What is the main idea in Sun Tzu's Art of War?

The core view of Sun Tzu's Art of War is: If you defeat the enemy without fighting, the good will also be there!

The view of fighting is: take for the country, because food is for the enemy.

The viewpoint of military struggle is: pedantry is the straight line and suffering is the advantage.

The tactical point of view is: winning by cleverness and winning by surprise.

The point of view of leading troops is: if a single soldier is not attached, he will not be punished.

Military aspects

1. Soldiers are cunning, that is to say, you should know how to use your troops wisely, and don't be a gentleman on the battlefield.

2. Defeat the enemy's soldiers without fighting, and the good ones are also. In other words, winning the war without force is the most powerful.

3. Five things and seven tests: Tao, heaven, earth, universality and law. Expounded the conditions for winning the war.

4. The event of the country. It shows the importance of war and that we should take it seriously, and we must formulate strategies and tactics before using the army, and emphasizes that we should not use the army at will for the sake of happiness and anger, and put the people into a hot war.

5. Fighting with soldiers, the important idea that food and grass must go first.

6. Emphasis on making friends is close to success.

7. Know yourself and yourself.

Sun Tzu's military thoughts are profound and profound, and his strategic and tactical principles are also highly respected by the people. In the Art of War, Sun Tzu's summary of strategy and tactics mainly includes:

1.

Sun Tzu pointed out in Sun Tzu's Art of War that the arrangement of forces in a war is determined by the commander-in-chief of the war according to the actual situation, and its forces are bound to be strong and weak. In combat, we should avoid the strong enemy and concentrate on dealing with the weak enemy, so as to win the battle. This point was fully expounded by Sun Tzu in his Art of War "Virtual and Real". Sun Tzu said, "A soldier is like water, walking in the water, avoiding heights and descending; The shape of a soldier, avoiding reality is empty. At the same time, Sun Tzu's Art of War also puts forward some concrete methods on how to implement the principle of "One China" operation. Such as concentrating superior forces and attacking them; Avoid its spirit and kill it. In short, the key to this principle is to concentrate on finding weaknesses and attack quickly.

2. Causes people, not others.

Another operating point of Sun Tzu's Art of War is: creating people without creating people. "Making people" means mobilizing the enemy to act according to my intention; "Against people" means being mobilized by the enemy. Sun Tzu pointed out that in a war, the most important thing is to take the initiative in fighting. Without the initiative, the enemy will lead you by the nose, and you will be passive, passive defense and even beaten everywhere. Grasping the initiative in fighting can change the unfavorable situation and make the enemy "able to endure hardships, be hungry and take the initiative", which is a necessary condition for winning.

3. Win first and then fight.

Sun Tzu wrote in the first article of Sun Tzu's Art of War: "Soldiers, the important events of the country, the place of life and death, and the way of life and death must be guarded." Because Sun Tzu realized that war is a major event related to the survival of the country and the nation, he put forward the view of cautious war. Sun Tzu suggested that before the war, we should carefully analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the enemy and ourselves and strive to make ourselves invincible. People who are good at fighting always fight a sure battle, not an uncertain one. Sun Tzu said, "Therefore, a good fighter is in an invincible position without losing to the enemy's defeat", "The first winner wins and then strives for victory, and the first loser fights and then strives for victory", and "The so-called good fighter in ancient times is better than easy victory". This is the meaning and intention of these words.

4. Know yourself and yourself.

Sun Tzu pointed out that if we want to be invincible in the war, we must know ourselves and ourselves. Only by knowing ourselves and ourselves can we implement the plan of avoiding reality and attacking the virtual, master the initiative in the battlefield, turn unfavorable factors into favorable ones, and finally defeat the enemy. At the same time, Sun Tzu also pointed out that if we really want to "know ourselves and ourselves", we must be willing to make great efforts to explore and master the enemy's situation, which is the basic premise of "temple calculation".

5. Win by right and wrong.

Sun Tzu put forward a "strange" proposition in his art of war theory, that is, in the tactical deployment of combat, he adopted the strange tactics of frontal combat and attack, encirclement and detour; It is right to be the main force to contain the enemy, to array the enemy and to attack openly; It is strange to take a surprise attack, but it is strange to use maneuver, sneak attack or special tactics. Sun Tzu pointed out that in order to win the initiative, there must be a change in "righteousness and strangeness" in combat, and it is necessary to "win with righteousness and strangeness." Sun Tzu's military thoughts were used by many later military strategists. Examples of winning wars under the guidance of this strategy and tactics are almost everywhere.

6. Those who are outnumbered win.

In Sun Tzu's The Art of War, Sun Tzu also summed up the different usages of "Bing Duo" and "Serenade". On the one hand, Sun Tzu pointed out the general law of the number of soldiers used in combat. Sun Tzu said, "If you use the method of fighting, ten generals will encircle it, five generals will attack it, and if you multiply it, you will divide it. The enemy can fight, but few can defend. If not, it can be avoided. " This is the general principle of using troops. On the other hand, Sun Tzu's Art of War also said: "Soldiers stand by and bully, take advantage of others and become teachers." He pointed out that when fighting and using troops, we should flexibly disperse or concentrate our troops according to different situations. When our troops are inferior to the enemy, we should try to disperse them. In this way, the relative advantage of "I specialize in one, the enemy divides into ten, and I attack one with ten" has been created locally, giving the enemy a powerful blow. After summing up the usage of multi-soldiers and serenade in Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu pointed out: "Many soldiers are useless, but without Wujin, they are enough to join forces, guard against the enemy and take people." It can be seen that Sun Tzu advocated that the deployment of troops should be based on the comparison between the enemy and ourselves, and that flexible strategies and tactics should be adopted in combat to preserve oneself and destroy the enemy.

From the above-mentioned strategies and tactics put forward by Sun Tzu, it can be seen that the essence of Sun Tzu's strategic thought lies in his viewpoint of "avoiding reality and attacking emptiness", and the foothold of his military tactics lies in how to effectively attack the enemy. Sun Tzu stressed that it is necessary to choose the appropriate combat form and win by surprise on the premise of fully understanding the enemy's situation and the geographical conditions of combat. These strategic and tactical ideas have had a wide and far-reaching impact on later generations.

First, the position of materialism

In our traditional society, mysticism has a great influence and many important historical events can be found. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Guangwu sent people dressed as foxes to say, "Great Chu Xing, Chen Wangsheng" built people's confidence in fighting against Qin at night, rallying people's hearts, and Liu Bang cut the snake uprising and so on. However, Sun Tzu's Art of War forbids divination, spreading rumors and other activities, because it is very likely to be used by the enemy to disturb our army's mind. Once it spreads, it is difficult to ban its influence, so the army must "ban the auspicious and dispel doubts." Sun Wu believes that the final victory or defeat has always been based on the comparison of the strength of the two armies. "If the victorious soldiers are counted as Thai baht, if the defeated soldiers are counted as Thai baht", those who are good at using troops must first examine the contrast between the enemy's strength and our weakness, and then they can go to war when they are superior. Throwing eggs at stones can only bring self-destruction, and victory can never be pinned on the power of ghosts and gods. Victory can only be based on strength comparison. Those who are good at using troops need to concentrate their forces and form an advantage over the enemy in every battle to ensure victory. "Soldiers are not expensive, but there is no Wujin, which is enough to help the enemy take the people." Until the overall strength is superior to the enemy, a decisive battle is impossible. The operational requirements are "encircle ten, attack five, divide into two, the enemy can fight, few can escape, and cannot be avoided". As for mastering the enemy's situation, we can only rely on intelligence personnel, and we must not "ghosts and gods are not desirable", which has laid a solid and reliable foundation for expecting the enemy to win.

2. Look at the overall situation of the war with the method of unity of opposites.

1. Fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of war.

Sun Wu believes that the war can only be launched when the interests are sufficient. "Non-profit is not available, non-profit cannot be moved, and non-danger cannot be fought." The most difficult thing in military struggle is to strive for benefits, that is, to turn disadvantages into advantages. "Those who are difficult in military struggle take detours as a straight line and take suffering as an advantage." We should be extremely cautious in waging war, because the negative effects are too great, the material consumption is huge, the development of national construction is slowed down or even stopped, and people's lives and property are always threatened, even the disaster of national destruction and death. "The Lord can't be angry and start a division, and he is angry and doesn't fight." There is a chance to be happy again after being angry, but it is impossible to live after the death of the country, and it is impossible to resurrect after the death of people. We must fight carefully and never wage war without greater certainty. Of course, defeating the enemy also has great benefits, and it can achieve goals that other means can't achieve, such as seizing each other's material territory, strengthening ourselves, weakening or even destroying the enemy, and eliminating threats to our country.

Sun Tzu believes that only by fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages of war can we better safeguard and develop national interests, minimize its negative effects, and lead the harm of war to weaken the enemy and strengthen ourselves. "Food for the enemy" is a way to supplement oneself with the enemy's materials and lead the war disaster to the enemy. When thinking about war, we must "mix interests", "mix interests with credibility, and mix injuries with solvability". Knowing your strengths can enhance your confidence, know your weaknesses, take preventive measures in advance, and avoid being caught off guard and being used by the enemy. Only by fully understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the enemy and ourselves can we attack the enemy's shortcomings with our own strengths and avoid being used by the enemy.

2. Look at the general's benevolence and strictness comprehensively.

Sun Tzu said that a general must have five qualities: intelligence, faithfulness, courage and strictness. Cao Cao noted: "ingenuity, faithfulness, reward and punishment, benevolence, obedience, courage, strictness and prestige." Only when a general cares about his soldiers and loves them can he get their sincere support and inspire them to stand up to the enemy bravely. On the contrary, if the general is ruthless, it is possible for the soldiers to kill the enemy bravely, get cold feet and betray their personal anger. On the other hand, the army must be strictly managed. Without strict military discipline, it is impossible to have strong combat effectiveness. "If the pawn has been detained and punished, it can't be used." Soldiers who have been attached to them must be strictly disciplined, otherwise they will be like arrogant people, with poor command and poor use. "Thick can't be used, love can't be used, chaos can't be cured, and arrogance can't be used."

There are many contradictory and unified categories in Sun Tzu's Art of War, such as virtual reality, virtual reality, virtual reality, virtual reality, virtual reality, virtual reality and so on. This shows that Sun Tzu consciously used the method of unity of opposites to comprehensively analyze and study war, which is one of the reasons why Sun Tzu's Art of War has been regarded as a military classic for thousands of years.

3. Look at the victory of the war with the viewpoint of development and change.

1. Make corresponding tactics according to the changes of the enemy to win.

The article "Virtual Reality" said: "The image of a husband and soldier is water, and the water journey avoids high and falls, and the shape of a soldier avoids reality and attacks emptiness; Water flows because of the ground, and soldiers win because of the enemy. Therefore, the soldiers have no constant potential and the water is impermanent. Being able to win because of the change of the enemy is called God. " Soldiers are shaped like water. Water always avoids the high places and flows to the low places, and the army always avoids the enemy's strengths and attacks the enemy's weaknesses. The current changes its direction because of the terrain, and the army formulates corresponding combat methods according to the enemy's layout. It can be said that according to the changes in the enemy's situation, the soldiers are like gods. Sun Wu believes that there is no other good way to win except to improvise according to the changes of the enemy, find the enemy's weak points, concentrate forces to form an advantage over the enemy, and attack the enemy's weak points with their own reality. There is no fixed method of warfare, which needs to be changed at any time according to the changes of the enemy situation and external conditions. Mechanically applying other people's tactics can only backfire. The article "Virtual Reality" said: "Because of the shape, measurement is superior to the public, and the public cannot know. Everyone knows the shape of my victory, but I don't know the shape of my victory. So it will never be defeated, but it will be shaped in infinity. " Everyone knows what tactics I used to defeat the enemy, but they don't know how I worked out this tactic. It is not good to mechanically copy other people's tactics, let alone imagine them out of thin air. We can only discover the enemy's weaknesses according to the changes of the enemy or use tricks to lure them to expose their weaknesses to defeat the enemy.

2. Actively create conditions to change "can't win" into "can win".

Sun Wu believes that "a good fighter is invincible first, and the enemy will win." You can't beat yourself, but you can beat the enemy. Therefore, a good soldier can be in an invincible position and cannot let the enemy be in an invincible position. "Whether the conditions for winning the enemy appear does not depend on our own will, but on whether the enemy has made mistakes and exposed weaknesses. What we can do is to ensure that we do not expose our weaknesses, remain invincible, seize the enemy's omissions at any time, and then take quick measures to overcome them. Therefore, it is said that "the victory is known, and the defeat is impossible." "

Sun Wu also realized the importance of subjective initiative, and thought that by taking the initiative to attack, the enemy would not know the battlefield and the date of the war, so that the strength of fighting directly with us would be greatly reduced, and then he could form an advantage over the enemy. "Although we are outnumbered, we have to fight", and "impossible victory" becomes "possible victory".

"Form a person but I am invisible" and "Move it for profit and wait for it". It is also necessary to conceal one's actual situation, lure the enemy into depth, show the enemy in a false shape, and lure him with small benefits, so that he makes mistakes in judgment, improper tactics, and exposes flaws, and actively creates conditions for defeating the enemy. I will attack him with heavy weapons.

There are also many examples of looking at the war in a contact way, asking the army to rescue each other from beginning to end if it is straightforward (the snake in the long mountain), and "those who make good use of soldiers are straightforward." "If you hit its head, it will end. If you hit its tail, it will end." . The wealth of a country determines the outcome of the war. "The degree of health, the degree of health, the number of health, the number of health, and the number of victories." Whether politics is clear or not determines the outcome of the war. "Those who make good use of soldiers and cultivate dharma can be the strategy for winning or losing."

For thousands of years, military commanders have won one victory after another by relying on the art of war and created one brilliant war example after another. Sun Tzu's Art of War still has practical value, because it can consciously use materialist dialectics to analyze war and truly and objectively reflect the laws of war. Materialist dialectics will always be a powerful weapon for us to understand and transform the world!

The chapter "Ji" discusses whether the war can be carried out. This paper profoundly points out the relationship between war, politics and economy, and points out that the five basic factors that determine the outcome of war are politics, weather, location, generals and legal system, among which the political factor is the most important. The chapter "Combat" expounds how to carry out war. The plot of the attack is about how to attack the enemy country. Sun Wu advocates the greatest success at the lowest possible cost, that is, strive to win without fighting, seize the enemy city without storming, and destroy the enemy country soon after fighting. In order to achieve this goal, he particularly emphasized winning by strategy. He pointed out that the best way to use troops is to win by political strategy first, then by diplomatic means, finally by force, and finally by siege. In order to "attack", we should not only know our own strength, but also know each other's situation. Sun Wu pointed out in the chapter of "using houses" that to predict the enemy's situation, we must be good at using all kinds of spies and obtain extensive information. Sun Tzu's Art of War contains many valuable philosophical thoughts. For example, the phrase "Know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle" has become the mantra of China people.