What are the adverse reactions of cephalosporins?

Clinically, cephalosporin antibiotics have the following common adverse reactions:

(1) allergic reaction. Cephalosporin can cause rash, urticaria, asthma, drug fever, serous reaction, angioneurotic edema, anaphylactic shock and other adverse reactions. Anaphylactic shock of cephalosporin is similar to penicillin shock. There is an incomplete cross-allergic reaction between the two drugs. Therefore, people who are allergic to penicillin and allergic constitution should use it with caution. Some products need skin test before use, please follow the instructions.

(2) Gastrointestinal reaction and flora imbalance. Most cephalosporins can cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Cephalosporin has a strong inhibitory effect on intestinal flora. Long-term or high-dose use of cephalosporins will cause flora imbalance and lead to vitamin B and K deficiency. In addition, it can also cause double infections, such as pseudomembranous enteritis and candida infection, especially the second and third generation cephalosporins.

(3) hepatotoxicity. High dose application of most cephalosporins can lead to the increase of transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin.

(4) Hematopoietic system toxicity. Cephalosporins can cause erythropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia.

(5) Renal damage. Most cephalosporins are excreted by the kidney, which may occasionally cause blood urea ammonia, serum creatinine increase, oliguria, proteinuria and so on. Among them, the renal damage of cefotaxime is the most obvious. Cephalosporins combined with high-efficiency diuretics or aminoglycoside antibiotics can obviously aggravate renal damage.

(6) Coagulation dysfunction. Cephalosporins can inhibit the production of vitamin K by intestinal flora and hinder the coagulation mechanism, so they have potential bleeding effect. The occurrence of coagulation dysfunction is directly related to the dosage of cephalosporins and the length of treatment.

(7) When combined with ethanol, it produces a reaction similar to "dithizone". Dithiophene can inhibit acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and make the accumulation of acetaldehyde in drinkers have an unpleasant reaction, so it can be used for abstinence. Cephalosporins containing methyltetrazole groups have dithizone-like effects. When combined with ethanol (drinking or contacting alcohol, etc. ), it will also cause acetaldehyde to accumulate in the body and be "drunk".