Tell me about the ancient thinkers in China. What did they advocate?

Stefanie (? -Top 500), a famous baby, with a flat word, was born in the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period.

On the relationship between monarch and minister, he put forward the viewpoint of harmony but difference, that is, the monarch and minister complement each other and learn from each other's strengths, rather than blindly echoing.

He is an atheist, believes in the power of the people, and thinks that rulers should love the people and govern the country with the idea of "people-oriented".

Laozi (580- 500), surnamed Li Minger, was a native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The founder of the Taoist school.

In his later years, with the decline of the Zhou Dynasty, Lao Tzu abandoned his official position and retired, and wrote the classic Tao Te Ching, stating the moral meaning. It is believed that Tao is innate and cyclical; Virtue is produced by Tao, which is the concrete expression of Tao, and its ideological discussion is mysterious. He also used the dialectical relationship of morality to dialectical the existence of all things. Based on this understanding, he put forward the ideas of "doing nothing and being natural" and "governing by doing nothing".

Confucius (55 BC1-479) was born in the State of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The founder of the Confucian school.

He put forward the political proposition of "ruling the country by virtue", which was not accepted by the warring countries at that time. So, he recruited disciples all over the world and formed the Confucian school.

Confucius' academic thoughts are centered on "benevolence", "courtesy" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you". His thoughts were adopted by the later feudal ruling class and became an important part of China's ancient ideology and culture.

Mozi (468- 376 BC), named Zhai, was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period.

The founder of Mohism.

Mozi's most important ethical and political proposition is "universal love", but this idea was not supported by the ruling class and became a unique school after Qin and Han Dynasties.

Mencius (372- 289 BC) was born in Lu during the Warring States Period.

The story of "Three Major Movements in Meng Mu" has been an educational story since ancient times.

In academic thought, he expounded the "theory of mind and nature" and put forward the famous "theory of good nature", which attached importance to nourishing the heart and nature. .

Politically, he put forward the theory of "Wang Dao benevolent government" and "people are more important than monarch", and advocated governing the country with the idea of "benevolence and righteousness". Later generations believed that Mencius carried forward Confucian thoughts and viewpoints and was honored as "the Asian sage".

Zhuangzi (369- 286 BC), Zhou Zixiu, was born in the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period.

Zhuangzi's thoughts are embodied in the book Zhuangzi. His academic thoughts inherited and carried forward Laozi's absolutism and mysticism about Tao. Later generations are more Lao zi and Zhuang zi, and their academic thoughts are mainly relativism.

Xunzi (pre-3 13- pre-238) was born in Zhao in the Warring States Period.

Xunzi was a famous materialist in ancient China.

In terms of ethics, his thoughts and views are different from Mencius' "benevolence", and Xunzi pays more attention to the role of "ceremony". Advocate "theory of evil nature"

In political thought, it advocates the combination of "rule by courtesy" and "rule by law", respecting gentlemen with courtesy and ruling the country by law.

Han Feizi (280- 233 BC) was a Warring States period.

Han Feizi is a master of legalism. His academic thought inherited Laozi's "Tao", but understood Tao as the law of the development of things, which developed Xunzi's "theory of evil nature". Politically, it advocates the combination of "magic potential" based on law.

Dong Zhongshu (former 176- former 104) was born in the Western Han Dynasty.

Dong Zhongshu put forward the idea of "respecting Confucianism alone, deposing hundreds of schools and respecting Confucianism alone" to Emperor Wu, and put forward the ideological viewpoint of "three cardinal guides and five permanents", which is the Confucian "kingly politics" and "benevolent government thought".

Wang Chong (27-97) was born in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Wang Chong's academic thought is critical. Philosophically, he put forward the system of "the theory of heaven", opposed the theory of "the interaction between man and nature" and emphasized the natural inaction of heaven.

Wang Bi (226-249), wei ren.

Wang Bi, eloquent, was the youngest master of metaphysics in ancient China.

In academic thought, the viewpoint of "doing nothing is precious" is put forward, and "nothing" is the origin of things. Therefore, politically, it advocates "inaction." On the theory of philosophical cognition, he put forward "forgetting words with pride" and demonstrated the relationship between words, images and meanings in Zhouyi.

Huineng (638-7 13), whose real name is Lu.

The founder of Zen.

Although Huineng can't read, she is extremely savvy. In response to kind words, she pointed out that bodhi has no trees and the mirror is not a stage. There was nothing. Where did the dust come from? He advocated "seeing nature and becoming a Buddha" and put forward the practice method of "epiphany".

Zhou Dunyi (10 17- 1073) was born in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Zhou Dunyi was the founder of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, and his thoughts were carried forward by later generations of Cheng Yi.

In the aspect of moral cultivation, the idea of "quietness" is put forward. In academic thought, "aiding Taoism into Confucianism" has brought into play the idea of harmony between man and nature in The Doctrine of the Mean.

Zhu (1 130- 1200) was born in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhu's academic thought inherited and developed the thoughts of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, and was later called Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism.

On the issue of knowing and doing, he put forward the idea of "a prophet should act before he does", thinking that only by understanding justice can he make a difference.