On "Khrushchev's role in Soviet history has two sides"

I. The Positive Role of Khrushchev's Reform Under the background of dogmatism and rigid thinking, Khrushchev adjusted and reformed some links of the current policy and management system, which opened the prelude to the socialist reform in the Soviet Union. To some extent, it broke through the shackles of traditional ideas, took the first step of reform and achieved certain results. 1, Khrushchev criticized Stalin's personality cult, vindicated the unjust, false and wrong cases, broke the superstition of Stalin, and broke through the shackles of dogmatism, which was conducive to mobilizing the people's enthusiasm for production and promoting the reforms in other socialist countries. 2. The adjustment of agricultural policy has played a positive role. Agriculture is the weak link of Soviet national economy, which has been in a state of stagnation for a long time and has become a major obstacle to the healthy development of Soviet society. Khrushchev carried out some reforms in agricultural policies and management systems, such as large-scale reclamation of wasteland and planting corn. By the end of 1962, 42 million hectares of wasteland had been reclaimed in China, with the sown area expanded by about 30% and the sown area of grain by about 70%. The land reclamation movement not only eased the national food problem, but also reduced the burden on farmers, creating conditions for improving the agricultural structure. 3. In industry, the decentralization of management power to local governments has left valuable experience for the reform of socialist countries. For example, 1952, the state's mandatory plans for enterprises decreased by 52%, and 1955, decreased by 70%. These reforms have expanded the joint power of the United States and local governments, mobilized the enthusiasm of local governments, and promoted the all-round development of regional economy. During the Khrushchev period, the annual growth rate of the total industrial output value of the Soviet Union was 10.3%, exceeding all developed capitalist countries and twice that of the United States. 1955, the output of most industrial products in the Soviet Union was only 35% of that in the United States. 4. Other achievements. Diplomatically, the adjustment of the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union has gradually developed from the Cold War to the hegemonic pattern, which has kept the world in armed peace for a long time and avoided the occurrence of a new world war for a long time. In literature, there is a kind of "unfreeze literature" that truly reflects reality and shows the daily life of ordinary people. In terms of science and technology, 1954 established the world's first atomic power station, and196/kloc-0 launched the first manned spacecraft in human history, successfully circling the earth and safely returning to the ground. 5. The reform of the Soviet Union has promoted the reform of other socialist countries. The economies of some countries have developed to varying degrees, and the socialist countries have moved towards a more realistic world political stance, which is conducive to the development of socialism. Second, the negative effects of Khrushchev's reform 1. There is no breakthrough in theory, but only minor repairs to the original economic system. Khrushchev lacked scientific understanding of the deep-rooted "Stalin model", and most of his reform measures were piecemeal and failed to get rid of it fundamentally. For example, in agriculture, it is of positive significance to reorganize tractor stations into technical repair stations, sell all agricultural machinery to collective farms, and combine workers with advanced technologies and tools. However, because the technicians working in tractor stations are unwilling to change from state workers to farm workers, the farm has bought a lot of machines, but they can't make full use of them. 2, the lack of a comprehensive and consistent strategic policy, with great blindness. When Khrushchev celebrated the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution, he proposed that "per capita product and output will catch up with and surpass that of the United States in 15 years" and claimed in 196 1 year that the Soviet Union would "build a capitalist society in 20 years". In the process of reforming agriculture, Khrushchev saw that planting corn in the United States was very beneficial to the development of animal husbandry, so he ignored the objective conditions of the Soviet Union and forcibly expanded the planting area of corn. In fact, corn is a dry and hot climate crop, but there is insufficient sunshine in many parts of the Soviet Union, and corn often does not ear. The villagers passively resisted. After Khrushchev stepped down, some traditional corn-growing areas refused to grow corn. 3. Personal style is impatient and capricious, which leads to confusion. For example, in 1953, the sown area of corn in the whole Soviet Union was only 3.5 million hectares, but Khrushchev was eager for success and demanded that it be expanded to 28 million hectares by 1960. In industry, management power was devolved from the central government to the local government. Because of new contradictions, power immediately returned to the central government.