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Xu Zhimo
Farewell Cambridge
The full text is as follows:
Gently I leave
As I come gently
I wave gently
Farewell to the clouds in the western sky
The golden willows by the river
are in the setting sun The bride
The shadow in the ripples
Ripples in my heart
The green cattails on the soft mud
The oily bottom of the water Swaggering
In the soft waves of the Cam River
I am willing to be a waterweed
That pool under the shade of elm
is not a clear spring It's a rainbow in the sky
Crushed among the floating algae
Precipitate a rainbow-like dream
Looking for a dream to hold a long pole
Walking back to where the grass is greener
A boat full of stars
Singing in the starlight
But I can’t sing
Quietly is the shengxiao of parting
The summer insects are also silent for me
Silence is tonight's Cambridge
Quietly I leave
Just as I came quietly
I wave my sleeves
Not taking away a single cloud
Appreciation of "Farewell Cambridge" (Repost)
Appreciation of "Farewell Cambridge"
Xu Zhimo was born in Xiashi Town, Haining County, Zhejiang Province in 1897. He lived for 35 years until the plane crashed in 1931, and died young. His original name was Xu Zhangyi, why did he change his name to Xu Zhimo? Because he was very cute when he was a child, with a big head and a "pig tail" in the late Qing Dynasty, his father asked a monk named Zhihui to read his fortune, saying that he would become a great person in the future. So in 1928, when he went abroad, he changed his name to "Xu Zhimo" - the one that monk Zhihui had touched.
One: The pursuit and disillusionment of a rainbow-like dream
Xu Zhimo’s family is wealthy. His father, Xu Shenru, owned a sauce factory, a bank, a silk shop, and a light bulb factory. He also had investments in Shanghai and Hangzhou. He was one of the shareholders of the Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway and the president of the Xiashi Town Chamber of Commerce. Xu Zhimo was the only son in the family and was deeply loved by his elders. . His family has an influence on him. He is lively and active and likes to make friends.
Furthermore, his marriage also had an impact on him. In 1915, when he was studying preparatory courses at Peking University (three years of preparatory courses and then five years of undergraduate studies), he met Zhang Youyi. She was dignified, good at taking care of herself, and good at managing money. Some people compared her to Wang Xifeng in "A Dream of Red Mansions". Of course, Wang Xifeng's quality is much inferior to Zhang Youyi. Not only that, the Zhang family is richer, so the Xu family is very happy to find this daughter-in-law.
Everyone knows that marriage before liberation was firstly political and secondly economical. Xu's father is a businessman, so he naturally likes him very much. More importantly, Zhang Youyi's eldest brother Zhang Jia'ao is the president of the Bank of China, and Xu Zhimo knows and knows Zhang Jia'ao. When he was studying in the past, Zhang Jiaao inspected the middle school where Xu Zhimo attended. He knew that Xu Zhimo was good at Chinese and wrote good compositions, so he agreed to the marriage between Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi. The second brother Zhang Xueliang is a famous philosopher in the history of modern Chinese philosophy and the chairman of the Democratic Socialist Party.
Zhang Xueli introduced Xu Zhimo to Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao loved Xu Zhimo deeply and persuaded him to study abroad. So in August 1918, Xu Zhimo went to the United States to study, accompanied by Wang Jingwei. He first went to Clark University to study history and received his bachelor's degree a year later. In September 1919, he entered Columbia University to study political economics and received a master's degree a year later. In July 1920, Xu Zhimo no longer wanted to study, so he went to Cambridge University in England to find Russell (a natural philosopher, whom Xu Zhimo called the British "Liang Qichao"), but the two missed it. Because Russell was "fired" because he opposed Britain's participation in the First World War and came to China to teach, Xu Zhimo went to the UK to find him, but to no avail. Of course, the two later became very good friends, and Xu Zhimo's view of love was deeply influenced by Russell.
I couldn't get into Cambridge, so I had to study for a doctorate in political economy at the University of London, where I met Chen Xiying, Zhang Shizhao, and Lin Changmin (the father of Lin Huiyin and the chief of the Beiyang Warlords Department). Lin Changmin introduced him to Professor Di Gensheng of Cambridge University, and then he entered the University of Cambridge, which was called Cambridge University at the time. This created a connection with Cambridge.
One gt; establish ambition: a rainbow-like dream. Because Xu Zhimo wanted to establish a British-like bourgeois democratic politics in China. He believes that the Germans are too stupid and do things mechanically; the French are too shady and do things too much; the Southern Europeans are too chaotic and have confused minds; and the Americans are shallow and have a short cultural history. So the more decent one is the UK. He once said, "The British are liberal, but not mechanical; they are conservative, but not stubborn." Therefore, he believes that the conditions for implementing democratic politics in the UK are far superior to those of the shouting Americans. Therefore, in his mind, he must establish a bourgeois political system like Britain.
So in one of his essays "The Debate on Smoking and Culture", he said: "My eyes were opened by Kang Qiao; my self-awareness was given to me by Kang Qiao as an embryo; my The desire for knowledge was inspired by Kang Qiao. "It can be seen that Kang Qiao had a great influence on him. Objectively speaking, British democracy is free, which he envies very much. From a supervisor's perspective, he has one pursuit: love, beauty, and freedom. At the same time, his best friend Hu Shi also said, "Xu Zhimo pursued love, beauty, and freedom throughout his life." Britain just met the subjective and objective requirements.
Second gt; into the poetry world. Xu Zhimo was studying abroad because he wanted to be a politician like the U.S. Secretary of State. Later, he gave up politics and turned to literature because he was influenced by the works of British romantic poets in the 19th century, including some writers at that time. At the same time, because he likes to make friends with high-class people, Mansfield has the greatest influence on him.
One night at 11 o'clock, Xu Zhimo went to visit Mansfield. Although it only lasted 20 minutes, the re-election talks were very speculative. Mansfield's beauty gave him great attraction, and he obeyed her words. Xu Zhimo said, "These 20 minutes are 20 minutes that never pass", which shows that it left a deep impression on him. He once said that her beauty is complete beauty, pure beauty, beauty that can be felt but not known, beauty that cannot be analyzed, and a masterpiece of nature. So Mansfield said: "Xu Zhimo, you'd better engage in literature in the future, and it's best not to engage in politics." This greatly touched Xu Zhimo, and it was also the reason why Xu Zhimo began to create literature.
The second reason is the impact of divorce and lovelorn. When he was studying at the University of London, he met 16-year-old Lin Huiyin, who was called "China's most talented woman" at the time, so Xu Zhimo pursued her, but he was already married. Of course, he encountered resistance during his pursuit. Lin Huiyin said: "I am a girl and you are a married man. You must divorce first." Xu Zhimo felt promising after hearing this, so he went to Berlin to divorce Zhang Youyi in 1922. Because he is romantic, he believes that Lin Huiyin is the embodiment of love, beauty, and freedom. Although Zhang Youyi is very good, she does not have a romantic temperament. He said: "I want to be the first divorced man in China." Through many friends, I did Zhang Youyi's work, and finally Zhang Youyi agreed. After that, the relationship between the two became even better, and they wrote each other a letter a week. After the divorce, he immediately returned to the UK, only to find that Lin Huiyin had gone to the United States to study architecture. Maybe Lin Huiyin's father thought Xu Zhimo was not suitable as a son-in-law. At this moment, my wife is gone and my lover is gone. With his feet on the ground and his heart desolate, he expressed his feelings in poetry. In "Spring" he wrote that he saw others falling in love in the grass, and he was jealous and felt lonely. So I started to enter the poetry world.
Three gt; obsessed with nature. Cambridge University is beautiful, with classical buildings, blue sky and blue sea, birds singing and flowers fragrant, fields dotted with farmhouses, and a Cam River running through it. If you analyze "Farewell Cambridge", you must read "The Cambridge I Know", which introduces his daily life - boating and reading leisurely books. This was his life of studying abroad, but he did not regret it. He said that he read three books: nature book, life book, and social book. Kangqiao also had a profound experience in his life. After returning to China in 1922, he wrote his first book A poem related to Cambridge, "Goodbye Cambridge!" 》, Camqiao is the source of his life and the place of spiritual dependence. Influenced by the natural scenery, he developed a noble and detached British gentleman style.
Xu Zhimo published 4 collections of poems in his lifetime. Three books before his death can summarize his life.
A 1925 poetry collection "Zhimo's Poems" was written after Xu Zhimo returned to China and had a difficult time. Lin Huiyin was engaged to Liang Sicheng, the son of his teacher Liang Qichao, which caused him to be in a bad mood. The creation was not satisfactory either. Xu Zhimo was somewhat arrogant. He often started his lectures with: "I am a British student, and we British students..." Because he was too proud, he offended many people, one of whom was Guo Moruo. Guo Moruo likes a passionate, unrestrained and exaggerated style. He once wrote a poem lamenting his difficult life when he was studying at Kyushu Medical University in Japan. One of the lines was "tears are rolling", but Xu Zhimo did not know Guo Moruo's style. Therefore, he criticized Guo Moruo's poetry as unreasonable. He thought: "Only the Yangtze River and the Yellow River can flow, but how can tears flow." Guo Moruo was great, but he was also a mortal, and of course he was not happy about it. At the same time, Xu Zhimo also offended Lu Xun because he often published articles discussing "poetry should emphasize musicality". Lu Xun responded by writing an article criticizing Xu Zhimo: "You are always tweeting and jumping everywhere.". Later, Lu Xun wrote humorously: "I wrote a short article to stimulate Xu Zhimo, but I never saw him contributing again." Of course, I am talking about these situations only to illustrate the difficulties Xu Zhimo encountered in his creation and personal life. There's trouble.
Xu Zhimo published 4 collections of poems in his lifetime. Three books before his death can summarize his life. A 1925 poetry collection "Zhimo's Poems" was written after Xu Zhimo returned to China and was having a hard time. Lin Huiyin was engaged to Liang Sicheng, the son of his teacher Liang Qichao, which caused him to be in a bad mood. The creation was not satisfactory either. Xu Zhimo was somewhat arrogant. He often started his lectures with: "I am a British student, and we British students..." Because he was too proud, he offended many people, one of whom was Guo Moruo. Guo Moruo likes a passionate, unrestrained and exaggerated style. He once wrote a poem lamenting his difficult life when he was studying at Kyushu Medical University in Japan. One of the lines was "tears are rolling", but Xu Zhimo did not know Guo Moruo's style. Therefore, he criticized Guo Moruo's poetry as unreasonable. He thought: "Only the Yangtze River and the Yellow River can flow, but how can tears flow." Guo Moruo was great, but he was also a mortal, and of course he was not happy about it. At the same time, Xu Zhimo also offended Lu Xun because he often published articles discussing "poetry should emphasize musicality". Lu Xun responded to writing an article criticizing Xu Zhimo: "You are always tweeting and jumping everywhere.". Later, Lu Xun wrote humorously: "I wrote a short article that stimulated Xu Zhimo, and I never saw him contributing again." Of course, I am talking about these situations only to illustrate the difficulties Xu Zhimo encountered in his creation and personal life. There's trouble.
When Tagore visited China in 1924, his mood began to rise. He worked as a translator with Lin Huiyin and wrote his first collection of poems, which reflected his early persistent pursuit. His representative work "I Want to Tree a Star" expresses his sympathy for the working people. Of course this is the condescending sympathy of bourgeois poets, but there is progress.
The second collection of poems, "Night in Florence" (Felence is Florence, Italy), has entered the second stage of creation. In 1924, he met Lu Xiaoman, also known as Lu Mei, who was proficient in English and French. She was a famous socialite in Beijing and was spotted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs when she was 18 years old. She has her own characteristics. Unlike Lin Huiyin, she is proficient in literature, can write scripts, is excellent at Chinese painting, knows Peking Opera and Ping Opera, and is also great at dancing. Her husband, Wang Geng, graduated from Tsinghua University and was a student of Liang Qichao. He was an international student in the United States. He first went to Princeton University and was admitted to the major level of West Point Military Academy.
Lu Xiaoman’s father saw Wang Geng’s future and married Lu Xiaoman to Wang Geng. Wang Geng is a very talented person, why are we talking about him? He is accustomed to American living habits, working from Monday to Saturday and only having Sunday off. Xu Zhimo often visited their home to play: go to the park, go to the dance hall, and go to the theater. Xu Zhimo didn't care about which day, he would go to their house whenever he had time. Wang Geng didn't pay attention and said: "Xiao Man, Zhimo is here, you go play with him." (As everyone knows, if a husband does not care enough for his beautiful wife, a third party can easily get involved) Then Xu Zhimo successfully Acted as a third party.
Wang Geng was a very negligent person. He was transferred to Harbin to be the director of the Public Security Department. He was afraid that Lu Xiaoman would not be able to endure the hardship, so he left her in Beijing. This provided Xu Zhimo with an opportunity: a One is a famous beauty in the social circle, and the other is a passionate and romantic poet in the poetry world. When the two meet, one can imagine the scene. So there was a lot of uproar in the city at that time. Many people opposed this marriage and this relationship, including Xu Zhimo’s father and Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao objected when Xu Zhimo and Zhang Youyi divorced in the UK. At this time, he also criticized his proud disciple, saying: "Don't base your happiness on the pain of others." He warned him, but Xu Zhimo just didn't listen. He only knows persistent pursuit.
By 1925, there was an uproar in Beijing, and scandalous news spread like wildfire. His romantic life experience surpassed and overwhelmed the title of his poem, so he had to avoid suspicion and stay away from others. Go to Europe. So in 1925, Xu Zhimo returned to his alma mater for the first time. He is a smart man, and Lu Xiaoman cannot be left in that place after he leaves. He was worried. Before he left, he told Lu Xiaoman: "You keep a diary for me every day, as if you are talking to me. I will write to you every day in Europe." (Love letters of course) to encourage her. He encouraged her not only with letters but also with poems. For example, "Building a Bridge". He wanted to build a wall of love, a wall stronger than Gang, to encourage Lu Xiaoman to remember that one word - the oath before God - the word "love". Use poems and letters to encourage her to withstand pressure and public opinion. Lu Xiaoman's parents also objected, but Wang Geng was graceful and would not pick up a pistol. He just persuaded Lu Xiaoman, but this had no effect. Once you fall in love, Jiu Niu can't get her back. In this case, although Lu Xiaoman had poetry and faith, she couldn't stand it in the end and became ill. I sent three telegrams to Europe: "Xu Zhimo, come back soon. If you don't come back, I can't bear it anymore." Xu Zhimo rushed back to Beijing immediately after receiving the telegram, and Lu Xiaoman became "alive" again.
It’s time to discuss marriage, and we can’t delay it any longer. But Xu Zhimo's father did not agree with this marriage. Since he wanted to get married, he put forward several conditions: first, come to Zhejiang after getting married. Live your life peacefully. He was not satisfied with this daughter-in-law. He likes Zhang Youyi and dislikes Lu Xiaoman, saying that Zhang Youyi makes money and Lu Xiaoman spends money. The second condition made Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman very nervous. Xu's father said that Liang Qichao must be the witness. But Liang Qichao was opposed to it, so how could he be a witness to the marriage? Therefore, it was difficult to do work, so Xu Zhimo had to go to his good friend Hu Shi (a pioneer of the May 4th Movement, a professor at Peking University, and a student studying in the United States) to ask Hu Shi to do work, and Liang Qichao agreed to witness the marriage. . Liang Qichao was the witness and Hu Shi was the introducer. The witness had to speak at the wedding, but Xu Zhimo didn't know what his teacher was going to say. On their wedding day, when they saw Liang Qichao coming up to speak, the couple was sweating profusely and their legs were shaking. But what did Liang Qichao say about his disciples and Lu Xiaoman? The congratulatory message is as follows (first directed at Xu Zhimo): Xu Zhimo, you are an impetuous person, so you have no achievements in knowledge; you are not professional in love, and you will divorce and remarry. In the future, you must change your past mistakes and start a new life. Then he said to the newlyweds: You are both divorced, and you always want to get married. You are all unprofessional. You must repent in the future. I wish you will get married for the last time (this sentence is very intimidating). , Liang Qichao was too famous, so after Xu Zhimo died, Lu Xiaoman did not dare to get married again).
In 1929, Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman got married. After their marriage, they returned to Zhejiang. Xu's father built a house for them to live in. However, their homes were confiscated during the Northern Expedition, and they all went to Shanghai. After Xu Zhimo returned to China, he organized the Crescent Society with Chen Xiying, Hu Shi and others in 1923, and the Crescent Poetry School emerged. Later, Wen Yiduo joined the Crescent Society after returning from studying in the United States. In 1926, Xu Zhimo created the morning supplement "Poetry" in Shanghai, which became the main position of the Crescent Poetry School, publishing poems and other works. Among them, Wen Yiduo published an article "The Rhythm of Poetry" advocating the "Three Beauties". Xu Zhimo agreed, and the two of them created through their own poems. Carry out practice and practice the "Three Beauties" theory.
After getting married, the relationship between Xu Zhimo and Lu Xiaoman was not as good as Xu Zhimo imagined, because Lu Xiaoman was in poor health and later smoked opium to relieve pain, and finally became addicted. In addition, she liked to go out. So he spent a lot of money on dance halls, karaoke halls, and theaters. Xu Zhimo wrote poems, but the manuscript fee was not enough, so he had to take part-time courses at the university. He was introduced by Hu Shi to teach in Beijing. He flew around and transformed according to his own ideals, love, beauty, and freedom. But he was disappointed. Under the situation in Shanghai, not only was Lu Xiaoman deeply trapped, but he would probably also fall into depravity if he stayed there any longer. He repeatedly advised Lu Xiaoman to go to Beijing. He taught at Peking University and Beijing Women's Normal University and spent all the money he earned They all gave it to Lu Xiaoman (because she spent too much), but she still couldn't afford it. So Lu Xiaoman always sent telegrams to urge Xu Zhimo: "Come back quickly, the debt is high, come back and pay off the debt..." In 1931, Xu Zhimo was teaching in Beijing, and Lu Xiaoman sent another telegram saying that his family had no money, so he had to Rush back. In fact, they all love each other. Lu Xiaoman is most opposed to Xu Zhimo flying, but Xu Zhimo likes flying. He feels that flying around in the sky is romantic. Lu Xiaoman was worried about his safety, but Xu Zhimo was still disobedient this time. He did not take the train when he came back from Beijing. Instead, he took Zhang Xueliang's special plane (Zhang Xueliang was going to Nanjing for business) from Beijing to Nanjing, and then took the train back. When they got home, they quarreled. One said: "Why don't you go to Beijing? It will make me travel in two places, and the environment in Shanghai is not good." Lu Xiaoman never listened. She felt that Shanghai was the most suitable for her socialites, and thought Shanghai was better than Beijing. She also said: "Xu Xiaoman "Zhimo, you took the plane again, and you were not allowed to sit on it, so you took it back." So Xu Zhimo was very unhappy and visited Yang Xingfo and Pearl Buck (who wrote for "The Chinese") and wanted to take Zhang Xueliang's plane back to Beijing, but. Because Zhang Xueliang hadn't finished his work, it didn't work out. Because he had many friends, he got a monthly plane ticket and took a postal flight from Shanghai to Xuzhou. This was a headache for him and he wanted to go back, but because Lin Huiyin was going to give a lecture at Peking University about ancient Chinese classical architecture, he wanted to listen, and he had made an appointment with Liang Sicheng. Lin Huiyin greeted him at the airport, so he had to cheer in Xuzhou and insisted on leaving. , but when we arrived at Dangjia Mountain in Jinan, we encountered clouds and fog, and the plane crashed into the mountain, causing the plane to crash and killing everyone.
After his death, many famous people went there, such as Liang Qichao, Hu Shi, Yu Dafu, Shen Congwen, not to mention Lin Huiyin and his wife. Several women here were disappointed. Zhang Youyi did not get married after the divorce, etc. He changed his mind; Lin Huiyin picked up a piece of debris at the accident scene and hung it in her room until her death in 1954, which showed that she still loved Xu Zhimo in her heart; the third one was Lu Xiaoman, she knew about Xu Zhimo's death, and she had Responsible, she later quit opium and organized Xu Zhimo's writings, poems, etc.; then Pearl Buck secretly liked Xu Zhimo, but Xu Zhimo didn't care about it, and it came to an end. This stage is related to the realization of ideals.
The third collection of poems, "Tiger Collection", was published in August 1931. His poems show that the pursuit of ideals has begun to despair. Why? The Great Revolution of 1927 failed because of many things, and Xu Zhimo was dissatisfied with many of them. The bourgeois ideology is such that it cannot realize its ideals. He wrote a poem - "Life", which expresses despair. There is also a poem opposite to "The Joy of Snowflakes" called "Don't pinch me, it hurts!" 》. Conflict once criticized him, saying that "it should be regarded as a pale yellow poem" and treating nausea as interesting, which shows his emptiness and decadence, leading to malaise. The above is an introduction to ideological creation. Let's talk about how lyrical "Farewell Cambridge" is and what kind of emotions it expresses?
2. Soft and distant artistic conception, fresh and elegant style
"Farewell Cambridge" is a lyrical poem that describes the scenery. What does it express? Three sentences summary: It is a feeling of nostalgia, a feeling of farewell and a sentimental feeling after the disillusionment of ideals. Meaning is subjective thoughts and feelings; scenery is the objective scenery described in the poem. What is artistic conception? It is the perfect fusion of the character's subjective thoughts and emotions and the objective scenery, and forms an artistic picture with individual color, which is called artistic conception. Of course, when we appreciate Xu Zhimo's poems, we need to mobilize our accumulation of life and knowledge, just like appreciating other poems. Then we will talk about this poem step by step.
"Farewell Cambridge" is a lyrical poem describing a scene. What does it express? Three sentences summary: It is a feeling of nostalgia, a feeling of farewell and a sentimental feeling after the disillusionment of ideals. Meaning is subjective thoughts and feelings; scenery is the objective scenery described in the poem. What is artistic conception? It is the perfect fusion of the character's subjective thoughts and emotions and the objective scenery, and forms an artistic picture with individual color, which is called artistic conception. Of course, when we appreciate Xu Zhimo's poems, we need to mobilize our accumulation of life and knowledge, just like appreciating other poems. Then we will talk about this poem step by step.
"Gently I left, just as I came gently, I gently waved goodbye to the clouds in the western sky" If this poem is analyzed, it can be summarized in a few sentences: soothing rhythm, Light movements, lingering affection, and at the same time a touch of sadness. Also, I would like to add a sentence, bidding farewell to the clouds in the western sky. The colorful clouds in the western sky give us an impression, which sets a brilliant color for the subsequent description. The entire scenery is illuminated by the setting sun. So summarizing it in this sentence sets a tone for the poem.
"The golden willows by the river are the bride in the sunset, and the beautiful shadows in the waves are rippling in my heart." This poem actually describes the beauty of the Cam River. At the same time, the willow trees are in the ancient poems. "Liu" - "Liu", leaving has the meaning of saying goodbye. It left a deep impression on the poet. How much concern is expressed in "rippling in my heart" is very vivid. Of course, his technique is a metaphor (personification, imitation of things), which is combined with the third sentence, "The green banana plants on the soft mud are swaying oilily under the water; in the soft waves of Cambridge, I am willing to be "A piece of waterweed", this poem highlights the tranquility and freedom of the Cam River. Freedom and beauty are what Xu Zhimo pursues. At the same time, it shows a kind of love, and the water plants seem to welcome the poet's arrival. Thirdly, I think it is not completely divorced from the artistic conception of Chinese poetry. It has something in common with ancient Chinese poetry, that is, the unity of things and myself. The second sentence is to change the guest into the host, and the third sentence is to change the host into the guest, so that the two phases blend together and the object and I will be unforgettable. These two poems just show the close relationship between Xu Zhimo and Kang Qiao. These are the three aspects we talked about earlier: determining the ideal, entering the poetry world, and expressing one's emotions in the wonderful scenery. The three are closely linked and express one's feelings through specific images. When we appreciate poetry, we also start from the image and gradually accept the poet's soul. The fourth stanza is the turning point, "The pool under the elm's shade is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky, crushed in the impetuosity, precipitating rainbow-like dreams:". This poem uses the technique of combining virtual and real, "real" is In the description of the scenery, "virtual" is the use of symbolic techniques. A pool of water is very clear, and the glow of the sun is reflected, "it is not a clear spring, but a rainbow in the sky." A piece of red light is a realistic depiction. However, there are a lot of algae floating on the pool. , blocking part of the glow, fragmented, some red, some green, like soft water, very vivid. This "rubbing" is very well written, and it is also the disillusionment of our own dreams. So what does this dream cause us? How does it feel? This reminds me of a poem written by Mr. Wen Yiduo when he commemorated the death of his eldest daughter. He used a metaphor "like a dream in summer, like a bell in a dream". Everyone knows that dreams Beautiful, melodious, but short-lived, so the rainbow-like dream seemed beautiful and short-lived. In 1927, his dream was shattered, and he was at odds with Lu Xiaoman, and he was very depressed.
Fifth. Festival, since we are talking about dreams, then this time we come to Cambridge and our alma mater, are we here to pursue dreams? Take a punt and row slowly toward where the grass is greener, load a boat full of stars, and sing songs in the dazzling starlight. "This poem is Xu Zhimo's memories and nostalgia for his past life. The two years he lived in Kangqiao were leisurely and leisurely. He had his own ideals at that time, his life was fulfilling, and he had hope for tomorrow. Therefore, he used " "A boat of stars" is used to describe life at that time, with a symbolic meaning.
The third line of the best poem. The past has become history, and returning to reality is still sad, so" Quietness is the sound of farewell, the summer insects are silent for me, silence is tonight's Cambridge. "This poem is the climax of emotion, fully expressing Xu Zhimo's feelings for Kangqiao, and focusing on the melancholy of parting.
This poem needs to be understood in conjunction with other poems, including ancient poems. "Quietness is the departure of Sheng Xiao" is a metaphor. For example, Su Shi's "Qian Chibi Fu" describes that the sound of Xiao is low and sad, while the sound of flute is joyful, so "Xiao" is used as a metaphor for "quietly" to illustrate the poet's state of mind. Therefore, the action of "quietly" brings There is the feeling of a poet, and then "The summer insects are silent for me too, silence is tonight's Cambridge." Poetry pays attention to conciseness, why do you repeat "silence", "quietly" and "gently" again and again? This is not a waste of words, but is precisely his point.
In fact, "silence" is a person's deepest emotion. For example, the sentence in Liu Yong's "Yulin Ling" "holding hands and looking into the tears, but speechless and choked", and another example is Su Shi's poem "Jiang Chengzi" "Ten years of life and death are boundless", he recalled the death of his wife Wang Fu Ten years later, I recalled that when they met, they "looked at each other without words, and could only shed a thousand tears." "Silence is better than sound here", as well as Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling": "The old friend bids farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks descend from Yangzhou in March" using contrast techniques, the spring is bright and white flowers are in full bloom in March, but it is a pity that my friend Want to leave me. For example, "I feel the flowers splashing with tears when I feel the time, and I hate the other birds and startle my heart." The next two sentences are "The shadow of the solitary sail in the distance is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen flowing in the sky." "Not a word, but all the romance" is often used to evaluate poetry. It means that the poem does not talk about sorrow, but expresses sorrow most appropriately. Watching friends go away and standing alone for a long time expresses the depth of emotion. As Wang Wei said, "All scenery language is emotion language" and "describing scenery is expressing emotion". Therefore, "Only the Yangtze River flows across the sky" can arouse a lot of our daydreams. Another example is Li Yu's "Asking you how much sorrow you can have, just like a river of spring water flowing eastward." Poems that can make us think of each other are good poems. All these tell us that appreciating poetry requires mobilizing our accumulation of knowledge. Images and similar poems can be generated in our minds, and we can use this to understand new poems. Good writing is the refinement and sublimation of the poet's life experience. In other words, we can reach the poet's soul through the bridge of life. For example, would students who have just left their parents feel more comfortable reading "Farewell Cambridge"? Why is "feeling deepest in silence"? Like examples in life, when the deepest feelings are expressed, the plane and ship have already departed, but the people seeing off the farewell stand still and thoughtfully. Combined with the sentence "Silence is Cambridge tonight", if Cambridge is like this, how can the poet be embarrassed? It actually reflects the poet's deep feelings for Cambridge. Therefore, "quietly" carries the poet's subjective feelings.
The seventh sentence "I left quietly, just as I came quietly, waving my sleeves and not taking away a single cloud." I think "clouds" have symbolic meaning and represent rainbow-like dreams. , it is reflected in the water, but does not take it away, so saying goodbye to Cambridge is not saying goodbye to his alma mater, but saying goodbye to the Cambridge culture that brought the greatest change to his life, and saying goodbye to the ideals of Cambridge. The above is the in-depth understanding of this poem.
To put it roughly, the poem "Farewell Cambridge" fully embodies the "three beauties" of the old and new schools of poetry, namely the beauty of painting, the beauty of architecture, and the beauty of music. Musical beauty is what Xu Zhimo emphasizes most. The first and last sentences are repeated to enhance the sense of rhythm, and the words in them are overlapping, such as "quietly", "gently", "silent", and each sentence Poems change rhymes because emotions change, so they don't all rhyme to the end. Then there is the sound ruler, "Gently I leave", three-character ruler, one-character ruler, two-character ruler, which is in line with Xu Zhimo's lively and active character, and then the rhyme. The so-called architectural beauty is that the first and third lines of poetry are arranged in the front, the second and fourth lines of poetry are arranged in low grids, and the empty grids are staggered, and the architecture changes; furthermore, the first and third lines are shorter, and the second and fourth lines are longer, showing visual beauty. , music is auditory, painting is visual, visual beauty and auditory beauty are integrated, and only when you read it will you feel good. When it comes to the beauty of painting, it is also the beauty of words. Images such as "golden willow", "soft wave", "star glow", "soft mud" and "green water chestnut" are colorful, dynamic and soft.
The combination of these three, Xu Zhimo pursues "seeking changes in the whole, seeking differences in the differences", showing the characteristics and personality like the crescent moon, so I summarize it as: soft and resentful artistic conception, fresh and elegant style.
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