Classical Chinese description is chaotic.

1. Regarding the classical Chinese sentence that is not confused by superficial phenomena, the former Ceng Zi paid people to kill people with the same name as Ceng Zi. Someone told Ceng Zi's mother, "I was involved in killing people." Ceng Zi's mother said, "My son doesn't kill people." She knits very well, and some people say, "I was involved in killing people." Her mother still knits well, and she is lonely.

Yang Zhu's brother, Ella, came out dressed in white. It began to rain, and Yang Bu took off his white clothes and went home in black. His dog didn't recognize him and rushed forward to call him. Yang Bu was very angry and was about to hit the dog. Yang Zhu said, "I can't jump, so I'm still alive. Is it any wonder that your dog came in the dark for nothing? "

Rich family, occasionally get two little wolves, mix with domestic dogs, and get along well with dogs. It took a long time and was quite tame. I forgot it was a wolf. One day, when the owner was sleeping in the hall during the day, he heard the whine of the dog and woke Zhou Shi up. No one was there. On the pillow, he will sleep, and the dog will be the same as before. If you are pretending to sleep, then two wolves will lick their throats and the dog will stop them. It's killing and taking its leather. "Wolf ambition, believe it or not!" However, ambition is just an escape. Yang is intimate, while Yin is elusive, which is bigger than ambition. Why did this man take it away and bring trouble to himself?

Mo Tao's slanderers are as deep as waves, and Mo Yan's guests are as heavy as sand. Although it has gone through many hardships, it still needs a lot of sand to find gold. Langtaosha (Tang Liu Yuxi)

Workers and overseas Chinese are considerate, playing a piano, a string and a drum, and Jin Shengyu responded. I think the beauty of this world is too ordinary. Let the national workers look at it and say, "Fugu." Give it back.

Overseas Chinese workers returned to China, asking painters to disconnect them; He also sought seal carvers to end the past. The box is buried in the soil and will be released within the year, so it will be suitable for listing. It is easy for a noble person to see it with a hundred gold and offer it to the DPRK. When the music officer delivered the notice, they all said, "I hope the world is precious."

When the overseas Chinese workers heard this, they sighed, "What a pity the world is! Is it unique? Otherwise. "

2. Confused content words in classical Chinese confuse you.

1. Suspect; Doubt.

Example: "Mencius?" "On Ugly Sun": "If so, disciples will be very confused. 」

2. Confused and inexplicable.

Example: Tang Hanyu's Book with Meng Shangshu: "If you believe it without evidence, you will be confused. 」

3. infatuation.

Example: Song Hong Mai's "Yi Jian Zhi Ding Lin Qiong Li Sheng": "Watching the evening lantern, I am fascinated by a girl, and then I will not give up for a while. 」

4. refers to chaos.

Example: Qingyun mirror reads Yi: "This is a book, which is too shallow to read, so later readers may not be confused. 」

5. Lost.

For example: Hanshu? Biography of Li Guang: "Guang started without thanking the general ... lost his way and became a general. 」

6. confusion, confusion.

For example: Notes on Water Classics by Daoyuan in North Wei Li? Flying water: "Fu Jian! Look at the vegetation on the mountain, salty, like people. This is where we were defeated. Without the help of the spirit of the Eight Masters, the Gaifu family would be very confused. 」

7. Buddhism calls troubles chaos.

Example: Selected Works? Wang Wei's Inscription of Toutuo Temple: "Those who keep their bodies are confused, and those who win by reason are confused. 」

3. In classical Chinese, which one or two words can mean "puzzled", you can use secondary words, such as "xx is the most serious, followed by xx"

You can also use "Ming" to refer to the second. For example, "tomorrow" and "next year (old Chinese)" mean the next day and the next year, and sometimes "Dan Day" also means the next day.

In the ranking, I ranked me with Uncle Zhong Ji's brothers.

Or use "Ya", such as "runner-up", obviously, the meaning of second place, or "Wu Gongxian, Jin Hou Yazhi." ("Nothing in Mandarin") (Yi: Drink animal blood to show sincerity during the alliance)

It is represented by "zai". For example, "try once, then decline, and run out three times." "。 . The second drum sounded. 。"

Or use the word "you", such as the "main volume, auxiliary volume, auxiliary volume" of twelve women in Jinling in a dream of red mansions.

4. Find some classical Chinese words to describe people's greed and selfishness. It's best to give a few more words to thank those who are addicted to this world and avoid goods to enrich their rooms. I don't know if I'm tired for myself, so as not to accumulate. Even if you are lazy, you will be abandoned, and if you migrate, you will get sick. If you can afford it, but you don't like it, you will respect your position and get a lot of money, but you will be insatiable, so that you will be close to danger and you will not know how to quit before you die. Although its shape is big, its name is also named, and wisdom is a bug. It's enough to mourn your husband! (Selected from Liu Zongyuan's Biography of Slugs in Tang Dynasty)

Translation:

Now those insatiable people in the world, when they see money, don't avoid it and use it to increase their property. They don't know that wealth and commodities have become their own burdens, but they are afraid that the accumulation of wealth is not enough. When they collapsed due to negligence, some were dismissed from office, and some were exiled to remote areas, which was considered as suffering. If they are used, they don't think about repentance. They think about improving their status and increasing their wages every day. They are insatiable and almost fall to their death. They see those who commit suicide because they are desperately corrupt officials, and they don't know how to learn from them. Even though they look huge and are called "people", they are as knowledgeable as bugs. It's so sad!

5. How to describe a person as a "sinister villain" in classical Chinese, who hates his guts and abandons it without knowing it.

Interpretation refers to being annoyed and disgusted with someone or something, wanting to abandon him (it) and stay away from him (it) without him (it) knowing it.

An upright man is open and poised, little people are always sad.

It shows that this gentleman is cheerful, frank and clean, and his appearance and movements are also very comfortable and steady. The villain has too many inner desires and a heavy psychological burden, so he is often anxious, and his appearance and movements are also uneasy. He is often restless and emotionally unstable.

Cunning y and n m m m m n ji m m o zhà.

Explanation: seemingly kind, secretly hostile; Cunning and scheming;

"Only when you are in charge of the army will you be arrogant, and this generation will confuse the villain." xi m: o ré n

He just mastered the military power, so he was arrogant and indulgent. Such people are selfish little people who are confused by wisdom and ignorant. Confucius said, "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, while villains are identical but incompatible." Joan zuhair Butang

A gentleman is inseparable from others, while a villain seems inseparable but intrigues.

Don't do evil, treat people with courtesy, such as bú rexi, lǐ dà i jun 1zǐ.

It is not difficult to be strict with villains with bad morals, but it is difficult not to hate them: it is not difficult to stay away from noble gentlemen, but it is difficult to be really polite to them.

6. Confusion about how to write modern classical Chinese Modern people encounter a headache when writing classical Chinese, that is, the articles written are not only rejected by people, but also left and right, unlike classical Chinese.

I think there are probably the following reasons: First, the use of characters is not ancient. There are two common situations here: 1) For commonly used modern nouns, such as "socialism" and "modernization", we can't find corresponding ancient nouns to replace them, so we can only quote them in classical Chinese, which makes the written classical Chinese look neither fish nor fowl, which can be seen in the classical Chinese of many contemporary old scholars and in the open letters of Liao Chengzhi and Jiang Jingguo; 2) Even if some nouns and predicates are not necessarily used, they are used to using some used modern words, which is especially obvious in the use of predicates. Some modern classical Chinese have just become a four-character style, which seems to have some ancient flavor, but it is not classical Chinese.

Regarding the first point, I think it is mainly because classical Chinese has been deserted for nearly a hundred years (actually from the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty), and it has not formed a great writing force in society. A large number of modern nouns that have appeared in society have not been standardized. In fact, in ancient times, classical Chinese also encountered problems with new terms. However, due to the overwhelming words in the society are classical Chinese (don't think that ancient words are classical Chinese, such as variations in the Tang Dynasty, quotations from Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty, novels in the Ming Dynasty, such as a few words, and the genre of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in between), the constantly emerging new terms were quickly standardized.

The so-called "standardization" is to unify and simplify new terms according to the older classical Chinese method. Of course, this process is not conducted under the command of * * *, but the * * knowledge formed by most people when exchanging works. The imperial examination system also played such a role in the proposition, composition, recitation and official documents of the imperial court. Therefore, if writing classical Chinese can form a large-scale movement in the future, this problem can be solved, at least partially.

Liang Qichao was an experimenter in the late Qing Dynasty. Liang Qichao's classical Chinese (see his Collection of Drinking Rooms) contains many new terms, and he tries to standardize these terms in classical Chinese. Because of his fame, his writing style was imitated by many people in the society, forming the so-called "Liang Qichao style". At that time, some old pedants laughed at Liang Wencai's eclecticism, which I think is biased unless these old pedants avoid sound and light when writing articles. Regarding the second point, the main reason is the problem of our modern classical Chinese education, in a word, lack of practice.

Classical Chinese is not absent in middle schools now, although it is missing. More importantly, teachers never let students write classical Chinese or even make sentences. Secondly, it is mainly because there is little education in "primary schools". The so-called primary school mentioned by the ancients is philology, which makes modern people have few Chinese characters and can't express their meaning flexibly with one word.

Once you write classical Chinese, there are fewer words that you hate to use. If you had written them, you would know a few words now. In this way, of course, it will be simplified by others or themselves, rather than authentic classical Chinese. Second, the style of modern classical Chinese is single.

In fact, there are many styles of classical Chinese. For example, the ancient prose in the pre-Qin period is very different from the writing after the Han Dynasty. The style of Zuo Zhuan is one of them, and The Analects is another.

Parallel prose, that is, four or six essays, arose in Wei and Jin Dynasties and is another style. The ancient prose movement that arose in the mid-Tang Dynasty was originally a rebellion against parallel prose and the restoration of ancient prose in the pre-Qin period, that is, ancient prose without rhyme and meter. However, due to the different times, this ancient prose is very different from the ancient prose in the pre-Qin period, and the later ancient prose is basically a model of Han Yu's retro sports style.

However, the later classical Chinese are not all ancient Chinese (in a narrow sense), and some articles are actually a mixture of ancient Chinese and parallel prose, which are widely used in essays and memorials. Modern people basically imitate the writing style of Han Yu's ancient prose, and more directly pursue the writing style of Tongcheng School in Qing Dynasty. For other styles, such as parallel prose, they don't practice much, and as a result, the article seems to be lacking in literary talent.

You know, although parallel prose is gorgeous in rhetoric and emphasizes form over content, it has the advantage of making the article gorgeous. Completely imitating Tongcheng school's writing style, or unconsciously imitating, makes the article look tacky. To put it bluntly, some famous old pedants have such vulgarity in classical Chinese.

The solution is to read more articles about ancient styles and practice more. Third, poetic classical Chinese.

Many people began to practice classical Chinese after loving classical poetry. There are far more participants in classical Chinese in modern China. Although classical poetry is an important aspect of classical literature, it is by no means classical Chinese, even if it is used for writing to increase the aesthetic feeling of articles.

You know, although ancient people wrote poems as a broad hobby, it was not the most important way of writing in daily life. There is an obvious defect in writing classical Chinese in the form of classical poetry, that is, the lack of necessary function words, such as "zhi, Hu, zhe, ye, yi, er, Xie, ye, Wei, Fu and ruo", which makes the article cadence and smooth connection. You know, when the ancients wrote classical Chinese, they paid great attention to the phonology of the article. After writing an article, they often recite it repeatedly. These function words play a very important role.

Fourth, there are too few allusions. There are not many allusions, but they play a very important role in some key places. It makes the narrative concise without repetition, and brevity is the basic spirit of classical Chinese.

The above four reasons are all I can think of, and they are definitely not enough. Classical Chinese and Chinese characters are the basic reasons why China's traditional culture can last for thousands of years. In the past, some scholars ignored the "agreement" function of classical Chinese and thought that traditional culture could be maintained as long as Chinese characters were used, which was one-sided.

Give a simple example: The Quotations of Zhu Zi was written in Fujian dialect in the Southern Song Dynasty, but few people can understand it now. Due to the complex terrain and vast territory, China is divided into many dialect areas, and it is difficult to popularize Putonghua everywhere (that is, it is not possible to fully promote Putonghua at present). If writing is colloquial, that is, vernacular, I believe that few people can understand ancient books now.

And if there is no standard classical Chinese writing, so is the square character itself.