Historical evolution of celadon porcelain

Blue glaze was first seen in the Han Dynasty. Since the lead-green glazed pottery in Han Dynasty, the firing of low-temperature green glaze has never stopped. Cizhou Kiln and Ding Kiln were both fired in Song Dynasty, and the green glaze fired in Ding Kiln is called "Green Ding", which is precious. Both Bacun Kiln in Jin Dynasty and Cizhou Kiln in Yuan Dynasty produced underglaze brown color. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen fired a new variety of peacock green underglaze blue and white on high-quality porcelain tires. The blue glaze in Ming Dynasty was mainly peacock blue glaze, which was "melon skin green" in the early stage and light blue glaze in Yongle period. According to "Notes on South Kiln", "Flange and method were the most important in Chenghua Kiln in the old days." This means that the green glaze of malachite green jade was successfully fired during Chenghua period. Peacock green is "Fa tui", also called jade glaze or auspicious glaze. There are two kinds of glaze colors: the deep one has bright and gorgeous glaze color, lush tone, white glaze bottom and thin flakes in the glaze; Deep ones are mainly used for painting. For example, malachite green is often added to glazes such as blue and white, which makes the color of blue and white black, which has the effect of malachite green and black flowers in Cizhou kiln in Song Dynasty. Another kind of glaze, such as eggplant skin purple, is often added with malachite green. Malachite green is a kind of low-temperature glaze with copper as colorant, which was first seen in Cizhou kiln in Song Dynasty and fired in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

During Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen began to burn single peacock green glazed porcelain. There are two firing methods: one is to hang glaze directly on the plain tire, which is easy to peel off; One is to burn the glaze on a white glaze device to make the glaze less peeling off. However, judging from the handed down objects, malachite green was mostly refined in Zhengde period, which broke through the original state of dark green glaze since Song and Yuan Dynasties. The color is like the emerald feather on the peacock's tail feather, green and elegant, and the blue glaze is decorated with black and blue fish algae patterns, which is a model of porcelain in Zhengde period. During Jiajing period, copper-containing glaze was hung on porcelain blank, and it was sintered into blue glaze in high temperature oxidation atmosphere. Kangxi period in Qing Dynasty was the heyday of green glaze firing, with rich colors. The original variety "Guapiqing" was the most successful in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, especially the utensils decorated with this glaze are precious. During the Yongzheng period, the green glaze layer of melon skin was plump and moist, green and yellow, like willow leaves in spring. New varieties of green glaze in Qing Dynasty include Langyao Green, Ying Ge Green, Yellow Pine Green, Turtle Green, Lake Green, Caviar Green and Okra Green. Among them, "Langyaoqing", also known as "Apple Green", "Apple Green" and "Green Langyao", is the product of Lang Yaohong kiln transformation. In the final stage of firing Lang Yaohong products in the kiln, the copper red glaze was oxidized by mistake, so that the low-priced copper in the glaze was oxidized into high-priced copper, and the inner and outer glazes were light green and glassy. Some are more precious than Lang Yaohong. Their glazes are slightly green and full of five colors, and their bodies are covered with tiny stripes, so they are also called "celadon". There is also a kiln variety "Fanlang Kiln" in Lang Yaohong, which is named after the different oxidation and reduction of copper red glaze, resulting in red glaze in the kiln and blue glaze outside the kiln, similar to Qinglang Kiln.