Who can tell me where there is information about john muir, the father of American national parks?

John muir, who lived from the second half of the19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, is the most famous and influential advocate of natural ecological protection in the United States, and is known as the "father of national parks", "prophet of ecological protection" and "citizen of the universe". This man has superhuman courage, profound scientific knowledge, strong physique and persistent personality. He has been "pursuing the beauty of nature" all his life. Over the past 46 years, he has been alone for many times, walking into barren mountainous areas and virgin forests, and voluntarily exploring and protecting national ecological resources; In order to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection, he spared no effort to lobby everywhere; He also wrote a lot of beautiful literary works and spread them all over the world. Muir's actions and spirit moved Congress and the President. For the first time, national parks such as Yellowstone National Park, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Secoya, Rainer, Petrochemical Forest and Alaska Ice Sheet were established in the United States, which kept those places in their original ecology and set an example for ecological protection all over the world. People all over the world will always remember Moore, and his name is engraved in the places where he left his footprints: Moore Mountain Road, Moore Wilderness, Moore National Forest Monument, Moore College of University of California, San Diego, Moore Country Park in Dunbar, Scotland, and so on. In 2005, the design on the back of the quarter coin issued by the United States was composed of Moore, California Eagle and the landmark scenery of Yosemite National Park, which had a far-reaching impact.

1838, Muir was born in Dunbar, Scotland, a beautiful seaside town. My parents have been Scottish farmers for generations. They are industrious and honest, hoping for good weather, relying on diligence and thrift. Every summer fishing season, hundreds of fishing boats go out to sea in droves, which is quite spectacular. The town has also become lively. Fishermen, women and businessmen gathered at the pier of Victoria Fishing Port. Moore's father's agricultural products sold well.

Muir and seven brothers and sisters ranked third. He is naive and lively. He likes to jump and jump since he was a child, and he is full of energy. He likes to take part in the relay race with his friends. He ran frantically for hours without feeling tired, which exercised his endurance. It's just that they were too naughty and lacked toys when they were young. In order to seek excitement, they killed many birds at random and regretted it every time they thought about it.

Muir studied easily and got excellent grades. He still had a lot of extra-curricular time to play on the beach. Even without a partner, he can enjoy himself on the beach alone: after the tide recedes, he observes countless colorful and grotesque shells on the beach; Skip the seaweed wrapped in the salty sea water to save the eels stranded by the waves; Hunt down the crabs that are hiding in the rocks and caves. He was born bold. He dared to get into the ruins of Dunbar Castle on a frightening stormy night, climbed to the roof and watched the waves of lightning and thunder, which was extremely exciting.

Muir loves to listen to stories about pirates, sea storms and shipwrecks, and likes to run to the dock to watch the fishing fleet drift away from the shore.

The carefree childhood in Dunbar, my hometown, was a wonderful time that Muir will never forget, but it was short and never came back. His happy childhood came to an abrupt end at the age of 1 1: his parents decided to immigrate to the United States. At one time, it was common for Scottish farmers to immigrate to the United States. The new world is vast and sparsely populated, and the land is fertile and cheap, which attracts Scots who are good at farming. They cultivate land and run farms in America. The Muir family boarded a merchant ship, crossed the Atlantic, drifted at sea for five weeks, and finally landed in new york in the New World. The whole family continued westward and arrived at their destination: Marquette, Wisconsin, a week later.

When I first arrived in America, life was extremely difficult. My family has to work 16 hours every day. There are no machines to replace labor, and no animals to drive them away. Moore had to pull a plow with his brother to help his father open up wasteland. He has endless farm work: leveling the land, sowing crops, harvesting crops, building fences and so on. In order to solve the family's water source, Muir decided to dig a well He has no experience in digging wells and is not prepared to retreat. The bottom of the well has been exposed, but his leg is stuck in the mud. Well water instantly flooded his chest. If his father hadn't found help in time, he would never have climbed out.

But Moore is optimistic. Although he was tired, he had a good time. Besides, he made new friends and new neighbors. Wisconsin lies inland. Although far away from the ocean he is most familiar with, he has the opportunity to get close to the birds and animals in the mountains. After working in the field, he can't help but walk into the nearby oak forest and hickory forest, where the birds and animals attract him. Only in the embrace of nature can Muir's childlike innocence be compensated and satisfied. The Woods in summer are a paradise for birds. Birds of all colors fly up and down, catching insects for food. In particular, the North American songbirds with spots on their chests are rich in tones and feelings, and he is fascinated by them and lingers. Nature has great beauty, and heaven and earth have mystery. Muir, with his keen senses, appreciates the beauty of nature and is obsessed with biological diversity.

When Moore was a teenager, he ran around with his family. At an early age, he became the main labor force in the family, shouldering heavy housework and farm work, and dropped out of school. But Miao ercong is eager to learn and borrows all kinds of books from his neighbors. Father insisted that the whole family go to bed early and get up early, while Muir got up early at 1 o'clock in the morning, so that he could "have his own whole five hours". He studied hard and taught himself various courses in American middle schools. He invented and made a "wake-up machine" to wake people up at a preset time. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Muir was admitted to the University of Wisconsin, where he studied chemistry, botany, geography and geology with excellent results in all subjects. He is an excellent top student in the school. The rich knowledge gained in these courses has become a guide for his future exploration activities.

/kloc-when he was 0/8 years old, Muir was able to stand on his own feet, so he applied for a year's suspension and went out to travel alone, claiming to enter the "Wilderness University". In two years, he started from Indiana in the north and went all the way south to Florida in the south of the United States, with a journey of 1000 miles.

Moore is very original. In addition to the "pager" mentioned above, he also invented and manufactured a big clock with four dials, which has the functions of thermometer, hygrometer and barometer. He also designed and manufactured a reading stand with books on it, which is controlled by photoelectric control, so that you can turn to a certain page you want to read at any time. There are also locks, waterwheels and automatic horse feeders. At the age of 22, Muir brought all kinds of instruments he invented to the agricultural market in Madison, Wisconsin, causing a sensation. The local media reported how his invention caused a sensation in the market, calling him a "genius inventor". The reading desk invented by Muir in those years is now kept in the Wisconsin Museum of History and Society for people to visit.

During the American Civil War, Moore went to Canada to reunite with his brother who worked in a local farm tool factory. Seeing that my younger brother Miao ercong is smart and knowledgeable, the factory owner must hire him as a foreman. After working for a year, Moore returned to the United States and applied for the position of foreman and engineer in a vehicle factory in Indiana. He put forward many good ideas for the factory and improved the productivity.

1867, in a factory accident, Muir's eyes were injured, which led to blindness for a period of time. He went home to recuperate. In those days, his eyes were dark, but his mind was particularly clear. Eyes can't see, but the blue ocean, golden beach, colorful shells, fish in the ocean, seagulls soaring in the sky, and stormy waves under lightning and thunder come to mind again and again, all of which are "masterpieces of the creator". Although his mechanical invention is talked about by the villagers, it is so simple, rough, ugly and insignificant compared with "God's creation". Do people know how to cherish the nature generously given by God? Muir realized the greed of human beings, and some people exploited and used the wealth that God had given to all mankind without scruple, just for personal wealth. Muir was rethinking people, society and nature, and suddenly realized that his life track was about to take a huge turning point. In that painful dark period, his original nature of being close to nature was sublimated. After regaining sight, relatives, friends and neighbors celebrated each other. The inventor Muir finally regained sight. He can create all kinds of wonderful things for us. However, Moore surprised everyone. He firmly announced: "I decided to bid farewell to my mechanical invention, devote myself to understanding God's great creation, and devote the rest of my life to it."

Muir is about to spread his legs, walk into nature and explore "God's creation". He had planned to go to South America and enter the inaccessible tropical rain forest, but a malaria knocked him down in bed and couldn't move. After a little recovery, he changed his plan and decided to go to California first. The subtropical forests, paleontological species in virgin forests and wild western mountains and rivers there also fascinated him.

The first stop to California is San Francisco, the most beautiful city in America, but it was built by people, not "God's creation". How many tourists linger in San Francisco, indulging in colorful, fancy food and bustling city scenery. Moore is dismissive of San Francisco. He wants to go to the "wildest" place where humans have never set foot. He didn't stop for a moment and immediately headed southeast. After driving about 180 miles, there was no way to pass, so he had to abandon his car and walk into an area called "Yosemite" by indigenous Indians. "Yosemite" originally meant "grizzly bear" in Indian, but it was transliterated as "Yosemite" in Chinese, which shows the wonderful scenery there. Yosemite is inaccessible. In the natural ecology, showing the original features is exactly what Muir is looking for "the creation of God". By the way, there is a bear on the flag of California, and this species is depicted in Yosemite. It can be seen that this land, as well as its discovery and protector Muir, is very important for the development of California.

Moore was fascinated by the natural beauty here. He wrote, "There is no artificial palace like Yosemite. As long as there is bread, I can stay here forever. "

But in order to get bread, Moore had to promise to herd sheep. The shepherd chased sheep and water plants, so that he could enjoy Yosemite's colorful mountains and streams, observe flowers and trees, and get close to birds and animals. While walking, watching and writing, Muir's interesting diary not only accurately recorded his exploration footprint, but also described the natural wonders and ecological scenery here in detail for the first time and drew it into a scientific atlas. These diaries will be published one after another in the future, which is a precious scientific investigation report.

Yosemite is in California. California is separated from Nevada in the east by a mountain called "Ceara", and Yosemite is on the west side of the Ceara Mountains, with a total area of 760,000 acres, almost as big as Rhode Island in the eastern United States. Yosemite has a canyon, 1 mile wide and 7 miles long, with beautiful scenery and unique advantages. More than a thousand years ago, Indians lived and multiplied in this valley, and the remains of Indian tribes that have attacked each other for generations are still faintly visible. This canyon is just the tip of the iceberg of Yosemite, and most of it has never been deserted.

Yosemite's mountains and rivers are undulating, and Muir drives his sheep through the valley, and peaks, boulders, rivers and waterfalls constantly catch his eye. The clear river at the bottom of the valley, the thousand-year-old American fir trees, the dense forests on the shore, and the picturesque lakes and mountains make Muir dizzying.

The strange and magnificent scenery in the valley is so beautiful that Muir looks up at the peaks on both sides of Yosemite Canyon, most of which are huge granite stones. A rock in the valley pass stands upright, facing out of the valley, as if standing guard for the valley. No wonder Indians call it "sentinel rock". There is the largest granite stone in the world, which is magnificent. It rises from the bottom of the river and goes straight into the sky. It's called "Chief Mountain", which is very vivid. What attracts Muir more is a huge bare "dome mountain", which stands on the top of the mountain like an incomparably huge vault. In the distance, another "vault" was split in two by the divine power of nature, half disappeared, and the other half stood on the edge of the valley, named "Half Dome Mountain". Muir couldn't help admiring: "The magical greatness of the creator is unparalleled!"

He marveled at the ingenuity of nature, and his soul and sentiment were sublimated again. He wrote in the inspection report: "The treasure of California is not gold, but the natural ecology of Yosemite!"

For the first time, I won for seven days in a row, and I want to return to this world. Moore works in a sawmill in a nearby town. The boss thinks he is smart and capable and is willing to pay him a high salary to keep him. Muir refused to accept his resignation, but used all his part-time income to buy equipment and supplies for exploring the mountains in the future. Muir built a wooden house in Yosemite, and simply camped on the mountain for a long time. The wooden house has also become a relay supply station for him to further explore the deep mountains and forests.

Moore explored the mountains for the second time from summer to winter.

After two seasons of summer and autumn, the Yosemite in early winter began to be silent. One after another, the cold wind and blizzard completely covered the peaks everywhere, and the canyon was completely decorated. After enjoying the wonderful magnificence of natural ecology with passion, Moore calmed down and lost in thought. He pushed open the window of the hut and rushed into the hut with snowflakes wrapped in the cold valley. He looked at the towering mountains, listened to the sounds of birds and animals, thought about the geological causes of Yosemite and explored the cycle of the ecosystem here.

The geological history of the Ceara Mountains can be traced back to 500 million years ago. At that time, this used to be Wang Yang. Under the impact and extrusion of the Pacific plate and the American continental plate, the rocks deposited on the seabed surfaced, and the lava in the center of the earth also rose, forming hard igneous rocks. Yosemite's mountains were formed by repeated volcanic eruptions and further uplift of the earth's crust in ancient times. These conclusions have long existed in geology, and Muir has no objection after his field trip to Yosemite.

However, regarding the origin of Yosemite Valley, Muir could not agree with the previous theory. He guessed that the towering mountains were covered with thick snow, and the snow and ice melted under the strong sunlight, turned into rapids and rushed down the mountain, like a sword, and finally collided among the mountains to cut the canyon. Muir saw the waterfall "flying down three thousands of feet" hanging in the sky, as if water were in the sky. He did not avoid difficulties and dangers, climbed mountains and found the source of all waterfalls, which confirmed the guess. Sure enough, they all came from the snow and ice piled up at the top of Mount Ceara, which slowly melted under the sunlight. Moreover, the trajectory washed out by the rapids is consistent with the high and low trend of the canyon and the ups and downs of the mountains on both sides.

In other words, glaciers that have existed for hundreds of millions of years have shaped the geological landforms of Yosemite Valley and its surrounding environment.

Once his opinion was published, it immediately caused an uproar, because it overthrew the theory previously established by authoritative scholars and believed that "the devastating earthquake in ancient times was the cause of Yosemite Valley". Although those academic authorities also "visited" Yosemite, they just rode horses in the valley, collected specimens, took photos and published investigation notes. They don't have Muir's spirit and courage, and they can't go deep into the hinterland of Yosemite and conduct in-depth investigations for months. Although the authorities were ashamed of themselves, they laughed at the young Muir as "just an amateur geologist with poor knowledge".

Moore doesn't have time to talk nonsense and continue his own investigation. 187 1 year, Muir discovered an active alpine glacier under Mount Everest, which made more people accept his theory. 1872, a devastating earthquake occurred in California, USA. The epicenter was in Owens Valley near Yosemite. By the way, this place was unknown at first, but it was famous for detaining thousands of innocent Japanese-American citizens and turning it into a concentration camp during World War II. The earth shook and roared, and Muir woke up with a start, ran out of the hut excitedly and shouted, "Noble earthquake!" "

Taking advantage of the moonlight, he observed and recorded the trajectory of falling stones caused by the earthquake, which had nothing to do with the route of Yosemite Canyon, and such a huge earthquake did not change the landform of the valley at all. Muir is the only geologist who observed the impact of the earthquake on Yosemite landform at the moment of the earthquake. He finally got more evidence and completely denied the theory that "the earthquake caused Yosemite Valley".

In addition to geological research, Muir also conducted animal and plant research and investigated the biological species of Yosemite.

The valley has a special ecological environment: strips are like waterfalls hanging in the sky, colorful and changeable, or surging, or swaying with the wind, or hitting boulders and splashing violently. Waterfalls eventually flow into the valley, forming rivers and lakes, so the valley is full of water and lush vegetation, and wild animals have a paradise for survival. There are a large number of birds, elk and grizzly bears gathered here. They follow the law of natural selection and are not disturbed by any outside world. The biological chain is beautiful and harmonious. Muir spent a lot of time investigating the animal and plant species here, classifying them and summarizing their growth laws.

He made two field trips in 1873 and 1874 along the California side of the Sierra, focusing on the distribution and ecology of the giant redwood forest unique to the United States.

California redwood tree, commonly known as redwood. According to Moore's investigation, redwood trees are descendants of huge evergreen trees that once grew in the ancient dinosaur period. These redwood trees take 400 years to grow, so they are deeply rooted and leafy, and the towering redwood crown blocks the sky tightly. The trunk diameter of the redwood tree can reach16m, and the height of the tree can exceed100m. It is huge and can't be compared with any other tree species in the world. The collapsed hollow giant trees in the forest can be crossed by six people side by side, and you can also see the huge redwood trees.

Moore found some big trees that have lived for more than 2000 years in the forest, and the oldest one is 4900 years old. It is a miracle that they can survive the forest fire caused by lightning today. Thanks to the thick bark, they have a layer of "armor" against natural disasters. Muir also found that the redwoods destroyed by earthquakes, landslides, strong winds and heavy rains lay in the forest, died for many years, slowly rotted, turned into soil, returned to the earth, and overlapped with fallen leaves for centuries, forming a thick carpet in the forest. Muir believes that it is precisely because there is no human intervention that the natural ecology has not been destroyed. These tall redwoods, which are more than a thousand years old, can show people the slow evolution of nature today.

Native Indians used fallen trees to make canoes or build simple houses. They didn't destroy the original forest ecology. However, since the gold rush in the western United States, the redwood trees that have enveloped the whole of North America since ancient times have disappeared in the endless logging for nearly 200 years and are on the verge of extinction. Chinese fir is of great commercial value because of its fine texture, high hardness, bright, rich in oil and rosin, natural anti-corrosion. Sequoia also caused bad luck, favored by mercenary businessmen, and was on the verge of extinction.

From 65438 to 0876, Muir published a paper on the ecological distribution of giant sequoia to the authoritative American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), which caused another sensation. This time, however, it was not ridiculed by the "authority", but attracted the attention of the politicians to the endangered redwood forest. In the same year, the bill of the federal government approving the national forest protection plan came into effect. Since then, Sequoia has been designated as the "national treasure" of the United States, carefully preserved and prohibited from logging. A redwood reserve in California, USA, was named "Muerson Forest" and has now become a famous natural scenic spot in the United States.

Father of national parks

1880, 42-year-old Muir got married and started a family. He married Si Chunzu's lovely girl Louise. Moore's father-in-law lives in Martinez, a small town in northeastern California. Moore became his son-in-law. During the period of marriage 10, he took over the management of his father-in-law's ranch and orchard. Agriculture is his "trade", and his management is very successful, accumulating a fortune and becoming the capital for his continued ecological investigation and protection. Besides, he and Louise have two daughters. When her daughter grew up, she and her mother fully supported Moore's nature and ecological protection.

In order to protect the environment and ecology, protect Yosemite and its surrounding environment and biological species from the destruction of human overexploitation, Muir spared no effort to run around for help. With his beautiful language and passionate pen and ink about nature, he wrote a lot of words with different styles to publicize and protect the ecological environment, inspire the people and advocate building Yosemite into a national park. Muir's persistent spirit finally moved the rulers. In 1890, Congress legislated that Yosemite was owned by the federal government, and a national park was built in situ to become a permanent natural ecological protection area. Moore became the founder of American national parks.

1892, Moore began to set up "Saila Mountain Friendship Association". Since then, like-minded people in ecological protection have United to resist the indiscriminate logging of developers eager to fill their stomachs, and devoted themselves to the protection and cultivation of nature, making unremitting efforts all their lives.

From 65438 to 0984, Yosemite became one of the "World Cultural Heritage". Today, it attracts 3 million tourists from all over the world every year to feel the achievements of ecological protection.

1903, Theodore? President Roosevelt wrote to Muir and invited him to go camping in Yosemite: "I won't invite anyone but you;" I am willing to get rid of all administrative affairs, get along with you day and night, and listen to your teachings during these four days. "

Muir was 65 years old that year. He took the president hiking during the day and camping at night. The president is no longer a young man. He didn't bring any entourage on this trip. For security reasons, Muir did not lead Roosevelt back to the hard areas he walked in when he was young, nor did he go deep into the dangerous areas where boulders often fell or wild animals haunted. However, President Roosevelt personally experienced the stormy course of this wild explorer who had been fighting alone for 40 years and went deep into no man's land many times. The president not only felt Muir's wisdom and erudition, but also admired his superhuman courage and scientific spirit of on-the-spot investigation. He deeply thanked Muir. Although he didn't get any money from the government or any consortium, he made unremitting efforts to protect the natural ecological environment of the country voluntarily.

Moore conquered President Roosevelt and the whole country. In the confrontation between resource utilization and environmental and ecological protection, the authorities need to seek a balance. In order to meet the immediate interests, mankind has been in an era of exhausting resources and over-exploiting resources. It seems that the authorities should restrain and control its so-called development and prosperity, and the balance in their hearts should be tilted towards ecological conservation. After that trip, Roosevelt said meaningfully, "When we build our own country, we should not only focus on the short term, but also plan for the long term."

Birds of a feather flock together Moore and Roosevelt don't belong to the same group anyway. But both of them are great patriots. For the long-term interests of the country and future generations of the United States, they jointly promoted and established the national park system. Anyone can enjoy the natural wonders in national parks, but they are not allowed to engage in commercial activities or develop and operate.

19 16, the U.S congress legislated "to protect the country's natural, cultural and historical heritage", solemnly declaring that all natural ecological reserves and historical and cultural sites in the United States belong to all Americans and are under the jurisdiction of the federal government. No individual, organization or local government has the right to occupy in any name, and any form of development and utilization is strictly prohibited.

In the same year, President Wilson signed a bill, issued an executive order and established the National Park Service. In that year, he planned to establish 35 national parks and historical sites with a total area of 2.5 million hectares. With the increase of federal funds, national parks and historical sites are gradually expanding. Today, the United States has 390 national parks, historical sites and various ecological protection areas, covering all States of the United States, with a total area of 34 million hectares, many of which have been listed as world natural heritage and historical heritage by UNESCO.

The national park system promoted by Moore has become an important part of American culture and a contribution to world culture. 100 years, more than 100 countries in the world have successively accepted the concept of national parks and monuments protection, and established more than 1200 national parks and monuments in the same way. The common idea of all countries is: "Let every citizen, whether emotionally or intellectually, become the real master of national parks and historical sites."

The unremitting efforts of eco-protectionists from all over the world are realizing Muir's dream expressed in 190 1: "Protect our virgin forests and parks, make them beautiful and spectacular forever, keep them from being trampled by the secular for the benefit, attract people to come here to absorb and accept the gift of God, and let the beautiful and harmonious ecology of nature blend into people's hearts."

Moore was honored as the "father of national parks" by Americans, and he deserved it.

He condemned the short-sightedness of those who only care about immediate interests, tap resources infinitely, and even destroy the natural ecology. It is "absolute contempt for nature, never looking up at mountains and rivers, only staring at high-rise buildings in the city."

Besides, Muir's diary is short, interesting and intriguing. There is a diary that tells the story that a sheep was lost and found again the next day:

"When I found the sheep, I found them huddled together silently because of fear. They have been trapped here all night and all morning, but they would rather starve to death than go out for food. Although he escaped supervision, he was inexplicably afraid of sudden freedom and was at a loss. He seems more willing to return to the familiar cage life in the past. "

A discerning person should understand at a glance that Muir is not talking about his flock, but analyzing the limitations of human beings: we pursue freedom, but when freedom really comes, we are unprepared and even give up freedom because of fear.

In addition to touching descriptions of natural scenery, his works are full of philosophy and thought-provoking. In addition, he also completed many travel notes describing American natural scenery, such as A Journey to Alaska, A Journey to Cowen, Mountains and Rivers, etc. Moore's purpose in writing is simple. He wants to use his descriptions of glaciers, passes, lakes, grasslands, forests, vegetation and flowers and birds to call people back to nature, to attract people to appreciate and be infatuated with nature, and to expect people to love nature as much as he does, and to know that only by establishing national parks and putting these primitive ecological beauty under the supervision of the federal government can they be "God's creation" that originally belongs to all mankind and future generations.

I have been in the United States for more than 20 years and have lived in California all the year round. I have been to Yosemite National Park many times, but only as a tourist. Although I have repeated the "Muir Mountain Trail", climbed the top of the waterfall to find the source, and spent the night in a tent in a campsite, there was basically no pain and danger, and I could not fully understand the hardships of the Muir Mountain expedition.

"The only lucky escape occurred in the early morning, and my wife and I rode in tandem on the mountain path. Suddenly, my wife, who was pedaling in front, suddenly braked and made a gesture of retreating to me. Her face was full of fear. At this time, I also saw a big grizzly bear squatting on the side of the road, looking up at us. My car stopped suddenly, about ten meters in front of that monster. The grizzly bear's mane is clearly visible. At the moment when his eyes met me, I was jumpy and my breathing almost stopped. I can control myself. After my wife retreated, I immediately followed, flew into the car and ran away.

Surprised and scared, I immediately reported this "danger" to the park manager. Who knows people are used to it? Tell me that the grizzly bear just walked out of the Woods by accident and didn't mean to hurt anyone. As long as you keep a considerable distance from it, don't make sudden moves, don't "please" throw food, don't look at it for a long time, and leave quickly, you will definitely live in peace. Yosemite is home to more than 500 grizzly bears. Most of them feed at night, where they can find enough wild fruits, fish and honey. At night, grizzly bears may also go to tourists' camps for food. The food you bring must be hidden in the iron box in the camp, and never put in the tent, otherwise it will be doomed. "

With this experience, I admire Muir more. During his 46-year field trip, he went in and out of no man's land, lived in the mountains, and lived next to birds, animals, fish and insects. His courage and perseverance surpass ordinary people.

The cause of natural ecological protection initiated by Muir is far from successful. The United States is one of the most advanced countries in terms of people's awareness of environmental protection and the importance attached by the ruling authorities to ecological conservation. However, even in the United States, it is enough to understand the twists and turns of ecological protection, not to mention those disguised environmentalists and hypocritical representatives of public opinion. They often regard environmental protection as a tool for political struggle and partisan opposition, and only look at the commercial activities of cutting down redwood timber that have not stopped that day (outside the national park, of course).

As for the worldwide ecological protection, it is even less optimistic. The tragedy of savagely killing this rare animal belonging to all mankind is staged scene after scene in order to satisfy some people's desires. Seeing dignitaries, wealthy businessmen, or embezzling or buying and selling land gardens and historical and cultural heritage that should belong to all the people, I thought of Muir's selflessness and donated all his heritage to the cause of natural ecological protection before he died. Seeing the cross-flow of material desires, people kill birds and animals at will, eat all day long, think of Muir's hunger, and volunteer to survey natural ecological resources for mankind: the contrast between human goodness and evil, beauty and ugliness is so sharp, and the contrast is so strong, how can Muir not be awed! It is true that Muir's environmental consciousness has strong religious feelings, and he loves to fear the nature created by God. But I think that anyone with conscience and sense of responsibility, regardless of religious belief or not, should, like Muir, know how to cherish the natural resources of all mankind and take into account the long-term interests of mankind.

Muir is a prophet of natural ecological protection, and he belongs to all mankind.