The Teaching Design of Cicada (He)

Cicada is an expository article in Unit 5 of the first volume of Grade 8, which is selected from Fabres's Insect, and it is also the second masterpiece required to be read in this semester's textbook. The text introduces the life habits and life course of cicada, with specific content and clear thinking. The article "has plot and description", and the language is lively, which is a literary exposition. At the same time, this text is also a self-reading text. The unit goal requires students to master the characteristics of the object and language, master the reading method of the text, enhance the order and rigor of thinking, and stimulate the interest in scientific exploration. Therefore, in teaching, we should stimulate students' interest in independent inquiry, pay attention to the characteristics of explanation language and explanation sequence, and feel Fabres's scientific spirit and his respect and love for life through reading.

Analysis of learning situation:

After learning the first three texts of this unit, the eighth-grade students have a certain understanding of the basic elements of expository writing learning and have great enthusiasm and interest in expository writing learning. But at the same time, we don't fully grasp its reading methods and writing characteristics, so we need to give guidance in these two aspects.

Teaching objectives:

1. Understand the characteristics and habits of cicadas.

2. Clarify the order of explanation, and realize the characteristics of paying equal attention to science and literature.

3. Understand the author's feelings about insects and feel the scientific spirit contained in the article.

Emphasis and difficulty: to clarify the order of interpretation and realize the characteristics of both scientific and literary articles.

Text type: subject text

Class hours: 1 class hour

Teaching methods: situational method and comparative reading.

Teaching AIDS: multimedia

Teaching process:

First, situational introduction

(Showing pictures of street scenes in summer)

In hot summer, the sun scorches the earth and the air is dry and hot. There is always such a cry under the buttonwood trees on both sides of the road ...

What's that noise?

Default: cicada, cicada.

(Showing pictures of cicadas) We are no strangers to cicadas. We can hear them every summer. What does a cicada look like in your eyes?

Default: noisy, noisy, annoying and scary. Cicada is a pest.

This is a cicada in the eyes of students. Everyone seems to dislike cicadas. So, does cicada have a lovely side?

Of course there is.

PPT: Show pictures of waste stone garden and Fabres.

In France, there was a great entomologist and writer-Fabres, who discovered the unknown side of cicada. He is particularly fond of insects. In a place called Waste Stone Garden, he devoted himself to the observation and experiment of insects and made unremitting efforts. It took nearly 30 years to complete an incredible masterpiece "Insect Story". This book is called "the epic of insects" by the world. He himself is also known as "Homer in the insect world" and "an imitative observer" (in Darwinian).

So, what about Fabres's Cicada? Today, let's explore with the text. After today's study, maybe you will have a new understanding of cicadas.

Design intention: situational introduction, by playing the sound of cicadas, arouse students' life accumulation, talk about their own impressions of cicadas, and then introduce Fabers and insects to stimulate students' interest in reading and enter the study of the text.

Second, the impression of cicada

When reading the self-reading text, we should pay special attention to the side marks and reading tips of the text. Reading tips remind us:

PPT demonstration:

"This article has a plot and description, and it reads more like a short story. It is a literary exposition. "

Let's read the text silently first.

PPT demonstration:

Read the text silently, browse the full text, and combine with the description of cicada in the text, try to speak with the sentence "I found cicada (very) _ _ _ _ _ _ _" and tell your impression of cicada.

Default value:

Cicada likes to bask in the sun and dry places.

Cicada is noisy because it "has occupied the tree in front of my door since the beginning of July"

Cicada is very clever. It "works like a miner or a railway engineer". It will use a very viscous liquid hidden in the body to make plaster, making the tunnel stronger.

Cicada is very hardworking. It "works for weeks, even months, making a circle of firmly painted walls so as to be suitable for climbing up and down ..."

Cicada is very cautious. "If it estimates that there is rain or storm outside-this is a very important thing when the delicate larvae shed their skins-it carefully slips under the warm and tight tunnel.

Cicada is very cute. "Before the larvae go ashore, they sunbathe here, kick their legs and try their muscles, but sometimes they sway lazily at the end of the rope."

Cicada is very fragile (weak). Its larvae "fall to the ground, and small animals as big as fleas dangle on the rope to prevent them from falling on the hard ground". "As long as there is a little wind, they can blow on hard rocks, rutted sewage or barren yellow sand ..."

Cicada is very cold. In the face of the destruction of cicada eggs by gnats, it is not that its eyes can't see these terrible enemies and stand by with malice, but that cicadas are indifferent and choose to "sacrifice themselves." This is the instinct of cicadas.

Cicada is very pitiful. Cicada lived underground for about four years before coming to the ground, but only sang in the sun for five weeks.

……

Summary: Cicada is so cute, smart, hardworking and hardworking in Fabers' works that we can't help feeling the magic of this little insect.

Mr. Lu Xun once called The Story of Insects a model of "telling the story of insects" and "telling the life of insects". What is the life of cicada? What's its story? Let us know the life course of cicada and read the story of cicada.

Design intention: By focusing on the introduction and description of cicada in the article, let students speak freely and have a basic understanding of cicada's life habits and characteristics in combination with the details of the article. Then think about how Fabres brought the habits of cicadas to life.

Third, the story of cicada.

1. Cooperative exploration

Cicada has a long life course, and its life is full of hardships and expectations.

PPT:

If we are going to make a documentary about cicadas, how do you plan to design the plot? Tell me why you designed it this way.

Suggestion: (1) Think about how the story begins and ends; (2) We can design the plots in a variety of ways and give each episode a nice name in the form of a subtitle; (3) Pay attention to the choice of shooting location; (4) Briefly introduce the plot of each episode. ?

Work in groups and choose spokespersons to state the plot design and conception basis of the documentary.

Default value:

Design 1

Basis: Shooting according to the growth process of insects.

1 Adults lay eggs and natural enemies are eliminated.

Cicada eggs hatch and larvae hatch.

The larvae fall to the ground, looking for a hiding place.

Go underground and lurk for several years.

5 larvae come out of the hole, molt and take off.

Design 2

Design according to the content of the text.

1 cicada's crypt corresponds to the natural paragraph of the text 1~7, mainly shooting cicada's crypt and cicada's tunnel.

2 molting and eclosion corresponds to the natural paragraph of the text 8~ 1 1, mainly shooting the process of cicada larvae molting into adults.

The song is loud and clear, corresponding to the natural paragraph of the text 12~ 13. Mainly shooting cicadas on trees in summer. The sun is high and the trees are shaded. In the lush forest, you can hear voices one after another, whether in cities or mountainous areas. Cicada sings loudly. In the sun, adult cicadas lay eggs on twigs of tree trunks.

4? A new life? The natural paragraphs corresponding to the text 14~24 mainly shoot the destruction of cicada eggs by their natural enemies. After hatching, cicada eggs begin to sway on the branches like fish-shaped larvae. The larvae fell to the ground, burrowed into the ground and began a long dormancy. ...

PPT:

2. Discussion: Which scene do you think is a good place to start the introduction?

Follow-up: Why did the author write like this?

Students discuss in groups.

Clear:

Generally speaking, the writing of expository articles will focus on the growth process of insects, but this article breaks the routine and does not play cards according to common sense. The author first introduced cicada to us in a specific background (summer), described the growth process of cicada from larva to adult, and then described its process from spawning to larva, which is very similar to the sequence of flashback.

This article highlights the author's thoughts and feelings. When the author writes about cicadas, what he wants to highlight is their perseverance. It has to live underground for four years or more ("work hard in the dark for four years"), but it can only enjoy it in the sun for one month). This strong contrast brought a strong shock to the author's mind and expressed his admiration and praise for cicada. So the final destination is cicada larvae.

No matter how it is designed, it reminds us that the order of interpretation should be clear, reasonable and appropriate.

3. Watch the documentary Seventeen Years of Cicada.

Design intention: By designing the plot of the documentary, let students know the life course of cicada and think about what is special about the explanation order of this article. Sort out the explanation order of the article. Establish a sense of order when writing expository articles.

Fourth, it is more interesting than reading.

PPT demonstration:

Mr. Zhou Zuoren believes that reading Insects is "more interesting and meaningful than reading those boring novels and plays".

1. Thinking and exploration: So, what very interesting methods did the author use to introduce cicadas?

Clarity: the application of anthropomorphic technology.

Cicada's cry is noisy. "It has its rules, and it's not quiet here anyway." The statement of "regularity" is very vivid, and it is anthropomorphic, which shows that cicadas are really loud. Make the language of the article look lively.

Writing cicadas is very clever and metaphorical. "It works like a miner or a railway engineer" and paints the walls of the tunnel.

When writing cicada molting, the author describes it through a series of actions, and uses verbs such as "prancing", "flipping" and "upside down" to express the specific process of cicada molting.

This paper describes the posture of cicada larvae before landing, and vividly describes the cuteness of cicada larvae by anthropomorphic techniques, such as "sunbathing", "kicking", "testing muscle strength" and "lazy".

Conclusion: The application of personification can endow living things with human thoughts and behaviors, write animals or plants into adults, and make the writing lively.

For example, Qiao Juan's voles don't hibernate uses personification to make the life of voles humorous. Students can do extended reading after class.

Transition: The Insect Story is known as "the epic of insects" and "the perfect combination of science and poetry". Is that so?

2. Compare reading words

? We try to feel it by comparing reading together. Similarly, write about the emergence and molting of cicada larvae. Let's take a look at the introduction of Baidu Encyclopedia.

PPT demonstration:

When it is about to emerge, drill out of the ground at dusk and night, climb to the tree, and then grab the bark to shed its skin and emerge. When a black crack appears on the back of the cicada pupa, the molting process begins. The head came out first, and then the green body and wrinkled wings were revealed. Stop for a minute with hardened wings and deepened colors, and start to take off.

-Excerpted from Baidu Encyclopedia

Reading and Thinking: What is described in the article?

Corresponding to paragraph 8~ 1 1 of the text.

When cicada larvae first appear on the ground, they often wander around nearby, looking for a suitable place-a small dwarf tree, a bunch of thyme, a weed leaf, or a shrub branch-to shed their skin. Climb up when you find it, hold it tightly with your front paws and don't move at all.

So its skin began to crack from its back, revealing a light green cicada body inside. The head comes out first, then the straw and front legs, and finally the hind legs and folded wings. At this time, the tail was removed and everyone came out.

Then, it performed a strange gymnastics. Jump and turn around in the air, hang your head upside down, straighten your wrinkled wings and try to open them. Then with an almost invisible movement, try to turn it up and hook its empty skin with its front paws. This action disengages the tail end from the shell. The whole process takes about half an hour.

This cicada, which has just been released, is not very strong in the short term. Before its weak body has energy and beautiful colors, it must be bathed in sunshine and air. Hanging on the shell with front paws, swaying in the breeze, still fragile and green. It was not until it turned brown that it was as strong as an ordinary cicada. Suppose it occupies the branches at 9: 00 in the morning and will not leave the skin until about 12: 30. Empty shells hang on branches, sometimes for a month or two.

3. Discussion: Tell me which one you like better and why by reading.

Default value:

Fabers. Fabres's introduction is rich in content, accurate, plain, vivid, humorous and easy to understand.

Simple and accurate: "but before it came to the ground, we knew the time of underground life, about four years."

Lively and lively is reflected in: "Before the larvae land, they bask in the sun, kick their legs and try their muscles here, but sometimes they will lazily sway at the end of the rope."

Between the lines reveals the author's pity and praise for cicada. ?

4. Thinking and exploration: Why can the author write the story of cicada very interesting?

Clear:

(1) Because he is observant and meticulous. Fabres respects the individual life of insects.

Fabres's method of studying insects is quite different from that of contemporary entomologists. Let's listen to his opinion.

Information link:

"You are the internal organs of insects, and I am in the case that they are alive; You turn insects into a bunch of horrible and poor things, and I make people like me; You work in torture room and the morgue, and I observe the cicada singing under the blue sky; You use reagents to test beehives and protoplasm, but I am the highest expression of research instinct; You are exploring death, but I am exploring life! "

"Before I say yes to something, I must observe and touch it, not once, but twice or three times, even endlessly, until there is no doubt."

? -Fabers

(2) Fabres used many methods of explanation, such as example, imitation, metaphor and comparison. Find out the relevant sentences and read them.

Default value:

Write the crypt of cicada, compare cicada with Jin Qiang, write the difference between cicada's nest and other ground-digging insects, and highlight the characteristics of cicada's nest without soil.

Writing cicadas is very clever, and comparing cicadas to miners or engineers vividly illustrates cicadas' intelligence and ability.

Description, as well as imitation, specifically and accurately describes the process of cicada breaking out of its shell in a close-up way. It vividly presents a strange scientific phenomenon.

Column number, "small hole into a narrow road, one by one. There are about ten eggs in a small hole, so the total number of eggs is about three or four hundred. " The number of eggs laid by cicadas is explained concretely and accurately.

He likes insects very much.

Before the larvae go ashore, they bask in the sun, kick their legs and try their muscles, but sometimes they slouch around at the end of the rope. These words are lively, revealing the author's love for cicadas between the lines.

"Working hard in the dark for four years and enjoying in the sun for one month, this is the life of cicada", expressing admiration and praise for cicada.

Summary: It can be seen that to do a good job, you must love it from the heart. Just like "The waves behind push the waves before", "What you love is your life". We should learn from Fabres's unique way of explaining things and his tireless, rigorous and realistic scientific spirit.

Design intention: By comparing Baidu Encyclopedia and Fables' different introductions to cicadas, guide students to cooperate in groups and explore independently, explore the reasons why Fables tells insect stories vividly and interestingly, and feel Fables' love and persistent spirit for science.

V. New understanding of cicada

After reading these, I believe you have learned a lot about the life course of cicada. Throughout the ages, cicadas have brought life thoughts to many philosophers and poets. Let's read Cicada by Xiao Si, a Hong Kong writer, and feel the thoughts brought by Cicada.

Students read the materials distributed in advance:

cicada

Xiao Si

This year, cicadas sing very early. Before the azaleas dispersed, I heard the intermittent cicada singing. In recent months, cicadas outside the window have become more learned and annoying.

One day, a sick cicada was found under a tree. Its transparent wings converged, and its body trembled slightly, making no sound. It's just a little thing that lives in a tree all the time. Such a small voice is so loud that it resounds all summer! I once asked: Why bother? It was just a summer! The friend said, Do you know? It waited 17 years, just to wait for a summer. Only this summer does it come out of the soil and grow out of the larvae. When the autumn wind blows, its life is over.

17 years, I was buried in the soil and spent a summer. Why? The friend said: that is the original life course. For the continuation of life, it must live well. No matter 90 years, you should live for 90 days.

This is the meaning of cicada's life!

In the sunset, think of the color of autumn wind, and forgive the annoying bell!

Students are free to talk about their reading experience.

Class summary: Cicada's life is short, but its life significance is great. Both Fabres and Xiao Si guide us to constantly think and explore the meaning of life. We should, like cicadas, "accumulate wealth and thin hair", cultivate perseverance, love life and sing bravely for life.

Design Intention: By reading Xiao Si's Cicada, students can think more deeply about the meaning of cicada's life and get beneficial enlightenment.

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