When is the best sowing season for garlic, and what should I pay attention to?

Garlic planting can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing. Different varieties of garlic have different requirements for temperature in the growing period, so choosing spring sowing or autumn sowing should consider both the local climate and environmental conditions and the requirements of varieties. Today we will talk about the choice of garlic sowing date and how to sow it.

First, the choice of garlic sowing date

Because garlic is sensitive to temperature, the suitable temperature for germination is 20℃~25℃, and when it exceeds 27℃, it will sleep and not germinate. The suitable temperature for the growth and development of stems and leaves is between 65438 05℃ and 20℃. When the temperature exceeds 25℃, the growth and development are poor, the stems and leaves are easy to die, and they enter mature dormancy in advance. At 35 degrees north latitude? In the southern region, winter is not so cold, and garlic seedlings can survive the winter smoothly, mainly sowing in autumn; 38 north latitude? In the northern region, the weather in autumn is very cold, so garlic seedlings can't survive the winter smoothly, so early spring sowing should be the main method. Between 35 degrees north latitude? ~ 38 north latitude? Sowing can be done in spring and autumn.

Autumn sowing is widely practiced in the Yangtze River basin in China. Because the growth period of autumn sowing is longer and the yield is higher than that of spring sowing, autumn sowing is best if conditions permit.

1, Determination of sowing date of garlic in spring

The growth period of spring-sown garlic seedlings is short. In order to prolong the growth period of garlic, we should sow as soon as possible under suitable conditions. Generally, when the soil temperature reaches 3~6℃, you can sow. Sowing as early as possible can not only make garlic seeds vernalize at low temperature, but also ensure the growth and development of garlic root system during germination and germination, promote the differentiation of flower buds and scale buds, and lay the foundation for garlic harvest.

If sowing is too late, the flower bud and scale bud are not completely differentiated, and it is easy to form a head of garlic. ? Garlic doesn't make nine, nine is the only one? That's the truth. As mentioned earlier, the choice of sowing garlic in spring and autumn is determined by the climatic conditions in winter in the open field. Therefore, the sowing date of garlic can be changed by facility cultivation.

2. Determination of garlic sowing date in autumn.

The determination of sowing date of garlic in autumn mainly depends on the dormancy characteristics and external environment of garlic. Sowing too early or too late will adversely affect the growth and development of garlic.

Premature sowing: high external temperature is not conducive to garlic emergence; Before overwintering, the seedlings grow vigorously, consume too much nutrients, and their stress resistance decreases, making them vulnerable to freezing injury. It may also vernalize again, causing secondary growth and forming compound garlic, which will affect the yield and quality.

Sowing too late: the seedlings are small, the root system is underdeveloped, the plants absorb less nutrients, and they are weak, which is prone to freezing injury in winter, which affects the bolting and growth of garlic.

Therefore, the sowing date of garlic in autumn must be strictly controlled. Judging from the climatic conditions, the suitable sowing temperature of garlic in autumn is 20℃~22℃. This period in the northern region is in the middle and late September; The Yangtze river basin is from late September to 65438+1mid-October. When determining the specific sowing date, the suitable sowing date can be calculated according to the characteristics that garlic stops growing when the temperature is lower than 7℃. The sowing date in northern China is usually from September to 10. There is a proverb that says well? Xiao Jiu is not planted in seven big and eight miles, and there are no young garlic shoots in October? From the practical experience, the sowing date is not delayed for 7 days, the weight of single garlic is reduced by about 5 grams, and the probability of single garlic formation is greatly increased.

If it is planted with plastic film, it can be sown a few days later, and it is easy to burn seedlings if it is sown too early.

Second, how to sow garlic

Garlic sowing mainly includes seed selection, garlic seed treatment, soil preparation, base fertilizer application and sowing. Next, I'll say it in order.

1, seed selection

Garlic seeds suitable for local climatic conditions should be selected. For example, Puning garlic, Jinshan fire garlic and Xinhui garlic can be selected as seeds in autumn sowing areas. Spring sowing areas can choose Shanxi purple garlic, white dog tooth garlic, Lintao garlic and other varieties. Try to choose garlic cloves with large and thick petals as seeds.

2. Garlic seed treatment

The treatment of garlic seeds varies from region to region, including warm water soaking, chemical fertilizer solution soaking and chemical agent soaking.

Soak seeds in warm water: dry garlic seeds in the sun for about 3 days, then soak them in warm water for 24 hours, change water two or three times during soaking, take them out and dry them for about 4 hours, and then sow. Seed soaking with fertilizer solution: Soak garlic seeds with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 6 hours before sowing, and then soak the seeds with this soaking solution. Chemical agent soaking: Chemical agents available for seed soaking include calcium copper sulfate, carbendazim, mancozeb, topiramate, etc. In many areas, seeds are mixed with fertilizer solution and soaked for about 4-6 hours, and then taken out and drained, which can effectively prevent and control soil-borne diseases. 3. Soil preparation and base fertilizer application

After the previous crop is harvested, the depth of deep tillage is generally 10~ 15 cm, and after deep tillage, it usually needs to be aired for more than 15 days. Before ploughing, base fertilizer should be spread and then deep ploughed. The recommended dosage of base fertilizer per mu is about 5000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 500 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, and 50 kg of NPK compound fertilizer should be applied. If possible, a small amount of biological fertilizer can be applied to improve the soil. After ploughing, rake the ground flat and make a ridge. Border tillage is beneficial to good field management, such as irrigation, drainage and close planting.

Step 4: Sowing.

There are two ways to sow: transplanting and ditching.

Insertion: directly insert garlic seeds into the soil and cover the soil; Ditching and sowing: shallow ditching with a hoe, sowing garlic and covering the soil. The suitable sowing depth of garlic is 3~5 cm, and the covering soil is about 2 cm. After covering the soil, it should be a little practical before watering.

The above is the answer to the question about the determination of garlic sowing date and how to sow it. If you have any questions in the process of garlic planting, you can also leave a message in the comment area, and we will discuss the problems in garlic planting.