The geographical environment of jingshan county

The total area is 3,520 square kilometers (5.26 million mu, including Wusan Farm and Taizishan Forest Farm). The mountain forest area of the county is 23 1 10,000 mu, and the cultivated land area is10.52 million mu. The per capita land possession exceeds the provincial average. Hills, hills and hills have been cultivated for generations and turned into fertile fields. With large planting area and high commodity rate, rice is one of the first 50 commodity grain base counties and advanced grain production counties in China. Yonglong area in the southwest belongs to the alluvial plain of Hanjiang River and is one of the high-quality cotton production bases in Hubei Province. Altitude 100 meters, low hills with relative height difference over 50 meters *** 1800 square kilometers, accounting for about half of the total area. Mountain is the treasure of Jingshan. First of all, it is the basis of developing forestry. There are yellow brown soil and calcareous soil suitable for forest growth in the vast Shan Ye, with suitable climate and good conditions for developing forestry. The second is natural pasture. China has 6.5438+0.67 million mu of mountain grassland, which is an excellent place for raising herbivores. Third, it is a natural wildlife park. There are more than 20 kinds of wild animals such as leopard, wild sheep, raccoon and raccoon, more than 30 kinds of birds, more than 300 kinds of trees such as pine, cypress and oak, and more than 670 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines such as Bupleurum, orange dung and asparagus. Fourth, there are abundant underground treasures. Non-metallic mineral deposits are particularly rich, with proven 10 species. Quartz stone, limestone, marble, authigenic marble and barite, in particular, are rich raw materials for developing smelting and building materials industries with high grade and large reserves. Major rivers such as Zhangshui, Dafushui, Qinshui and Yonglong River all originate from the mountainous area in the northwest of the county. The river bed has a large drop and rich water energy. There are more than 160 reservoirs with ponds, weirs and dams, which irrigate more than 100 mu of farmland in Jingshan, Tianmen, Yingcheng and Anlu. The water surface is 290,000 mu, which has great potential for developing fishery. Jingshan county is located in the middle of Hubei, at the southern foot of Dahongshan and at the northern end of Jianghan Plain. It crosses east longitude112 43'-113 29' and north latitude 30 42'-3127'. Surrounding counties and cities are Anlu and Yingcheng in the east, Tianmen in the south, Zhongxiang in the west and Suizhou in the north. The horizontal distance from east to west is 75 kilometers, and the vertical distance from north to south is 86 kilometers, with a total area of 3,520 square kilometers (including Qujialing Management Area and Taizishan Forest Farm), accounting for 1.78% of the total area of the province.

Jingshan county is located in the transition zone between the hills in central Hubei and Jianghan Plain, and the terrain is inclined from northwest to southeast. After the southern vein of Dahongshan entered China, five mountain ranges, namely Xiangshan, Xujiazhai, Wangjiadashan, Longfengzhai and Huzhaoshan, were formed, which extended to the southeast and connected with Jianghan Plain, forming four types of landforms, namely low mountain, hilly, hilly and plain, each accounting for 46%, 265, 438+0%, 29% and 4% of the total area (excluding Qujialing management area). Most of the low hills are covered by forests, and hilly plains and valley plains are concentrated rice producing areas. Hubei province has a high-quality cotton production base, and its cotton output ranks among the best in the province.

The highest point is Niangniangzhai, a peak at the junction of Wangjiadashan and Suizhou, with an altitude of 950.2 meters; The lowest point is Panjiawan riverbed of Yonglong River, with an altitude of about 27 meters. The low mountain, which belongs to the southern mountain range of Dahong Mountain, is distributed in the north and west of jingshan county, with a northwest-southeast trend, with an altitude of 400-950m and an area of 1.539 km2. The hills are distributed in all towns in the county except Yonglong Town, mainly in the middle, south-central, west and northeast, with an altitude of 100-400 meters and an area of more than 700 square kilometers. Most of the low mountains and hills are covered with forests, which can be described as beautiful and pleasant. Gangdi, distributed in all parts of the county except some mountainous areas in the north and west and Yonglong Town, is 40- 100 meters above sea level and covers an area of 970 square kilometers, of which Gangxiang Plain and Valley Plain account for about half of its area, which is a concentrated rice producing area in this county. Yonglong Town in the southwest of the county seat is a plain, belonging to the northern edge of Jianghan Plain, with an altitude of 27-40 meters and an area of 134 square kilometers. It is a concentrated cotton producing area in the county, and 1985 has been designated as a high-quality cotton production base in Hubei Province. Cotton yield has been among the best in the city and the whole province. Summer is affected by the southeast monsoon of tropical ocean, which is hot and rainy; Winter is affected by continental anticyclone, which is dry and cold. Due to different altitudes, the climate between the north and the south is slightly different. Annual average sunshine 1978.8-20 12.8 hours, annual total solar radiation 108- 10 kcal/cm2, annual average temperature 16. 1℃, and frost-free period is about 20 days. It is rich in light and heat, abundant in rainfall, and has favorable climatic conditions for developing agriculture. The elevation of the whole territory is 950.2-27 meters, which gradually decreases from northwest to southeast and is divided into low mountains, hills and plains in turn.

Jingshan County is a subtropical monsoon climate zone with four distinct seasons, warm in spring and hot in summer, cool in autumn and cold in winter. Sufficient light, sufficient heat, and occasional chilling injury; Rainfall is abundant, but it is unevenly distributed, and the climate varies greatly from year to year. The annual average temperature is 65438 06.3℃. Central China has the highest average temperature in July, 28.2℃; The lowest is 1 month, 3. 1℃. The extreme maximum temperature is 40.3℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is -6.2℃. The temperature difference between mountains and plains is obvious, and the average annual temperature in north and south is about 65438 0℃. The frost-free period is 243 days in the south, 234 days in the middle and 223 days in the north. The annual average total solar radiation is 108- 1 10 kcal/cm2, the total sunshine hours are 1970.5 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 46%, which can basically meet the needs of crops. Low sunshine hours, more hills and less plains; More in summer and less in winter.

The annual average precipitation is 1 179mm. Summer (June-August) precipitation accounts for about 4 1-45% of the whole year, winter (1February-February) accounts for 7-8%, spring accounts for 28-32%, and autumn accounts for 18-20%. The annual precipitation is distributed horizontally, with more in the eastern edge and less in the north and west. The annual precipitation days are 104- 130 days, mainly in spring and rainy season, with April as the maximum and 65438+ 10 as the minimum. Heavy rains are mainly concentrated in May-September, with the most in June-July. In June, there were more rainstorms in the south than in the north, and in July and August, there were more rainstorms in the north than in the south.