About rhinitis (allergy)

The most fundamental health care measure for allergic rhinitis is to understand the substances that cause allergies, that is, allergens, and try to avoid them.

When symptoms mainly occur outdoors, outdoor activities should be restricted as much as possible, especially contact with flowers and plants or rotten leaves, as well as fruit hairs on catkins and paulownia. You can wear a mask when you go out, or go to the seaside with few allergens.

When symptoms mainly occur indoors, you can pay attention to the following points:

1. Pay attention to the details of life and reduce the details of allergic reactions.

Substances that cause allergic symptoms are called allergens, which can be found outdoors (usually seasonal allergens) and indoors (usually perennial allergens). The following 10 points can help you reduce such allergens. In addition, we should also pay attention to reducing the occurrence of mold and mildew. Because cockroach excrement and animal dander are the most common allergens, you should also pay attention to eliminating cockroaches and dealing with pets and small animals.

Details of life:

1. Close the window of the car or room in the season with more pollen or dust;

2. Remove allergens, including pets, cigarettes and even suspicious flowers or furniture;

3. Use an air conditioner with air purification and filtration function to remove pollen (but not necessarily filter dust);

4. Temperature regulator can be used to reduce the indoor humidity, and it is best to reduce the air humidity below 50%.

5. Repair damp basements, vents and bathrooms, and remove flowers and plants indoors or on the balcony;

6. Keep the room clean and dust-free to reduce allergens, and often use a vacuum cleaner to clean it);

7. Use non-allergenic sheets and bedding in the bedroom, such as mattresses and pillows with good sealing and sheets and pillows with good elasticity. And wash sheets and pillows with hot water every week; And be careful not to dry quilts and sheets outdoors, because mold and pollen will stick to the quilt;

8. Use wooden boards, floor tiles, etc. Not carpets, especially carpets fixed on the floor should be removed. Don't plant flowers and plants that need constant watering, because wet soil is conducive to the growth of mold.

9. Put away your little things, such as books, recording boxes, CDs, compact discs, long-haired animal toys, etc., which are easy to get dusty and cause allergies.

10. Don't take too much medicine to relieve symptoms; If you have acid reflux, you can pay attention not to eat and pillow before going to bed, and take antacids under the guidance of a doctor.

2. Control the occurrence of indoor mold and mildew; Mould can release spores and cause allergic symptoms, which are widely found in every corner of people's lives, especially in humid environments, such as basements and bathrooms. The common sources of mold include household humidifiers, bathtubs, wet blankets, shower rooms, flowers, old newspapers, garbage bins and so on.

1. Clean with bleaching powder, and clean the above toilets and garbage bins with bleaching powder or other cleaning agents.

2. If the clothes are moldy, throw them away as soon as possible, or dispose of them as appropriate to remove the mold.

3, keep dry, carpet should pay attention to moistureproof, and keep books and newspapers clothes dry and ventilated, and food should be kept reasonably to prevent mildew.

4. It is best not to keep shade-loving plants that often need watering in rooms and balconies. There may be a lot of mold hidden in wet soil.

5, completely kill cockroaches and other pests; Cockroaches have existed for more than 300 million years, most of which grow in warm and humid environment and are ubiquitous in offices and family rooms. Cockroaches are not only a nuisance to others, but also protein in their excrement is an important substance that causes allergic rhinitis and asthma, especially for children living in crowded rooms and cities.

6. Stay away from pets.

Patients with allergic rhinitis had better not touch and feed their pets. Contrary to general understanding, animal hair does not cause allergies, while protein in animal dander, saliva and urine easily causes allergic symptoms. At this time, the invisible protein can enter people's eyes or lungs and nasal cavity through the air. A cat or dog produces a lot of allergic substances every week. Because cats and dogs can produce dander, so:

For allergic patients, the best way is not to contact or contact as little as possible.

If you must keep a pet, you'd better spend some time with other small animals to determine whether you are allergic to it, or feed animals without fur, such as turtles and fish.

③ Wash the animals regularly, and ask people without allergic diseases to bathe them.

④ Clean the cages of animals. Allergens may exist in the cages of animals, even after the animals have moved away for several months.

Commonly used drugs:

1. antihistamines

Chlorpheniramine orally, 4 mg, three times a day. You can also take cyproheptadine, cyproheptadine and other drugs orally.

2. Steroid hormones

Prednisone 5 mg orally, three times a day. Long-term use of this medicine can cause metabolic disorder of water, salt, sugar and protein, so it should be taken under the guidance of a doctor.

3. External nasal drops

1% ephedrine nasal drops and 0.5% cortisone eye drops nasal drops.

Drug treatment can reduce the reaction to allergens and inhibit inflammatory reaction, but the time of drug treatment should not exceed 7 days. Long-term use will cause drug-induced rhinitis and make the condition more complicated. Another kind of laser and microwave therapy used in clinic is to cauterize the turbinate and mucosal tissue at high temperature, which has great damage to the surface mucosa of turbinate, has certain influence on the normal function of nasal mucosa, and has serious postoperative reaction.

At present, plasma cryoablation under nasal endoscope is mainly used to selectively block the anterior ethmoidal nerve and pterygoid nerve in clinic to reduce the excitability of nasal parasympathetic nerve and eliminate the sensitivity of nerve in allergic area to various external stimuli, such as climate, dust and pollen. Allergic rhinitis can be cured naturally and is not easy to recur.

The following is about surgical treatment!

Surgical treatment: drug therapy can have a good therapeutic effect on mild allergic rhinitis, but it is not ideal for severe allergic rhinitis; Severe allergic rhinitis can be treated by surgery, such as laser, microwave or plasma ablation. Plasma ablation is the latest clinical technology in 2 1 century, which has obvious curative effect on allergic rhinitis, especially severe allergic rhinitis. Due to little damage to mucosa and no obvious side effects, the clinical significance of plasma ablation has been paid attention to, and it can be used as the best choice to replace laser and microwave in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The domestic hospitals carrying out this treatment are: Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Nanjing 8/KLOC-0 Hospital, Beijing 304 Hospital, Dalian Medical College Affiliated Hospital, etc. The operation is simple, the curative effect is remarkable, the recurrence rate is low, and the treatment time is short. It can effectively relieve nasal congestion and obviously relieve allergic symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose.