The best way to take the postgraduate entrance examination is to comment on Wang Mian's Mo Mei.

This is a poem. Momei is a brightly colored plum blossom. Poets praise Mo Mei and Dont Ask For Help, just to leave a fragrance of virtue to the world. In fact, he used Mei as a metaphor to express his life attitude and noble sentiment.

This is a poem about plum blossoms drawn by the author himself. One or two sentences in the poem describe the shape of plum blossom in a simple way, and the word "light" tells the technique of painting plum blossom, and also describes the simple and elegant style of plum blossom, which is refreshing. Look at the last sentence, the word "person" not only vividly describes Xiang Mei's fullness and agitation, but also highlights the poet's personality charm, shining! The poem Mo Mei not only embodies the style of plum blossom he painted, but also embodies the author's noble taste and indifferent mind to fame and fortune, which clearly shows his faithfulness and purity of not flattering the world.

In this poem, a "light" and a "full" have their own personalities. On the one hand, the richness of Mo Mei and the image of the poet's pride are vividly on the paper; On the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and plum blossoms seems to come to their faces! Let "poetic style", "painting style" and personality be skillfully integrated!

The first two sentences, "The first tree in my family, Xiyan Lake, is blooming with faint ink marks", which directly describes Mo Mei. In the painting, the plum trees by the pond are in full bloom, and the plum blossoms are stained with a faint ink color. "West Wild Goose Lake" is the allusion of Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool, and the water in the pool is all black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, so he says "my home".

Three or four sentences praise Mo Mei's moral integrity. It is painted in light ink, although its appearance is not exquisite, it has a beautiful, noble and dignified, secluded and detached inner temperament; It doesn't want to attract people, please people and get people's praise with bright colors. It just wants to send out a fragrance and let it stay between heaven and earth. These two sentences are the poet's self-portrayal. Wang Mian grew up in a poor family, herding cattle during the day and studying hard under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night. Finally, he learned a lot. He is good at poetry and painting, and he is versatile. However, he tried every time and didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he decided to gain fame and fortune, live in seclusion in Jiulishan, East Zhejiang, and draw rice for a living. The phrase "don't boast of lewdness, just leave one breath to dry Kun" shows the poet's vulgar, independent and unrequited character.

This poem, titled Mo Mei, is intended to express one's ambition. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms is actually appreciating the virtue of a person standing.

In this poem, a "light" and a "full" have their own personalities. On the one hand, the richness of Mo Mei and the image of the poet's pride are vividly on the paper; On the other hand, it makes people feel that the fragrance of calligraphy and plum blossoms seems to come to their faces. Thus, the "poetic style", "painting style" and personality are skillfully integrated.

The first two sentences of this poem describe the quiet growth environment of plum blossoms on the screen, highlighting the elegance of plum blossoms; The last two sentences use anthropomorphic methods to write the unwilling spirit of plum blossom. Wang Mian (A.D. 1287- 1359) was a famous painter and poet in Yuan Dynasty. People stamp, boiled stone mountain farmers, rice cattle Weng, Huiji Waishi, plum blossom house owner, etc. He was born in a poor peasant family in Zhuji, Zhejiang, and he was eager to learn since he was a child.

Ming History records that Wang Mian herded cattle during the day and went to study under the ever-burning lamp of a nearby Buddhist temple at night. One day, Wang Mian put the cows in the wild to eat grass and went to a private school to listen to the teacher. It was dark, and he thought of cows. As a result, the cow disappeared and was beaten by my father when I went home. His studious spirit touched a scholar named Han Xing in Huiji. He took Wang Mian as an apprentice and taught him to read and draw. When Wang Mian was young, he was also keen on fame, but he failed to take the imperial examination, so he burned the article, lost his official career forever, and wandered the rivers and lakes. He traveled to Hangzhou and Jinling, then crossed the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and arrived in Dadu via Xuzhou and Jinan. His long journey has greatly broadened his horizons and broadened his understanding of social reality and the ruling class.

Because of Wang Mian's unique style of poetry and painting, his popularity has soared. Most of the time, the literati struggled out of the museum and asked him for poems and paintings, which was a temporary accumulation, and he often helped to write. According to the record, he didn't want to serve the dignitaries. He once painted a plum blossom hanging on the wall and wrote a poem: "The ice flower is as round as jade, and the Qiang flute cannot be blown down." He often laughed at the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and almost went to prison. Later, he was forced to live in seclusion in his hometown of Jiulishan, planting millet and hoeing beans during the day, irrigating the garden and raising fish, reading and painting at night, and living a self-reliant and poor life. He planted thousands of plum trees, hundreds of peach trees and apricot trees around the room and named himself "Plum Blossom House". The painting of Mo Mei began with Master Hua Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that he saw the plum blossom in the moonlight on enough paper, and got inspiration from the shadow of the plum blossom, and created a method of drawing plum blossom by shading ink. Following the master, Yang, another master of plum painting in the Southern Song Dynasty, created two methods of plum painting: one is to draw a circle on the petals of plum with an ink pen, the so-called wreath method; The other is to paint silk with ink to set off the white flowers of plum blossoms. Wang Mian inherited the traditional method of painting plum, and made some innovations. In the circle flower method, Yang made up one stroke and three defeats, and Wang Mian changed it to one stroke and two defeats, which is called "the circle hook is slightly different from Yang's method". The plum blossoms he painted are like iron coils. Although they are colorless, they can vividly show the smile of thousands of flowers. In addition, painting boneless plum blossoms with rouge is Wang Mian's original creation, which has a great influence on later generations. In the method of drawing branches, Wang Mian pays attention to the expression of texture, and his pen is fluent and appropriate, natural and unrestrained. When he draws a new branch, he pulls it a few feet long, and the branch is broken and then connected, stopping without stagnation, in one go, and the nib is exposed, which seems to be aura and full of vitality; When painting old cadres, frustrated with a pen can show the vitality of old cadres to the fullest. In Qing Dynasty, King Hezhen once wrote a poem praising: "Shan Nong's pen is as firm as iron and graceful. Clear standard letter has Mukotsu, and then it is typical. " Literati painting pays attention to expressing personal feelings, pursuing pen and ink interest, advocating ink freehand brushwork and improving techniques. Wang Mian painted plum blossoms, only "wild plum", not "official plum". Shan Ye plum branches are tall and straight, not as twisted and kitsch as the official plum sutra. This is naturally inseparable from Wang Mian's own life and experience. "Plum blossom painting must have plum blossom spirit, and people are as clear as plum blossoms". Wang Mian's Plum Blossom is the embodiment of his personal spiritual world. Wang Mian's memes have been handed down from generation to generation. The "Mumeitu" selected in the textbook is a lush and dense plum blossom; Branch and core layout, priority, moderate density and distinct layers; Flowers are decorated with light ink, petals and stamens are marked with thick ink, which is especially fresh and beautiful. Inscription on the painting: "The first tree in Xiyan Lake, my home, is full of flowers and faint ink marks; Don't boast of lewdness, just be clear and dry. " The combination of poetry and painting shows the painter's noble sentiment of being indifferent to fame and fortune and unwilling to go along with the rulers. Mumeitu is Wang Mian's masterpiece of painting plum blossoms. This picture shows a bunch of tender plums hanging upside down, with lush foliage and flowers, like thousands of jade beads, crystal clear and full of fresh air. The branches are densely intertwined and almost airtight, but with a pen, the branches are strong and powerful, and the fresh breath of plum trees comes out. The distribution of flowers is full of rhythm, with sparse long branches, dense short branches, dense and orderly, and regular chaos. Hook flap method turns the previous three setbacks into two setbacks, which is concise and smooth. Flowers must be beautiful, random clusters and free and easy brushwork. The white flowers set off against the clanking branches of iron bones, and the fresh air attacks people, which is better than plum blossom rhyme. This artistic technique of expressing purity and detachment in the form of numerous plums is more difficult than thinning plums. This painting is a masterpiece of Wang Mian's plum painting art in his later years, which is deeply cherished by later literati. [Note] Mo Mei: Black plum blossoms painted in ink have no color. Inkstone head: beside the inkstone washing pool. The inkstone is the stationery for grinding ink, and it should be cleaned after each use. West Wild Goose Lake: According to legend, Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Jin Dynasty, studied books in Linchi, washing pens and inkstones frequently, and the water in the pool turned dark. There is the remains of West Wild Goose Lake at the foot of Huiji Mountain in Zhejiang, and Linchuan in Jiangxi. Legends are all washed by Wang Xizhi. The author is a famous painter. He writes plum in light ink and elegant style. Because of the same surname as Wang Xizhi, it is called "my home", which is a superb metaphor. Light ink mark: light black. Plum blossoms were watered with Xiyan Lake water, and faint ink marks appeared on the flowers. Qingqi: refers to fragrance, but also refers to lofty integrity. Qián kūn: heaven and earth. Poetry refers to the world. Plum trees and blossoming flowers growing in Xiyan Lake near my home are stained with faint ink. I don't need others to praise its beautiful color, I just want it to be filled with fragrant air. [Appreciation] This is a poem. Mo Mei is the plum blossom of ink painting. Poets praise Mo Mei and Dont Ask For Help, just to leave a fragrance of virtue to the world. In fact, he used Mei as a metaphor to express his life attitude and noble sentiment. The first two sentences, "The first tree in Xiyan Lake, my home, is full of pale ink marks", which directly describes Mo Mei. In the painting, the plum trees by the pond are in full bloom, and the plum blossoms are stained with a faint ink color. "West Wild Goose Lake" is the allusion of Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool, and the water in the pool is all black". The poet has the same surname as Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher in Jin Dynasty, so he says "my home". Three or four sentences praise Mo Mei's moral integrity. It is painted in light ink, and although its appearance is not exquisite, it has a beautiful, noble and dignified, secluded and detached inner temperament; It doesn't want to attract people, please people and get people's praise with bright colors. It just wants to send out a fragrance and let it stay between heaven and earth. These two sentences are the poet's self-portrayal. Wang Mian grew up in a poor family, herding cattle during the day and studying hard under the ever-burning lamps of Buddhist temples at night. Finally, he learned a lot. He is good at poetry and painting, and he is versatile. However, he tried every time and didn't want to curry favor with the powerful, so he decided to gain fame and fortune, live in seclusion in Jiulishan, East Zhejiang, and draw rice for a living. The phrase "don't be praised by lewdness, just stay dry for nothing" shows the poet's character of disdain, independence and self-appreciation. This poem, titled Mo Mei, is intended to express one's ambition. The poet organically integrates painting style, poetic style and personality. Literally praising plum blossoms is actually appreciating the virtue of a person standing. Wang Mian's Mohist Beauty (I) Mohist School and its Style. The creation of Mo Mei is closely related to literature. First, poets such as Lin Hejing and Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty enthusiastically praised the rich spiritual outlook of plum blossom, which made people cherish it infinitely. After the painting "Wordless Poetry", plum blossom became a very popular theme in painting circles. At that time, the most creative and contribution to painting plum should be Zhong Ren and commentary, supplemented by Yang. One day, Zhong Ren, also known as monk Huaguang, was inspired by the plum blossom on the window paper in the moonlight, and created the so-called ink plum, which was smudged with thick ink. Huang Tingjian, a great poet, saw it and praised it: "If it is tender, cold and clear, you can walk the solitary fence, but there is no fragrant ear." At that time, Huaguang's ink plum became a new variety in painting. Zhao Meng? Mo Mei's inscription also said: "In Mo Mei's world, Huaguang is the first. Yang Bu accepted the mantle of Huaguang, developed it on this basis, and dedicated his ink plum to Evonne, Song Huizong. Evonne said that he wrote "Village Plum", so he called himself "Village Plum in Fengchi". He created two ways to draw plums: one is to paint the silk with ink to set off the small white flowers of plums, and the other is to circle the white and fragrant characteristics of plums with ink pens. Jin Dongxin (a farmer) said, "Yang Bu is the son of a monk named Huaguang who entered the room. He is as thin as a heron standing in the cold and doesn't want to be close friends. " (Inscription of plum blossom in winter heart) Later, Yang's two nephews, Tang and Tang Shuyong, were also good at this. "Inscription on Painting Plums in Winter Heart": "Yang's nephews Tang and Song, their brothers and uncles all use ink plum, each with its own new ideas, and it is called Dizzy Flower. At times, Mao Jinshi and Confucian Academy were also good at fame. The painted plum that I once saw in the Lins' home of Liang in my hometown is worth escaping from Zen. And uncle's use and your twigs and calyx have never been seen. "It is said that Zhenwu and Wang Mian of the Yuan Dynasty are experts in painting plum blossoms. Fan Chengda said: "Recently, Mo Mei painted, especially in Jiangxi, and there are many imitators. Beggars and Wang Yuanzhang both used their methods. " (Fan Cunmei's Genealogy) From this perspective, Wang Mian is the clique of this school. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zen Master Pu 'an wrote "Plum Blossom Song": "I will remember Wang Mian's high cheeks and cheekbones, and I love Mei as the plum blossom fairy. Hao Lai wrote all over the Luofu Snow Tree, took off his towel and shouted loudly. Sometimes I buy Dongshan village for free, and sometimes I fish a pot of West Lake alone. Proofread plum blossom spectrum at dusk and recite plum blossom articles in the morning. When the fence by the water fell down, I saw the rhythm of loneliness, and I suddenly realized Huaguang Zen. I once knew that I was lying in Cao Yunting in autumn under the ancient city of Penglai. Short clothes welcome guests and are lazy to comb their hair. They only charge high prices for plum blossoms. ..... "(Lang Ying's Seven Speeches) Judging from plum blossom songs, Wang Mian accepted the traditions of Yang and Tang, and tirelessly studied plum blossom music and plum blossom articles. On this basis, he developed his artistic talent. Wang Mian's Mo Mei is inseparable from his thoughts and feelings. As Zhu said in Qing Dynasty: "Plum painting needs to be superior, while non-human plum painting is vulgar. They can learn how to cook stone farmers and paint cold jade with wonderful pen. " (Inscription of Painting Plum) This kind of consciousness is very prominent in Wang Mian's paintings. Some of them reflect the sufferings of the people, some show the aloof and upright character, some show the spirit of not cooperating with the ruling class, some show patriotic enthusiasm, and some show their extraordinary ambitions and optimistic feelings. He wants to pour his feelings into the garden of painting creation. Wang Mian likes painting plum blossoms. According to Wu in Yixing, Qing Dynasty, in his book Plum Blossoms in Zheng Xiaoying, "Wang Yuanzhang likes to write wild plums instead of official ones." (Zhu Bo Xuan Mei Shu) What is wild plum? Plums growing in Shan Ye are called wild plums, sometimes called village plums. What is Guan Mei? Anyone who is artificially created, loses innocence, and makes many songs is called Guan Mei, also called Gong Mei. Some people often compare wild plum to "spacious and far-reaching" and official plum to "resplendent and magnificent", so as to compare different personalities in different environments. Sun Changzhen of the Ming Dynasty often imitated Wang Mian's painting, so he wrote a poem saying: "Plum blossoms are straight and not bent, which is a truth that many people in the world have never pushed. Poets are unique in Mei Qing. They don't draw official plum blossoms or wild plum blossoms. " ("Drawing Plums") Look at Wang Mian's Mo Mei again (Figure 1). A plum blossom, sideways in the middle of the picture frame, with several feet of branches, shows great strength. The branches are exposed to the nib, highlighting their lofty and unconventional. More than a dozen plum blossoms are full of vitality, which makes people feel beautiful and fresh. This is the most typical branch he caught, expressing the effect of concentration and cohesion, rendering the scenery of the flower branch from his inner feelings and reflecting his heart with the scenery of the flower branch. The poem reads: "The first tree in Xiyan Lake, my home, is full of flowers and light ink marks. Don't boast of lewdness, just be clear and dry. " (According to Zhu Zhai's poems, the word "Liu" means "Liu") His "Mo Mei" style can be summarized by the word "charm". Try to analyze from the aspects of composition, branches and flowers. The composition of painted plum is mainly branches. Wang Mian's success in painting plum blossoms is inseparable from his composition. Composition can be divided into three types: sparse, dense and neither sparse nor dense. Sparse as a thin shadow, sparse and elegant is better. Things that are neither dense nor sparse, such as throwing straight and taking care of all beings, should be seen in the dense, and there is still convergence and divergence in the sparse, which is called straight. As dense as flowers. The third method was initiated by Wang Mian. Zhu said: "Song people painted plums with thin branches and shallow chests. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was easy for farmers to cook rocky mountain flowers in thousands of clusters, which made them feel elegant and elegant, and the pearls were looming, so the flowers were absolutely gone. In the Ming Dynasty, I always followed his instructions, and so did my friends and Jin. " (Inscription of Plum Painting) Wang Mian's composition is based on density, and at the same time, it should be dense but not chaotic, complex and rhythmic. In the composition of branches, it can be sparse and dense, so that the strengths are sparse, the weaknesses are dense, the evacuation is sparse, and the crisscross is dense. Sparse can be a horse. He can grasp the virtual and the real, with distinct levels and everything. On the basis of the theory of "more without complexity, less without loss" and "more flowers crossing branches, splitting branches and thinning calyx" put forward by monk Hua Guang, he played a greater role. In terms of the texture of the branches, Tang applied the theory of "sharp, like bucket handle, like iron whip, like a crane knee, like a dragon horn, like antlers, like a bow tip, like a fishing rod" to concrete practice, so he stood like a dragon and was as firm as iron; Hair tip is like an arrow, short as a halberd. Plums are not easy to dry like dragons. When you draw, you must bend strongly and twist more with your pen, otherwise you will draw in vain. It is not easy to reach strength. When drawing, the pen must be straight, so that it can turn well. Plum painting is expensive and straight, and there is still charm in the straight, which is by no means like a ruler. The tip of his branch reaches several feet long, and the tip of the branch shows the pen tip, which highlights Mei's lofty and refined style. Therefore, people feel graceful and beautiful. When he painted flowers, he didn't just draw the shape of flowers, but he could look beyond the shape and present a delicate, elegant, brilliant or sparse posture. In the flowering form, Tang's theory of "flowers, pepper seeds, crab eyes, smiles, blooming thanks and falling English" is also applied. The old branches are painted with exotic flowers and grasses, and the young branches are densely covered with flowers. In short, on the basis of careful observation, he mastered the skills of washing and practicing pen and ink and devoted himself to studying his new style. Ming Lu Zongxian said: "Who painted plums tall in ancient and modern times, Wang Lao came first." (Xuehu Plum Spectrum) In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Lanzhou said: "Yang Bu, Wang Yuanzhang became an immortal, washed lead and made a new face. Huaguang' s old man' s paintings are vivid, and his ability to draw plums is over. " (Zhu Boxuan Mei Album) His predecessors spoke highly of him. (2) The ice flowers are as round as jade, and the Qiang flute cannot be blown down. Through the efforts of Yang, Tang and others, Mo Mei has made remarkable achievements since she created a monk. But we can inherit it, but we can't do without Wang Mian's efforts. He made various attempts in ink painting. The practice of pen and ink has made Mo Mei take a big step forward on the original basis. The following are the comments of several celebrities on him. Yao Yun, a master of plum painting in the Ming Dynasty, said in a poem: "Plum painting is done with ink instead of color, and Huaguang has always had pen power. Many authors are different and look like thorns. Make up for the old uncle and teacher, each has its own advantages. Ke Jiu Si used to be a doctor. He likes to dye plum branches with powder. Wang Yuanzhang preached ink painting, and snow, moon, wind and smoke were all strange. " Liu Jiyou said in a poem: "I will remember old Wang Zhuo, and I will be stupid. He can draw plum blossoms, which is really something. The spring window is strangely written, and there is a graceful gesture in it. Being idle in life is good, but being idle is old. If you don't comb your robe and hair, you will only be annoyed by plum blossoms all your life. Born in Shi Mei, you can know soup, but Mel can't stand flowers. There are always beautiful flowers in the world. It is better to draw pictures than to die. " From the poems of Yao Ming and Liu Ji, we can know Wang Mian's talent in ink painting and the fantastic forms of snow, moon, wind and smoke. In the Ming Dynasty, Shen even directly called Wang Mian "the king of ink": "The forest is in front of you, and there are many kings of ink in the world." It can be seen that the Ming Dynasty highly praised Wang Mian's achievements in Mexico and the United States. It's a pity that his legacy is very small. Although we can't appreciate his wonderful works, from the poems of later generations, we can know that he painted a notice, such as "South Lake Collection", Volume 4: "Wang Lang has a strange chest and draws snow branches on a lonely mountain. There is no custom in Jiangnan, and I write new poems for the Koran. " He painted a plum blossom, such as Gao Shiqi's poem Wang Yuanzhang's quatrain: "Regardless of the village bridge, scribble one or two." When I woke up, I only suspected that the shadows were falling, and the moon was misty with cold nights. "It's no wonder that Liu Ji said that his plum blossom is wonderful, and he put pen to paper to distinguish the sunrise, and after the flowers are like pearls and jade dew, the branches dance like dragons and snakes in Shui Ying. The effect of ink painting has reached the level of breathing coolness and relieving summer cold. Wang Mian's pen and ink skill is also worth noting. His writing style is vigorous, with both form and spirit, which he got from hard work and hard training. Only when you are straight can you write firmly, and there is no problem of anticlimactic. The center and wing are well used, and the branches are connected. Only when the strength is frustrated can they break and reconnect, and the joint is stopped in time. Handfuls are too light, and they can be done in one breath. This is his way of refining qi to the bone. Shan Nong's pen is as strong as iron, and there is a beautiful figure in it. Clear standard letter has Mukotsu, and then it is typical. " (titled "Wang Yuanzhang's Mo Mei") He also played a role in the circle flower method. Yang made up for it by "the pen is divided into three branches and saved as petals". That is, the petals should be painted with iron coils. Wang Mian changed this painting slightly and changed it into two strokes of frustration, which is what Qianlong said: "Hook and loop is slightly different from family style". This is also created by him from practice, and some people call it "bald painting". This creation has a great influence on later generations, such as the Ming Dynasty's popularity, the Qing Dynasty's Liu, Luo Liangfeng and so on. Later, Jin Dongxin, Tong Ershu and others came out, and they simply changed to circle flowers. Although Yuan and Ming dynasties used three strokes and two strokes to form petals, their lateral petals and small bracts were still one stroke. Wang Mian's circle-flower paintings are rigorous and realistic. Wei Chengxian in the Ming Dynasty said in a poem: "Shan Nong painted like a book, and the petals were surrounded by wire. It's really in a hurry, and the ink is thick and thin. " (Inscription and Postscript of "A Collection of White Eyebrows and Ink Eyebrows") In addition, Wang Mian played a "nuclear-breaking method". What is the way to break the nucleus? Plum blossoms used to have flower whiskers and dots on them. The flowers he painted don't have English. They look messy, unlike whiskers and English. This is called "breaking the nuclear law". Yang Bu also has this painting method, which is the painting method of wild plum, which is different from that of official plum. Some people say that "the petals are messed up, the wild plum blossom and the official Shu Mei" means this. In a word, the difficulty of painting plum lies not in the branches, but in the flowers. The most successful place in Wang Mian is flowers. His "panorama" is full of flowers, smiles and the fragrance of Feng Ling, showing optimism. Even later Luo Liangfeng and Tong Ershu were out of reach. In the Qing Dynasty, Fang Zu said: "The beauty of high fitness is detached and not among branches. The real way to break the inner circle is to find two peaks and two trees. No wonder he proudly said, "The ice flower is like jade, and the Qiang flute cannot be blown down. "(3) The influence of Wang Mian's Mo Mei; Wang Mian's Mo Mei had a profound influence on the Ming Dynasty. Especially after the development and enrichment of Xu Wei, Chen Chun and others, the situation of freehand brushwork and boneless flowers has gradually emerged. Xu Wei appreciates Bird's paintings and tries to learn from Mo Mei in Bird. He thought it was the most difficult to circle flowers, and said, "I don't circle flowers. Let Bird write. Bird is not like me. "Xu Wenchang, a genius, is always above me. He thinks that Bird, whose hair is dry, is inferior to him, and Bird, whose flowers are circled, is inferior to him. From this sentence, we can know his admiration for Bird. Anyone who has painted plum blossoms knows that the difficulty of painting plum blossoms lies not in doing it, but in flowers; It is difficult to draw flowers with whiskers and pedicels. In Qing Dynasty, Lazy Gardener said: "The green vine (that is, Xu Wei) painted plum, and the circle was not round, and the branches were not branches. It is a magical line, its pen is vivid and unpredictable, splashing ink like a cloud in the air, and it is natural. " This shows that Xu's painting style is freehand brushwork. Xu and Wang have different styles. In terms of kung fu, the natural Yuan Zhang is much deeper than the green vine. Xu Wei not only learns from Wang Mian to draw plum blossoms, but also learns from him to be a man and draw plum blossoms for meals. Xu Wei once visited Wang Mian's tomb and laughed at some rich and powerful families at that time. In his poem, he said, "You painted plum blossoms for rice, and now you can exchange rice for plum blossoms. An Neng awakens Wang Jushi and smiles at Hua Jia and Mi Jia. "(Xu Wenchang Collection) Xu also sympathized with Wang Mian's hard life, and guessed how many buckets of rice he had and changed a plum flower:" I don't know how many buckets of ice to change if I want to see the sad rice day. "After reading Wang Mian's Plum Blossom, Xu wanted to copy it, but he felt at a loss. He wrote in the painting entitled "Wang Yuanzhang hangs the plum blossom upside down": "I am too lonely to copy the clouds. "Everything is always too high, don't blame the plum blossom for landing." Several masters of plum painting in Ming Dynasty, such as Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu and Liu, were all descendants of Wang Mian. When Liu was young, he was greatly encouraged to see Yuan Zhang's plum blossom on the stone wall in his hometown. Since then, he has been particularly fond of mechanics and painting plum blossoms. It is said that he loved Wang Yuanzhang's notice very much, and he tried his best to do experiments: one way of painting was to cut off the pieces of oil paper when he was alum silk, and the painting was completed. It looks like Xue Huadian's point fell, competing with flowers, and the effect is very good. At that time, the painter Xie praised it as a "masterpiece". The branches painted by Wang Mian are very beautiful. It is said that he started from bamboo painting, so Liu Xuehu also started from bamboo painting. When Xu Wenchang wrote his poems about Mo Mei, he said, "Liu Zi in a snowy lake is not vulgar, so he wrote bamboo first, and then painted plum blossoms. Flowers, plums, bamboo and bamboo are two phases, and iron is not as good as iron. " Zhu Duo's poems include "Chen Chun is dead, Shen Shi is old, and Liu is late". Wen Zhiming also praised: "Snow Lake is vigorous and natural, and the future should be the first cloud." In fact, Liu's achievements are not as good as those of Wang Mian and Xu Wei. Xu Wenchang wrote a poem about Mo Mei in Snow Lake: "I visited Jinling to paint Mei, which was painted by Mo Miao. Liu Jun can't escape, and a Liu Yisheng has no father or mother. " (The Difficulty of Painting Plums) Wang Mian was still studied by Sun Congji, Wang Renzuo, Yuan and Lin Hongxian in the Ming Dynasty. It can be seen that imitating Wang Mian's brushwork is all the rage. In the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics, Jin Nong, Li and Wang were all deeply influenced by him. If you learn from his flowers, you learn from Jin Nong, and Julian Waghann learns from his flowers and flowers and his ink paintings. Although each family has different styles, it still degenerates from him. Another uncle Tong, who is famous for painting plum blossoms, also learned Bird's painting method. Jiang said that the plum blossoms painted by Uncle Tong Er in Luoyang can attract bees and butterflies. "Bixi Poetry" records: "When my second uncle was born, his mother, Li Taihou, dreamed of driving cattle and came to plum blossom, and the more she was born. His beard is Wang Mian, a farmer who cooks stone mountains, and the cover is also given. " Of course it's nonsense, but it can be seen that Wang Mian's paintings are also very influential among the people. Regarding the characteristics of plum painting by painters in Ming and Qing Dynasties, The Lazy Gardener in Qing Dynasty said: "We should learn from Wang Yuanzhang's elegance, Liu Xuehu's old age, Xu Qingteng's deification, and Uncle Tong's grandeur without deification, but Jin Dongxin's tender branches are firm and deep-rooted." This statement does make sense. Wang Mian's paintings had a far-reaching influence on the painting circles in Ming and Qing Dynasties. He laid a solid foundation for ink painting, led Xu Wen's elders to jump out of a set of archaized rules and create a new life. He used poems and paintings to resist the rule of the nobles of Yuan and Mongolia, sympathized with the sufferings of the people, and profoundly exposed the dark side of society at that time, which had positive significance. Because of this, he has been loved and respected by the broad masses of the people and is known as "an immortal flower with a strange mind." (Excerpted from "Exquisite Ceremony of Famous Painters in China" Author: Hong Rui) Jin Nong's "Mimeitu" Mimeitu was made by Jin Nong, one of the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou", and was a famous literati painter in Qing Dynasty. His date of birth and death 1687- 1764, the word Shoumen, is Mr. Dong Xin, a back-to-back Buddhist, and a missing mountain man. Renhe, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou), lived in Yangzhou for a long time to sell calligraphy and painting. "Mumeitu" embodies the characteristics of his plum painting art, and this piece of Mumei is a portrayal of "Mei Ge" with its wonderful idea of "not simple but not complicated". The branches are oblique, the flowers are sparse, the pen is simple and the charm is distinct.