the careful setting of the fishing environment, the sharp eyes of the kingfisher are indirectly displayed. Look: The water overlooking the kingfisher is covered with many "lotus leaves". The fish in the water can only show a trace when they swim to the gap of the lotus leaf. How can they find the target in such low visibility without sharp eyes? This is a ... Secondly, the kingfisher is not near the water. The author emphasizes that it is on a "tall tree". Looking down at the water from such a high place, you can clearly see the fish swimming among the leaves. What good eyesight is needed! Thirdly, the target that Kingfisher found was not the floating fish on the water, but the "diving fish" hidden under the water. This blow pushed the kingfisher's vision to a new height. "Lotus leaf", "high tree" and "diving fish" seem to be purely objective descriptions of the environment, but in fact they hide the author's ingenuity. The author avoids the stereotype of putting pen to paper from the front, and adopts the method of pointing ink from the side and looking at the right side, which can be described as "a word is inconsistent, it is all romantic" (Si Kongtu's poem).

Look at the performance of the work on the swift action of kingfisher. The author used three techniques: first, silhouette, that is, from the perspective of the relationship between kingfisher and the environment, he thought that the diving fish in the gap of the lotus leaf was fleeting, and the kingfisher had to approach the speed of light from finding the target to flying down from the high tree, and breaking the surface reached out and caught it. A little delay will lead to failure. Secondly, using the positive description, it directly shows several continuous movements of kingfisher: "Down", "Break" and "Walk", and the continuous introduction of the three movements briefly and powerfully outlines the swift figure of kingfisher from top to bottom, from empty to water, from near to far, giving people a sharp and dizzy feeling; The space it shows is so vast, but the time it shows is so short. This space-time deficit highlights the flight speed of kingfishers. Third, write from the perspective of the viewer. The author wrote that the kingfisher swooped down from a tall tree and used the word "glance" to say that his eyes could not follow the bird shadow that flashed in an instant; After writing that the kingfisher flew away from the fish, the author said that only "a little green light" suddenly passed. In short, in the author's field of vision, the kingfisher's body is gone, and only points, lines and light are seen. In order to describe these subjective feelings, the flight form of kingfisher is described to the extreme.

In addition, this poem is also unique in color, the scenery does not mix colors, showing a single green. Kingfishers, lotus leaves, trees and water covered by lotus leaves are all green, and the whole picture is full of green, which is a green whole. Green, the symbol of life, contains vigorous vitality, and this hue constitutes a powerful foil for the vigorous spirit of kingfisher.

Qian Qi was a poet in the Dali period in the middle Tang Dynasty, one of the "Ten Talents in Dali" and was recognized as the first of the ten talents. There are only two Jinshi poems in the Tang Dynasty, one is Zuyong's Looking at the Snow Peak in Central South, and the other is Qian Qi's Poem of Xiangguling. The poem "No one can see it at the end of the Song Dynasty, and there are several peaks on the river" has profound poetic feelings and lasting charm, which can transcend historical time and space and last forever. His poems are good at writing scenery and sketching, and have a realistic tendency of pursuing accurate expression of quiet small environment in aesthetics. He is good at writing from the details, and can really grasp the essence. This song "Kingfisher" is evident.